Assessment for Learning through Observation in Early Childhood Education and Care

This document discusses the concept of assessment in early childhood education and care, focusing on the use of observation to understand children's knowledge and learning processes. It explores the purpose of observation, methods of observation, and provides a case study of a 5-year-old child. Additionally, it discusses curriculum preparation for 5-year-olds, including daily activities and learning goals.

EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION AND
CARE

Part A
Assessment for learning through observation
Concept of Assessment
Assessment denotes the method wherein our normal practices; we perceive and detect children’s
knowledge and learning procedures and the outcomes. The educators attempt to comprehend it,
and formerly focus on the understanding the interests and attention including the performances in
the direction of decent implementation and practical utilization (Bird, 2019).
When the educators see the activities of children, they watch the kids prudently and delicately,
and study their learning habits and intentions. When they approach toward surveillance of kids
with an open awareness and concentration, the instructors can perceive the productivity of their
playful acts as well as interaction (Chen, 2014). Through observation as well as assessment one
can become conscious of what kids know as well as can perform, and utilize these facts to
confirm that what the instructors provide and in what way they communicate remains diligently
related to their capabilities and requirements. Observing and evaluating kids’ learning may
likewise improve the teacher’s own awareness and understanding of how the progenies develop
and pick up the lessons (Connor, 2012).
Observation and understanding
A comprehensive, vigilant, concentrating observation, monitored by knowledgeable assessment,
can illustrate us by what method kids make sense in their domain, how they practice and mature
their linguistic skills to allow then to interconnect with others and to contemplate. The educators
can acquire the method of developing and maintaining interactions, as well as how the kids
mature emotionally and ethically (Dempster, 2012). This self-motivated attitude in the direction
of surveillance and assessment empowers the teachers to go further than the impression of
normative viewpoint, progressive prospects and consequences that measures and consents the
instructors to actually understand, and rejoice, with kids as individuals.
Purpose of observation
 To realize what specific children identify and can perform.

 To comprehend what individual kids are concerned in and in what way they absorb best
such that the educator may support their learning as well as development efficiently.
 To care for general planning as well as provision.
 To match the methods and communicating strategies to cater to kids’ requirements to
guide their lessons and expansion procedures.
 To further advance the level of understanding of how kids learn, connecting theory with
real approaches of practice (Leehwado, 2010).
Activity (Observation and Evaluation) of a 5 year old child
Susan was selected while requesting in a compassionate tone concerning the alertness of all-
round evolution of the child. Clarifying in convinced method around the vital support of parents
to transform the participative style of learning and upsurge kids’ outlooks of fitting to the
situation enabled me to have consent of the parents
Susan had been attending Kindergarten classes for about a year. At the classroom, the
observations of kids are deliberated at group conferences with the purpose of familiarizing and
matching their provision as per the requirements of the kids. The school counselor went through
the observations done by me emphasizing on what I observed, articulating the assessments of
Susan. The counselor asked the other educator for their opinions and interpretation of interaction
with the girl child. Generally, both informal as well as formal observations displayed that Susan
had developed well over and above seemed to occupy with the different actions and revel in most
events. She gave the impression of predominantly enjoying the art class and showed great
interest and attention in painting. She liked to spend a considerable time in this particular activity
every day.
Nevertheless, Susan’s significant attitude emphasized on the information that the observations
exhibited that although Susan performed to be a measure of the teamwork and involved in many
activities, for most of the period she viewed others’ play or frolicking on her specific or selecting
accomplishments, such as painting, that she could practice on her own. The educators conversed
on these observations and approved with me that Susan required more chances to participate in
games with other kids, either as “one-to-one” or in a team.

We decided to acclimatize suitable pattern of instructive method to support Susan’s learning
process. Over the subsequent week, Susan’s Counselor in School would play with her and inspire
to have “cooperative” system of playing in a group with other kids and facilitate flexible form of
communication with all. We decided to encourage her to come out of introvert attitude and speak
out all the problems, fears, anxieties and worries....The school is a beautiful place to share our
viewpoints, opinions on every aspect of events. Our physical , emotional and spiritual health
depends on our frank interactions with other members and friends At the next week’s meeting
we would analyze what had occurred and, if required, carry on to acquaint the method to come
across Susan’s requirements.
(Refer to Appendix)
Methods of Observation
Narrative
The maximum widespread technique of recording kid’s observations is "narrative recording," or
a written explanation of kids' actions.
1. Running events (or Record of Evocative Description)
A comprehensive description and interpretation of behavior documented in a consecutive manner
as it occurs;
Not imperfect to a specific occurrence alike a “subjective record”;
The viewer records everything what is perceived (Vygotsky, 2019).
Advantages
1. Rich in elements;
2. Emphasizes on all performances, not merely one specific behavior;
3. Does not need a great arrangement of preparation;

4. Understand not merely what performances ensued also depicts the contextual background
wherein the performance occurred (Lorenz, 2012).
Drawbacks
1. Incontrollable Time;
2. Works well in perceiving any individual, nevertheless is problematic to practice when
witnessing a group;
3. Spectators keep themselves away from each other from the kids who would stand as
challenging for an educator to organize (Seely Flint, Kitson, & Lowe, 2014). .
2. Anecdotal records
It deals with a transitory description recounting an event of a child's conduct that provides
interest to the spectator.
Anecdotes define
 •what occurred
 •how it occurred
 •at what time
 •where
 •what was supposed, informed and completed
 These are momentary facts
 •Refer to unique incident
 •They are collective, composed throughout the course of year in school
 They are commonly transcribed subsequently after the occurrence of events (McCabe,
2012).
Advantages
1. Emphasize on performance of interest and overlook other actions;
2. A smaller amount of time is required in comparison to running records;

3. No special training needed for the observer;
4. Spectator may catch an unforeseen event no matter at what time it transpires, since it is
typically chronicled afterwards (Lorenz, 2012).
Disadvantages
1. Does not effort on all performances; may supervise significant behaviors;
2. Determined by on the reminiscence of the spectator;
3. Challenging to practice for investigation purposes.
Conclusion
Sharing suggestion with families, instructors, children and professional counselors shapes
learning environments which validate friendly spaces. They reproduce and enhance the lives
along with individualities of toddlers besides the family subsidizing in the upbringing and
responding to their welfares and prerequisites. Circumstances that take care of values of
information are dynamic and flexible spaces continue to be accessible to the confidences and
skills of kid.
Part 2
Curriculum Preparation
Preface
Kids require a correct, harmless and amenable setting for interaction with the mentors, school
authorities, management, friends, Family members and others. In this educational context within
the school, a counselor and an appropriate educator can provide perfect training through careful
attention, observation, assessment and evaluation of performances a per the situation. The
educational resources and devices ought to be properly engaged with the aim of facilitating
active participation of students in the training procedure. A decent platform constantly allows the
children to multiply their competences and reproduce developmental stages in the organization
of integrated system of learning. (Leehwado, 2010).
Design of Daily Activities Age group—5 years (for 5 days)

Drawings by resources of “coloring objects and themes”
Stage 1. The kids will be shown how to join the dots in a drawing book to form different forms
of art and asked to follow in 2-3 classes
Stage 2: Children will be trained to draw pictures in sheets with diverse types of color. They
would practice it in their drawing copies for two days in the class as well at home
Stage 3: Kids will be taught the name of colors and their correct spellings
Stage 4: Pupils would be making the images of their selection.
Stage 5: For this effort, drawing boards will be delivered to the children.
Aim
Through this act, their overall attentiveness and interest will be supervised. When, the kids will
generate their talents then fairly difficult tasks would be indicated for example, drafting explicit
creations. The assurances of this progress stand to nurture a working perception of drawing
abilities to empower learners on the way of thinking, observing, and making newer sketches, that
help to promote their confidence level in resolving diverse aptitudes of artistic determination.
To Familiarize Children with small apparatuses
Step 1: Causality tools will be supplied to the learners for instance, “air propels, eye dispenser,
and rotating attachments”.
Step 2: Beginners will be utilizing these apparatuses and talk about in terms of expressions
whatever they understood.
Social Resolution
This indicates the stage when kids classify their position in lucid way; above and beyond they
remain undoubted to get replies to their inquiries.
Guidelines of Social Science
In the following stage of the session, the classes on “social science” will be indicated. Through
these developments, progenies will study realistic facts. Exercises on lessons would empower to
think of important events, date, as well as place of some specific incidents. Congruently, reading
skill might be emphasized. The acquisition of awareness occurs through intelligible discussion
instituted on the combination of reading as well as hearing, distinctive recognized resources.

Road Signals and Hoardings
Stage 1: Distinct road symbols and the signposts will be conversed with the learners.
Stage 2: Schoolchildren will be interrogated concerning the indication of the symbols.
Social and Language Determination
This indicates the chapter wherein learners are absorbed to be fluent in construing the words of
announcement provided in Billboards and effort to understand the inference. Also, delicate and
communicative expressions stimulate to be accessible to children to deliver the knowledge of
English etymology. Kids would study to shape a vigorous sentence construction through writing.
The pupils will be evaluated through varied workouts. On the grounds of their competences,
more compound words as well as sentences can be taught.
Physical Activities (Hopping with Ropes and playing with ball)
The pupils would join in in physical activities vigorously.
Step 1: Learners will remain set with “hopping ropes” accompanied by balls according to
playground equipment.
Step 2: The race will have effect amid children to empower them to implement the tasks
This game-instigated action will stand as valuable program for their physical plus psychological
improvement
Physical Purpose
The effort of this measure stands to categorize them bodily as well as spiritually suitable.
Consistently, the learner will have involvements in knowledge all over this session.
Creating stuffs, using plastic elements, metal as well as wood, fabric, and
cardboard
Platform focused on project will be put up in the training space.
Step 1: Children will be stimulated to improve relevant tasks, e.g., lessons for writing
newsletters, as well as build and design objects with cardboard.

Step 2: Additionally, plastic material, besides the implements prepared with cloth, metallic
substances, and wood may be distributed to pupils to improve their skills as well as perform
some sketches.
Social and imaginative Purpose
This experience would help to form the uniqueness of creative spirit within beginners to enable
more application of their aptitudes.
Arithmetic Quiz
Phase 1: The puzzle based on proper arrangement of numbers and simple additions and
subtractions will be indicated to the beginners.
Step 2: Children will be watched to assess their acquaintance with computing figures. The
workout will be followed by discussion of solutions.
Social, Intelligence and Logical Purpose
The effort of this act is to evaluate the intelligence and reasoning level. It will assure us what has
been cultured by them until now in the teaching process. In this situation, moderately weaker
students will be recorded to guide them back on their overall understanding of the issue.
Discussion
The planning of curriculum design and teaching methodologies highlight on systematic
arrangement of human and material resources as well as technological, moral, environmental and
financial support with the consciousness of understanding the facts. The creation of abilities and
talents in hearing plus reading, observing, speaking and, writing besides formation of words,
expressions and sentences over planned structure builds the gateway of fundamental activities.
The children are required to learn the artwork, painting, sports and games, Musical elements,
dramatic presentation and all that. The physical moral, psychological, intellectual and
reasoning flairs are quite essential for overall development of a child. Contemplation of
exercises generates the concepts; aptitudes and presentations established in early childhood,
and educators require improving and reinforcing these as relevant (Gill, 2012). Mentors agree on
a design to their training prospectively on the experience wherein they continue to be capable,
and incorporate suitable policies regarding the pupils as well as the conditions involving in a

specific period, as assured with time of day, otherwise the “span of year”, assurances of the
lesson or previous input of the communication.
Conclusion
The developmental effort of behavior advances as per the motivation and positive contribution
of the teachers who are linked with the teaching strategies with ethical and coherent approaches
to strengthen the brainpower of early age group. Instruction and communications for learning
fix the preparation of uniting all fundamentals of training. This reflects suitable approaches to
include and form the child’s performance as well as benefits. The teacher comprehends how the
toddler interconnects with other children and instructors. This assesses the competence of
planning.

References
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Appendix
Physical skills
Moves and stands on single foot ready for 2-3 instants
Holds a rebounded ball in determined time
Throws and marks with observation, and crushes discrete foodstuff
Pays no attention to new children or does not respond to publics other than the family
Resists exhausting, sleeping, and using the toilet
Unable to review a favorite story
Does not understand “same” and “different”
Does not use “me” and “you” suitably
Social and Emotional
Enjoys in executing innovative things
Demonstrations “Mom” plus “Dad”
Is progressively creative with fantasy play
Language
Set apart some basic rules of grammar as suitably using “he” and “she”
Sings a song or expresses a verse from memories as the “Itsy Bitsy Spider” otherwise the
“Wheels on the Bus”
Narrates stories