Theories Principles and Models in Education and Training

Theories Principles and Models in
Education and Training

INTRODUCTION
Education and training are based on several theories and theories guide actions and
decisions that trainers and educators take in relation with how they should train and teach their
students. In this report different theories related to education and training will be discussed such
as Behaviourism, and Cognitivism and models including Pedagogy and Andragogy will also be
discussed. Further application of these theories, models and principles will also be discussed in
report. Models of curriculum development and application of models for reflection and
evaluation including Kirkpatrick and Gibbs will also be discussed in report.
a) Theories, principles, models of learning and models of learning preferences
Models of learning are those models that depict what and how individuals learn
something. Models of learning preferences outline ways in which learners prefer to learn.
Models of Learning Advantages Disadvantages
Behaviourism – This
focuses on idea that learning
takes place through positive
and negative reinforcement
are used for learning.
Ability to clearly define
behaviour
Measuring changes in
behaviour
Highly deterministic
because behaviour can be
indeterministic
Cognition – This model is
based on development of
cognitive pathway in
understanding and physical
response to experience. As
per this model students learn
most effectively through
reading and lecture
instruction.
Useful and practical
application
This model considers that
mind is like computer which
is different
Constructivism – This
focuses on learning based on
Student-centred learning
Enjoyable approach of
Does not fit standardised test

previous experience and
experiences and new
information is used to
construct their own
meaning.
learning
Humanism – This focuses
on individual subjects and
asserts that learning is
natural process. Scenarios
and role model are important
in this model of learning
(Labib, Canós and Penadés,
2017).
Enables to work on
subjective experience of
individuals.
Professionals are required to
put much emphasis on
subjective experiences.
Pedagogy – This model
describes what methods and
practices of teaching and
specific focus is on
educating children.
Effective as children are not
able to learn on their own.
Lessons become boring
because of teacher centred
learning
Andragogy – This model
involves methods and
practices used for teaching
adults. This focuses on self-
directed and cooperative
learning (Knoll and et.al.,
2017).
Inspires adult learners to
learn and improve their
learning over what they
already know
Possibility of unsystematic
learning and long learning
process.
Theorists Advantages Disadvantages
Kolb – This is a learning
cycle basically include
concrete learning, refection
Enables to use all preferred
learning styles.
Ignores psychodynamic,
social and institutional
aspects of learning.