Effect of Nano Zerconium Coating on the SS316L Bio Implant Material Project 2022

CE 2.1 Information of Project
Project’s Name: Effect of Nano Zerconium Coating on the SS316L Bio Implant
Material
Location of this project: Please fill
Project Duration: Please fill
Organization’s Name: Please fill
My Role and Designation during the time: Mechanical Engineer
CE 2.2 Background of the Project
CE 2.2.1 Basic Characteristics of this Project
A bio implant is one of the most significant medical devices that is being made for
replacing any specific missing bio structure, providing major support to a damaged bio
structure and even increasing an existing structure. The respective surface of these implants,
which contact the body is made of few biomedical materials like apatite, silicon or titanium,
depending on its functionality. In this project, I have selected SS316L grade alloys. The first
alloy used was uncoated, whereas the 2nd alloy was coated with Nano Zirconium Oxide
(ZrO2). The 3rd alloy was coated with Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) and poly utherine coat. These
various types of alloys were being tested for the mechanical, tribiological and microstructure
properties. With these properties and features, I was successful in analyzing the overall effect
of nano zirconium coating on the SS316L bio implant material. I have used experimental
methods of coating, scanning of electron microscope, X-Ray diffraction, micro Vickers
hardness test, tensile test and anti-microbial test. Hence, I have improved the physiochemical

properties as well as biocompatibility of the stainless steel, whenever coated with nano
zirconium so that it could be easily utilized within medical applications.
CE 2.2.2 Developed Objectives for the work
I had to make sure that this project is getting completed according to the planning and
this particular work is eventually following overall update in respect to safety or security and
is extremely effective and efficient. Hence, the objectives of this project are:
 To improvise the physiochemical properties as well as biocompatibility of the
stainless steel.
 To coat the stainless steel with nano zirconium for making it effective to make it use
in the medical applications.
 To characterize different samples with the help of various surface analysis techniques
as well as biocompatibility assays.
 To check whether the effect of nano zirconium coating over the SS316L bio implant
material is accurate or not.
 To use different tests like coating, scanning of electron microscope, X-Ray
diffraction, micro Vickers hardness test, tensile test and anti-microbial test for
completing the experiment.
 To ensure that the obtained results are matching with the expected experimental
results.
CE 2.2.3 My working area in this project
Being an efficient mechanical engineer by profession and expert in metallurgical
science, I did not confront any kind of issue while carrying out this project work all by myself
and thus, I was appointed as project developer as well as main mechanical engineer by
project supervisor. I had executed similar projects previously with my friends and professors

Head of the Department
Project Supervisor
Mechanical Engineer (Me)
and thus, it was quite easy for me to produce proper and accurate results. Moreover, since I
had executed different experimental methods in several projects, I was successful in making
the project of SS316L.
CE 2.2.4 Group of people Involved in this Project
Figure 1: Team Members involved in this Project
CE 2.2.5 My major responsibilities as well as duties in the entire work
I had few of the major important and vital duties in this project, being the main
project developer and mechanical engineer. My 1st vital duty was to select an appropriate
alloy for the project. I noted that stainless steel type-316 is one of the main parts in the family
of stainless steel alloys of 301, 302, 303, 304, 316 and 347. The entire family of 316 is the
group of few austenitic stainless steel with higher resistance to corrosion for the
304 stainless steels. I checked that it is appropriate for the welding since it comprises of
carbon contents that are low in comparison to the series of 301 and 303 for avoiding carbide
precipitations within the welding application. The next significant responsibility that I had in
this project was to understand the various advantages of SS316L material and I noted that it

has resistance to corrosion and heat, provides treatment to heat, proper welding, machining,
hot and cold working and many more. I even conducted few important tests or methods for
checking the effect of Nano Zerconium coating on this particular stainless steel and ensuring
that my experiment is providing accurate results. Being the project developer, it was my
responsibility to complete the project documentation and report it to the project supervisor
and HOD periodically.
CE 2.3 Distinct Activities in this Work
CE 2.3.1 Comprehending the most Basic Theories Used in this work
To complete the project, I had to undertake the basic theories for stainless steel and
nano zirconium. My main aim was to improvise the various distinctive physiochemical
properties or even biocompatibility of different types of coating for stainless steel, whenever
it is being coated with nano zirconium for using in medical applications. The Nano-ZrO2
based composite coating had improvised the biocompatibility of these substrates of stainless
steel as compared without coatings. It was noticed that coating provided better effects. I
wanted to incorporate the coated stainless steel of 316L grade alloy as a bio implant material.
Hence, the biocompatibility of the implant materials was increased efficiently. It was much
easier for the feature of heat resistance it comprised within it. I observed that the accurate and
better oxidation resistance within intermittent services to 870oC and within the continuous
services to 925oC. I even had to undergo 6 popular and effective experiments and tests, so
that I can understand whether these tests are providing accurate results or not.
CE 2.3.2 My major Engineering skills or knowledge that are applied in this work
To execute the project for nano zirconium, I have to utilize my major proficiency of
mechanical engineering and metallurgical engineering. With my intense knowledge in alloys
and metals, I was able to make the project a successful one. I have even used my skill of

creative thinking as well as logical reasoning to provide suitable solutions to various issues,
whenever faced. I was also familiar with the experimental methods of coating, scanning of
electron microscope, X-Ray diffraction, micro Vickers hardness test, tensile test and anti-
microbial test for project execution.
CE 2.3.3 Execution of the work and Tasks Accomplished
The first experimental method used in this project was coating. I have used 3 100ml
beakers and the 1st and 3rd beakers were being filled with distilled water. I filled the 2nd beaker
with nano zirconium solution. The coating performed here is dip coating method and a clear
solution was made with hardener-thinner-metal coat with the ratio of 20:20:60. Finally I
heated the coated plates at 120 degrees for 20 minutes in oven. The second method used was
scanning electron microscope or SEM. With this experiment, I checked that conventional
SEM needs samples to be imaged under vacuum. I had to involve each and every operating
principles of SEM in the project including scanning process and image formation. I have used
X-ray diffraction method for obtaining structural information regarding crystalline solids.
Figure 2: Block Diagram of XRD

I have also used anti-microbial test for determining the susceptibility of a microbial
species against different antibiotic agents. It was needed as I had to check whether the alloy
taken is effective or not. The results eventually indicated that this amorphous Nan0-ZrO2
based composite coating were much more uniform and dense.
CE 2.3.4 Identified issue with its solution
2.3.4.1 Issue in this project
The major technical issue, which I had to confront in the project was during executing
the SEM experimental method. It was my 1st time, when I was executing this method and
hence I was not able to determine the correct results properly. As a result, I did not get clear
images for Zr polyurethane.
2.3.4.2 Solution to the Identified Technical Difficulty
For this particular technical difficulty of SEM experimental method, I decided to take
help from my project supervisor. He advised me to attend workshops for this purpose. I
attended two workshops on SEM method and finally was able to get clear images
successfully.

Figure 3: Minimum and Maximum Zoom of Zr and Polyurethane (from left to right)
CE 2.3.5 Unique Plan made to provide innovative or creative work
For achieving this project of Effect of Nano Zerconium Coating on the SS316L Bio
Implant Material, I decided to make a proper plan in the beginning of the work. This helped
me in dividing the tasks as per requirement and finally I was successful in executing the
project efficiently.
CE 2.3.6 Work Collaborations
I have provided new ideas and recommendations to my project supervisor so that we
are able to bring out the best solution and project result, by working collaboratively.
Furthermore, I even included the head of the department and provided him regular updates
and presentations regarding the work progress.
CE 2.4 Overall Reviewing of this Project
CE 2.4.1 Overviewing of this work
I had to learn from the project’s work about both non-technical and technical skills.
After experimenting with the six distinct methodologies, I was finally able to get the effect of
nano zirconium coating over the bio implant material of SS316L.
CE 2.4.2 My Major Contributions
Since, I was the project developer and main mechanical engineer in this project work,
it was my responsibility to execute the entire project all by myself by taking help from my
project supervisor. I selected the correct coating and completed each and every experiment.
Moreover, I made the project documentation and resolved the issue that was faced in the
work.