Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

This document provides information about Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), including its transmission, symptoms, prevention, and impacts. It highlights the prevalence of CA-MRSA in Western Australia and the need for awareness and preventive measures. The document also mentions the importance of accessing government sites and contacting authorities for more information.

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Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, is a Staphylococcus aureus strain which is methicillin
(antibiotic) resistance. Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a type of type of
MRSA infection caused mainly in individual who lacks explicit risk issues for healthcare revelation. Causative
agent associated with the infection is Staphylococcus aureas, which is normally found on the nose and skin of
healthy individual and it is present normally in around 20% to 30 % of the healthy individual. Community-
Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is commonly observed in people who have not been
hospitalized recently (Department Of Health, 2019). Outbreaks of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is observed among, athletes, military recruits, injection drug users, day-
care attendees and other people living in crowded settings. It is transmitted through direct and indirect contact
between the individual. Direct contact occurs either through touching physical intimacy between the individual.
Indirect contact occurs through using the contaminated items of the patient such as, sharing of clothing, towel
and other accessories, using athletic equipment. It is also transmitted through an open wound or surgical
wound. People suffering from CA-MRSA get skin infection as an initial symptoms. After that, it appear on the
skin as reddened areas which is filled with pus followed by swelling. The patient also undergoes recurrent
fever. Initial symptoms of CA-MRSA is often seen within 1 to 10 days of infection (Coombs, 2016). It is
prevented by maintaining the general hygiene procedure such as, hand washing, proper healing of an open
wound, contaminated items of the patient should not be shared and direct contact should be avoided. CDC
(Centres for Disease Control and Prevention) and NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) have
issued recommendation for the prevention of the disease (Department Of Health, 2019).
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Community-associated methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureas is extremely prevalent among the
western Australian residents. Several outbreaks of CA-MRSA has been observed in various communities such
as, bondini, coonana and other communities. Outbreaks is also observed in high-risk groups in smaller range
and within the broader sector of the community. Prevalence rate of Community-associated methicillin
resistance staphylococcus aureas is tripled in these communities within the 5 years of range. Between 2000 and
to 2016 the cases of Community-associated methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureas is increased from
10.3% to 16%. It is transmitted to other people of the community through poor hygiene and direct and indirect
contact with the patient. As the rate of transmission is not slowing among the community of Western Australia,
broader section of the community are getting effected by the infection. To prevent the infection, it is necessary
to follow the preventive measures by creating awareness, providing practical advice and proper medication for
the disease, especially among the individual who are at high risk of infection.
Community-associated methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureas affects the healthy individual who
are in direct and indirect contact with the patient. Community-associated methicillin resistance staphylococcus
aureas infection leads to short term and long term negative health impacts. Short term health impacts associated
with the infection are recurrent fever, pain, pus and reddened areas on the skin. People suffering from the
infection have skin infection, which gets reddened and filled with Pus. People with the infection should be
isolated from the other individual to avoid infection in healthy individual and treated properly (Department Of
Health, 2019). If the treatment of the Community-associated methicillin resistance staphylococcus aureas is not
done properly in longer term, it can give rise to severe impacts which effects the blood stream. It might also
damage the heart, lungs, bones and joints or lead to other negative impacts. If the bacteria remain inside the
body for longer term, it can also effects the surgical or open wounds (Department Of Health, 2019).
“Over the past decade, the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has changed the landscape of S. aureus infections around the globe”
(Sowash & Uhlemann, 2014).
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“CA-MRSA strains were first noted in the late 1990s as causes of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs)
as well as severe invasive syndromes in people with no known previous exposure to a health care setting”
(David, 2014)
“As CA-MRSA is well established in the Australian community it is important that antimicrobial
resistance patterns in community and healthcare-associated SAB is monitored as this information will guide
therapeutic practices in treating S. aureus sepsis” (Coombs, 2016).
It is necessary to create awareness among the individual regarding the infection. To know more about
the infection, people should access to the government site such as CDC (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention) and NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) or can directly contact to the authorities. For
detailed information they can also login to Department of health, government of Australia (Department Of
Health, 2019).
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References
Coombs, G. W., Daley, D. A., Thin Lee, Y., Pearson, J. C., Robinson, J. O., Nimmo, G. R., ... & Turnidge, J. D.
(2016). Australian Group on antimicrobial resistance Australian Staphylococcus aureus sepsis outcome
programme annual report, 2014. Communicable diseases intelligence quarterly report, 40(2), E244-54.
David, M. Z., Cadilla, A., Boyle-Vavra, S., & Daum, R. S. (2014). Replacement of HA-MRSA by CA-MRSA
infections at an academic medical center in the midwestern United States, 2004-5 to 2008. PLoS One,
9(4), e92760.
Department of Health. (2019). Community associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Retrieved from
https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/A_E/Community-associated-MRSA-CA-MRSA
Department of Health. (2019). Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (CA-
MRSA) - Fact Sheet. Retrieved from
https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/staphylococcus_aureus/methicillin_resistant/
community_associated/fact_sheet.html
Department of Health. (2019). Prevalence of MRSA among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospital
inpatients, 2005: Report from the Australian Group for Antimicrobial Resistance. Retrieved from
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/cda-cdi3103d.htm
Sowash, M. G., & Uhlemann, A. C. (2014). Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
case studies. In Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Protocols (pp. 25-69). Humana
Press, Totowa, NJ.
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