Introduction to Educational Research 2022

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
TITLE: Introduction to Educational Research
Word count: 1500

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Abstract
The research is mainly conducted to study student behavior and student communication skill
in the high school classroom setting. The main purpose of the study is to understand what
the different reasons are for which two children of the same class or the same age may vary
in terms of their attentiveness and understanding. It is the duty or the responsibility of the
teachers to make sure that they are being able to take good care of the children and also help
them to overcome their respective problems and take part in all the classroom activities.

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Sociology
The study is mainly conducted to see the classroom behavior of two different children
within the same school and classroom context. There are two different children namely Child
A and Child B. The motif of the research is to see if the two different children coming from
the two different backgrounds can cope up with the classroom and concentrate on their
studies or stay restless and inattentive in the class. However, it is also noticed during the
research that as the two students are from different socio cultural background they are
responding to the class or the classroom lessons in a very different manner (Kanoski &
Davidson 2010). It is evident from the observations and the extra additional information
about the research that the two students or the two children belong from the two different
social-economic backgrounds. As a result of this, they are not able to understand classroom
contexts or mannerisms properly.
It is evident from the physical appearance of the two kids that they are born and
brought up in two different contexts. However, at the same time, it must be noted that it is the
duty or the responsibility of the teachers to make sure that they are paying equal importance
to all their students irrespective of the social or the cultural backgrounds from where they
belong. Child A is attentive and pay due importance to all the different classroom lessons and
raise hands to answer the questions. On the other hand, child B is much restless and not
attentive. All-day long he is busy eating Tiffin in the class. This shows that Child B is much
more engaged in Off Task behavior in comparison to Child A.
Off task, the behavior is a kind of behave that a child exhibits in any classroom that
disengages him or diverts him from the classroom studies. This often happens due to several
reasons like the social and economic turmoil or the family issues in the house or the

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
background of the student (Dicke et al., 2015). The teacher must understand the needs of the
individual child or the student and deal with this issue.
Method
Participants
The participants that were used are two different children from two different social and
cultural backgrounds. The two students are male and are studying currently in year 7.
(Alvermann et al., 2018). These participants were selected to see the communication skill of
students and also to make sure that they can understand the right kind of rules and regulations
that they are to follow in the classroom setting.
- Both Child A and Child B were in the same class during the observation period. They
did not sit together nor had any social contact with one another.
- The class was studying Ancient Greek History. In that high school, a period went for
85 minutes.
Ancient Greek was being taught in the class. There were three tables kept as a vertical
row in the classroom. This was evidence of the fact that the teacher would try to make the
students do some group work so that the students can communicate with each other and also
make sure that they are staying attentive during the classroom. It was an 85 minutes
classroom lesson session where the teacher was trying to teach the students about Ancient
Greek History. The teacher entered and said good morning to the class. However the
classroom was very noisy and then the teacher asked the students to settle down by saying

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
thank you several times and then started calling their names out as aft of the regular roll call
session (Price et al., 2016).
Materials
The time sampling method was used to carry on with this classroom activity. I was
mistaken to use10 minutes whereas the actual time that must be invested for the completion
of the form is about 15 minutes. However, there were several categories of off-task behavior
that was used to understand the nature of the student. The categories are-
 Inattentive
 Overactive
 Impulsive
 Unproductive
 Anxious
 Withdrawn
 Aggressive
The above-mentioned areas are different off-task behaviors or the different diversions
that the students usually face while they are in their classroom setting. It was seen during the
observation period that Student B was inattentive in the class and did not like to listen to
whatever the teacher was saying.

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Procedure
The children were asked to concentrate on the history class and also make sure that
they are answering the questions that are being asked in the class. The observation was
mainly done based on student behavior and the different ways in which the students
interacted with each other.
Results
Student A
behavior
Student A
It was seen that
Child A was
active in
studying and
was always
raising hands
whenever the
teacher asked
any question.
However he was
also interested in
talking to his
friend but
whenever the
teacher asked
him to read he
was easily
Methods used
by the teacher
for student A
Notes
It was also seen
that using music or videos
inside the classroom
setting is highly beneficial
as it helps in making the
students calm and they
can focus their attention.
Teachers must consider
using music and other
forms of instructional
means to inculcate interest
among the students.

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
brought back to
studies and did
not waste any
time (Bowman
et al., 2016)
Student B
behavior
Student B
On the other
hand, Child B
was busy eating
Tiffin and
talking to his
friends all day
long. He was not
interested in
studying or in
understanding
the lessons. It
was seen that
the teacher had
to waste about
30 minutes in
asking child B
to stop talking
and to get back
to work
Methods used
by the teacher
for student B
The teacher
earlier used the
word ‘stop' to
ask Student B to
stop talking and
focus on work
but this was of
no use. On the
other hand, just
when he was
asked to make
painting he was
much interested
and did not
disturb any more

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Discussion
There is a similarity in the patterns of behavior reported in previous studies. This is
because different students have different kinds of needs. No individuals are the same in terms
of their understanding of their thoughts. It is for this reason that Student A and Student B had
different kinds of needs. It was because of the differences in the understanding and also the
difference in the upbringing of the two children that they had different kinds of interest and
responses’.
It was observed that Student A was always very active in the classroom and was
interested in asking and also answering the questions. However, he tended asking questions
on any random topics and often about dinosaurs. Student B, on the other hand, had no
intention of learning. The teacher wasted time in asking the student to stop. However, as per
my understanding, the teacher must have used other strategies like asking student B to listen
to the class by exchanging smiles or by making some friendly gestures.
The limitation of my study is that I must have observed the students for 15 minutes
but I gave only 10 minutes to my observation. The other limitation that I would like to take
care of is to be a parent involved in the study of student behavior in later parts of the research.
This will be helping the guardians of these children to know about the different issues that
their kids are suffering from and the different ways in which the same can be solved. Getting
the opinions of the parents will also help the teachers in knowing the actual reasons behind
the child's behavior and how the same can be solved.

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Thus it can be concluded that teachers must deal with their students in a very polite
and understanding manner. They will have to make sure that the students are not felling
missed out on the classes. Teachers must help the student to pursue their fields of interest so
that they are not suffering from any kind of pressure or burdens.

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
References
Alvermann, D. E., Moon, J. S., Hagwood, M. C., & Hagood, M. C. (2018). Popular culture
in the classroom: Teaching and researching critical media literacy. Routledge.
Bowman-Perrott, L., Burke, M. D., Zaini, S., Zhang, N., & Vannest, K. (2016). Promoting
positive behavior using the Good Behavior Game: A meta-analysis of single-case
research. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 18(3), 180-190.
Dicke, T., Elling, J., Schmeck, A., & Leutner, D. (2015). Reducing reality shock: The effects
of classroom management skills training on beginning teachers. Teaching and
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Kanoski, S. E., & Davidson, T. L. (2010). Different patterns of memory impairments
accompany short- and longer-term maintenance on a high-energy diet. Journal of
Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 36, 313-319.
Price, J. M., Whitlatch, J., Maier, C. J., Burdi, M., & Peacock, J. (2016). Improving online
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Sleeter, C., & Carmona, J. F. (2017). Un-standardizing curriculum: Multicultural teaching in
the standards-based classroom. Teachers College Press.
Wang, A. I., & Lieberoth, A. (2016, October). The effect of points and audio on
concentration, engagement, enjoyment, learning, motivation, and classroom dynamics

Running Head: EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
using Kahoot. In European Conference on Games Based Learning (Vol. 20).
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