Effect of Motivation in UK Music Industry

This research paper analyzes the effect of motivation in contributing positively towards the UK music industry and evaluates the impact of motivation in attending music events in UK. The theories associated with enhancing motivation persuade people to attend music concerts in UK are also analyzed.

Running head: EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
Effect of Motivation in UK Music Industry
Name of the University:
Name of the Student:
Authors Note:

1EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
Table of Contents
1. Introduction......................................................................................................................2
1.1. Rationale...................................................................................................................2
1.2. Research Questions...................................................................................................3
1.3. Research Objectives and Hypotheses.......................................................................4
2. Literature Review............................................................................................................4
2.1. Concept of Motivation..............................................................................................4
2.2. Theories on Motivation towards Music....................................................................5
2.3. Motivation Effect in Attending Music Events..........................................................6
2.4. Conceptual Framework.............................................................................................7
3. Research Methodology....................................................................................................9
3.1. Research Approach...................................................................................................9
3.2. Data Collection Process............................................................................................9
3.3. Sampling and Sample Size.....................................................................................10
3.4. Data Analysis..........................................................................................................11
3.5. Research Timeframe...............................................................................................11
References..........................................................................................................................13
Appendices........................................................................................................................16

2EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY

3EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
1. Introduction
1.1. Rationale
Music is observed as an absorbing and stimulating activity and hearing music serve as a
key form of engagement with several cognitive and associated motor skills with certain musical
instrument. Motivation in the UK music industry has been studied by several researchers over
the previous years (Aguiar and Waldfogel 2014). Considering the same, the current research is
focused on analyzing the theories indicating ways to motivate people in attending UK music
concerts. The theories of motivation facilitate in developing constructive hypotheses regarding is
effect on the music industry for attending events. Music is observed to offer numerous social and
personal benefits encompassing improvements in self-regulating behavior, cognitive emotional
awareness and improved social responsibility. Being a performance skill, music is multi-faced
and is deemed to have effects on brain plasticity which are highly pronounced among
instrumental musicians (Bacache, Bourreau and Moreau 2014). Motivation to proactive any
musical instrument during childhood years is deemed to improve the musical skills and more
generally the intellectual capability. Motivation to develop musical skills within UK music
industry is based on developing a range of cognitive as well as perceptual action process.
Several researches has been conducted on school-aged musicians within UK indicated
that a single-minded immersion is related with feeling energized and positive. This can further
contribute to securing commitment of students within the music practice and certain future
involvement (Bachman, Norman, Hopkins and Brookover 2016). For this reason it can be said
that motivation is related with understanding emotional climate in which young individuals learn
music along with the array of emotions that are experienced by them in widening music appeal in

4EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
learning. Studies related with self-beliefs are also there within psychology research and research
in music within western contexts indicates that learner experience needs satisfaction in case they
are highly associated with music. However, it has also been observed that in western culture
certain negative perception regarding music is also developed as music performance is just a
choice based subject and considered irrelevant by them (Bennett 2018). Some of the major
challenges for music education within western contexts concern the ways in which student
beliefs in their capabilities.
The decisions regarding musical motivation in UK are generally shaped by parents’
aspirations and teachers anticipations regarding their future performance. For this reason in
learning a musical instrument, time and effort is greatly needed and the beliefs underpinning
such investment are important. The power of motivating engagement in music is relied on
several cultural beliefs and values (Bernardo and Martins 2014). Several researches over the past
years focused on role of musical instrument practice, motivation and parental support that has a
tendency to indicate whether intrinsic rewards are related with positive emotions of music
involvement. Music serves as a powerful force and people are motivated to experience the same.
There are various levels of musical skills along with external factors that play a significant role
in directing music industry engagement in UK. These factors that enhance motivation among
individuals towards music in UK include playing challenging instruments and difficult repertoire
(Brown and Knox 2017).
1.2. Research Questions
The research questions those are to be addressed through completion of this research are
explained under:

5EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
 What is the effect of motivation in contributing positively towards the UK music
industry?
 What is the impact of motivation in attending music events in UK?
 How the theories associated with enhancing motivation persuade people to attend music
concerts in UK?
1.3. Research Objectives and Hypotheses
The research objectives those are to be addressed in this study are elaborated below:
 To analyze the effect of motivation in contributing positively towards the UK music
industry
 To evaluate the impact of motivation in attending music events in UK
 To analyze the theories associated with enhancing motivation persuade people to attend
music concerts in UK
The research hypotheses those are to be tested in this research are indicated below:
 H1: Motivation has positive effect on increased participation within UK music industry
 H0: Motivation has negative effect on increased participation within UK music industry
2. Literature Review
2.1. Concept of Motivation
Colwell, Hewitt and Fonder (2017) defined motivation as desire to do something to act in
a manner and therefore someone has energy and inspiration to peruse something they desire.
Consequently, for people to get motivated they have a cause to conduct a certain action. These
researchers also stated that motive is generally internal that encourages, integrates and directs an

6EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
individual’s behavior. Deane (2018) has a distinct perception regarding motivation as they
believe that there exist two distinct definitions on motivation. One among them determines
certain conditions those instigate action along with anticipating its persistence, duration and
finally its termination. Another definition for motivation can be explained as encouragement to
take a desired action and motivation is the cause for which people choose to do a particular thing
than the other.
2.2. Theories on Motivation towards Music
Evans and Bonneville-Roussy (2016) elaborated that there are several theories that can
facilitate in explaining different ways in which motivation is encouraged among individuals
within UK music industry. Expectancy theory serves as a model for evaluating individual
motivation along with the reasons for which they are motivated to adopt a particular behavior.
This theory also explains that motivation towards music is derived from desiring a social
interaction and the existing literature identified three factors associated with motivation. Finney
(2016) indicated that rather than having primary along with secondary motivators that includes
expectancy, instrumentality and Valence. Expectancy is associated with the aspects perceived by
people along with expected outcomes related with attending a music event. Instrumentality based
motivation indicates the ways in which people perceive that effective performance can result in
rewards. Laing (2017) also explained valence focuses on the ways in which people might believe
that the rewards they desire are open to them. Moreover, it is also gathered that the foundational
motivational factor affects the music industry of UK for the reason that in case someone does not
perceive outcomes to be effective they are unlikely to get motivated.
MacIntyre and Potter (2014) also elaborated that behavior motivated by means of
extrinsic factors like promise of reward or threat of punishment implements an external

7EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
motivation. Such external motivation is deemed to be arrived from a family member. Several
other motivators that persuade individuals to prospered music industry in UK and moreover,
music is deemed to be an art that can motivate social movements. Mantie and Smith (2016)
revealed several factors that affect motivation of music learners in the UK music industry. They
also gathered that factors such as religion, income, age, popularity, flexibility and curriculum
materials that is significantly related with the motivation of music learners. In attaining high
involvement towards music motivation acts as a constellation of perceptions, beliefs, interest,
values as well as actions those are closely associated. For this reason, several approaches to
motivation towards music are centered on cognitive behaviors as well as non-cognitive factors.
2.3. Motivation Effect in Attending Music Events
Mulligan (2015) indicated that there is a limited literature on motivation of people
attending events that is drastically growing. These researches also stated that an increased focus
is directed towards attending musical events. These individuals are more focused on
demographic of the individuals those attend music concerts in UK. This is to analyze whether
they enjoyed themselves along with certain specific activities they proper to take part at the time
of a musical event. Phillips and Street (2015) also conducted a research in analyzing the musical
activities in which the individuals prefer taking part in an event rather than researching most
straightforward motivation question. Through attaining an understanding on this, the researchers
can employ its implication in organizing a musical event and marketing it. Powell, Smith and
D’Amore (2017) have grouped music events and related festivals together as they believe that
motivations might have similarities.
Moreover, festivals and the music events have been the focus of research attention in the
motivation literature. Due to this reason motivation can be understood as a decision to visit a

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music festival which can trigger a desire to address a need. Price (2017) also evidenced that there
might be social influences like peer pressure and learning motive that can encourage the decision
making process of individuals towards attending music shows in UK. These researchers also
indicated that motivation can be at its peak at the time an individual access that their actions can
attain some positive results for them individually. This also associates Vroom’s expectancy
theory that makes people perceive that there are certain actions that can affect the outcomes of
individual actions that can motivate them. Regner (2015) explained that there are two major
approaches to motivational theories that include content and process theories. Process theory
impacts motivation through ensuring dynamic integrations between person and experiences in a
company and management. This can be implemented in UK music industry and attending events
as it considers motivation depends on interaction among people and their experiences. Rutter
(2016) believed content theory focuses on analyzing what motivates people to follow music
rather than knowing how that ultimately reveals drivers and triggers o human behavior towards
UK music industry events.
2.4. Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework indicated in the figure below indicated that motivational
factors and related theories impact the UK music industry. This framework explains the
relationship among the described motivational factors in measuring effects of UK music industry
(Toraldo, Contu and Mangia 2016). Moreover, the music educators have understood the
relevance of motivating students to achieve their musical desires. Motivation is deemed to be
synonymous having cognitive engagement that is defined as voluntary uses of self-regulated and
high level learning strategies. The conceptual framework explained the theories of motivation
facilitate in developing constructive hypotheses regarding is effect on the music industry for

9EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
attending events. Music is observed to offer numerous social and personal benefits encompassing
improvements in self-regulating behavior, cognitive emotional awareness and improved social
responsibility (Colwell, Hewitt and Fonder 2017). The figure also explains that learning
environment involves teachers related with learners’ motivation of learning music. Music
learning motivation among the learners is elaborated better through analyzing related factors
such as demography, sociology, teaching school and learning environment. For this reason it can
be said that motivation is related with understanding emotional climate in which young
individuals learn music along with the array of emotions that are experienced by them in
widening music appeal in learning (Colwell, Hewitt and Fonder 2017).
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
(Source: Authors Note)

10EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
3. Research Methodology
3.1. Research Approach
Research approach selection serves as the most vital process in attaining real and desired
results of the research. Considering the same, it can also be stated that suitable research approach
facilitates the researcher in recognizing the process for performing desired research activities
(Bacache, Bourreau and Moreau 2014). The current research will employ deductive research
approach with positivism research philosophy. This is for the reason that it centres on
scrutinizing the existing motivation based theory and models that can result in attaining
constructive outcomes for the study with the help of gathered data. This research approach is
selected as the current study will analyze the opinion of the music learners by means of
quantitative data analysis (Bacache, Bourreau and Moreau 2014). Moreover, this approach is
deemed to be suitable for this research as positivism philosophy is employed in the study that is
directly associated with quantitative data analysis in which collected data can be analyzed
through analyzing the previous trends and existing models on motivation. For this reason,
deductive approach is considered to be important in attaining effective results from the study.
3.2. Data Collection Process
The data collection process in researching the effect of motivation in UK music industry
will consider collection of both primary and secondary data. Data collection is deemed to be the
basic requirement that can ensure the success of the research through collecting required data
associated with target results to be attained (Powell, Smith and D’Amore 2017). Secondary data
will be gathered from books, websites and journals associated with music industry of UK and
effects of motivation that can facilitate in realizing the historic presentation and speculative
conditions related with the study. In addition, primary data will be collected through

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questionnaires. The questionnaire that will be offered to the target respondents will include both
open and close ended questionnaires. Such questions will gather data related with demographic
profile of respondents, motivating factors effecting their participation in music events and the
motivational theories those are suitable for determining their behavior towards UK music
industry. Survey is deemed to be the most suitable option to attain quantitative data for analysis
foe the reason that it can facilitate in gathering relevant data from a larger population. The
questionnaire will be distributed through sending personalized e-mails to target participates and
they will be provided with time of seven days to revert on the questionnaire survey.
3.3. Sampling and Sample Size
Sampling can act as a technique of targeting respondents for attaining data relevant to the
research from a large population (Bernardo and Martins 2014). In the current research, simple
random sampling will be employed that can facilitate carrying out survey with all its target
respondents for the reason that this technique can offer equal opportunities for the respondents to
get chosen for the research. Moreover, this sampling method facilitates the researcher in
selecting the most important primary data source for attaining vital information associated with
attaining study aim and objectives (Bernardo and Martins 2014). This is the reason for which
quantitative data will be gathered through employing simple random sampling for a large
sample. It has also been evaluated that quantitative research analysis requires a huge sample size
for attaining and evaluating respondents’ responses. Focused on the same, the current research
will consider 71 students involved in music learning cause and actively take part in music shows
in UK for attaining most reliable data for study on their motivation.

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3.4. Data Analysis
The data will be analyzed through employing several statistical analysis techniques. In
consideration to that, better selection of the analytical processes is important to attain suitable
research results (Evans and Bonneville-Roussy 2016). For maintaining transparency and
reliability of the data outcomes, most reliable statistical tools will be implemented in the
researching effect of motivation in UK music industry. The quantitative data gathered from
primary research will be analyzed through MS excel by carrying out necessary correlation and
regression analysis. Moreover, the results will be represented graphically and in a table format
that can simplify the interpretation of outcomes (Evans and Bonneville-Roussy 2016). MS excel
statistical tool can effectively convert opinion of the target participants to anticipate the trend of
gathered insights from them regarding the research subject.
3.5. Research Timeframe
Task Week
1
Week
2
Week
3
Week
4
Week
5
Week
6
Week
7
Week
8
Week
9
Selection of
research subject
and justification
Developing
literature
Choosing
appropriate
methods
Data collection

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Data analysis
Reviewing
outcomes
Conclusions and
recommendations
Submitting project
Printing and
submission

14EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
References
Aguiar, L. and Waldfogel, J., 2014. Digitization, copyright, and the welfare effects of music
trade.
Bacache, M., Bourreau, M. and Moreau, F., 2014. Digitization and Entrepreneurship: Self-
Releasing in the Recorded Music Industry. document de travail, Telecom ParisTech.
Bachman, J.R., Norman, W.C., Hopkins, C.D. and Brookover, R.S., 2016. Examining the role of
self-concept theory on motivation, satisfaction, and intent to return of music festival
volunteers. Event Management, 20(1), pp.41-52.
Bennett, T., 2018. “Essential—Passion for Music”: Affirming, Critiquing, and Practising
Passionate Work in Creative Industries. In The Palgrave Handbook of Creativity at Work(pp.
431-459). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Bernardo, F. and Martins, L.G., 2014. Disintermediation effects on independent approaches to
music business. International Journal of Music Business Research, 3(2), pp.7-27.
Brown, S.C. and Knox, D., 2017. Why go to pop concerts? The motivations behind live music
attendance. Musicae Scientiae, 21(3), pp.233-249.
Colwell, R., Hewitt, M. and Fonder, M., 2017. The teaching of instrumental music. Routledge.
Deane, K., 2018. Community music in the United Kingdom. The Oxford Handbook of
Community Music, p.323.
Evans, P. and Bonneville-Roussy, A., 2016. Self-determined motivation for practice in university
music students. Psychology of Music, 44(5), pp.1095-1110.

15EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
Finney, J., 2016. Music education in England, 1950–2010: The child-centred progressive
tradition. Routledge.
Laing, D., 2017. The three Woodstocks and the live music scene. In Remembering
Woodstock (pp. 1-17). Routledge.
MacIntyre, P.D. and Potter, G.K., 2014. Music motivation and the effect of writing music: A
comparison of pianists and guitarists. Psychology of Music, 42(3), pp.403-419.
Mantie, R. and Smith, G.D. eds., 2016. The Oxford handbook of music making and leisure.
Oxford University Press.
Mulligan, M., 2015. Awakening: The music industry in the digital age. MIDiA Research.
Phillips, T. and Street, J., 2015. Copyright and musicians at the digital margins. Media, Culture
& Society, 37(3), pp.342-358.
Powell, B., Smith, G.D. and D’Amore, A., 2017. Challenging symbolic violence and hegemony
in music education through contemporary pedagogical approaches. Education 3-13, 45(6),
pp.734-743.
Price, S.M., 2017. Risk and Reward in Classical Music Concert Attendance: Investigating the
Engagement of ‘Art’and ‘Entertainment’Audiences with a Regional Symphony Orchestra in the
UK (Doctoral dissertation, University of Sheffield).
Regner, T., 2015. Why consumers pay voluntarily: Evidence from online music. Journal of
Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 57, pp.205-214.
Rutter, P., 2016. The music industry handbook. Routledge.

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Toraldo, M.L., Contu, A. and Mangia, G., 2016. The hybrid nature of volunteering: exploring its
voluntary exchange nature at music festivals. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly, 45(6),
pp.1130-1149.

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Appendices
Ethics Review Checklist
Project Title: Effect of Motivation in UK Music Industry
Student name and ID:
E-mail address:
Programme/module:
Supervisor name:
E-mail address:
Yes No
1. If the study will require the cooperation of a gatekeeper for
initial access to groups or individuals to be recruited (e.g.
students, employees of a company, members of a self-help
group), will you be unable to obtain this?
2. Will the study involve discussions of or responses to questions
which participants might find sensitive? (e.g. substance abuse,
traumatic experiences)
3. Could the study induce psychological stress or anxiety, or cause

18EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
harm or negative consequences, beyond the risks of everyday
life?
4. If the study will involve participants who are unable to give
informed consent (e.g. children under the age of 16, people with
learning disabilities), will you be unable to obtain permission
from their parents or guardians (as appropriate)?
5. Are there any problems with the participants’ right to remain
anonymous, or to have the information they give not identifiable
as theirs?
6. Will the study involve prolonged (more than an hour at a time)
or repetitive testing?
7. Will financial inducements (other than reasonable expenses and
compensation for time) be offered to participants?
8. Will deception of participants be necessary during the study?
9. Does the study involve access to confidential information?

19EFFECT OF MOTIVATION IN UK MUSIC INDUSTRY
10. Is the right to withdraw from the study at anytime withheld, or
not made explicit?
I have read and understood the guidelines in the Programme and Module Handbook on
ethics policy and procedures.
Signed Supervisor
Signed
:
Researcher
Date: