Effectiveness of Bicycle Helmets in Preventing Head Injury in Children

Effectiveness of bicycle helmets in preventing
head injury in children: case control study

Table of Contents
What hypothesis was the study testing?...........................................................................................1
In order to test this same hypothesis more robustly, one could conduct an ideal or “target trial”.
Define such a trial in terms of:.........................................................................................................1
a. Study population, including the eligibility and exclusion criteria .....................................1
b. Intervention treatment, including when the exposure time should start ............................1
c. Control treatment ...............................................................................................................1
d. Follow-up ..........................................................................................................................1
e. Primary outcome ................................................................................................................2
f. Causal contrast....................................................................................................................2
Draw a directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) for a) the ideal randomized controlled trial you would
like to perform; and b) the case control study showing the exposure, outcome and a set of
plausible potential confounders.......................................................................................................2
(a) The ideal randomized controlled trial you would like to perform....................................3
b) The case control study showing the exposure, outcome and a set of plausible potential
confounders............................................................................................................................3
Adapt the DAG you created for question 3 to show the extent to which the design and analysis of
this case-control study accounted for potential confounders. Briefly explain, with reference to
epidemiological concepts you have been taught, how these confounders were addressed.............4
Contrast this case control study with your ideal “target trial” in terms of chance, bias,
confounding and applicability/generalisability................................................................................4
References........................................................................................................................................5

What hypothesis was the study testing?
In context of this article, it has been analysed that investigation has hypothesis that use of
bicycle helmets are favourable in terms of preventing the hard injuries among kids (Høye, 2018).
It includes the criterion of focussing on specific research objective of examining the risk of
injury to the head as well as the effect of wearing helmets at the time of bicycle accidents
between children. However, it is observed that using helmets while driving bicycle may prove
beneficial as they are capable to avoid acute as well as severe head injuries among kids to secure
them.
In order to test this same hypothesis more robustly, one could conduct an
ideal or “target trial”. Define such a trial in terms of:
a. Study population, including the eligibility and exclusion criteria
This article has been focussed on the target population of children driving bicycle which impact
positively on their health by avoiding severe head injuries. It includes the fact that some of
individuals are excluded as the patient was non-resident and the patient’s general practitioner
declined to participate respectively (Kurt and et. al., 2017). The study population is defined as
sample or population which is recruited for conducting the study in effective manner. There is a
study protocol which explains that characteristics of eligible participants that will participate in
the study. The present study is conducted for explaining people that wearing helmet is very
important for people as it leads to reduce the risk of head injury. There is need to manage and
create awareness among people so that they realise that helmets can be helpful in minimising risk
of accidents. The number of respondents taken in this study are 50. These are people who ride
bicycle and they know there are some risks while riding it. These respondents will be asked
questions about problems that are present while riding bicycle.
b. Intervention treatment, including when the exposure time should start
The intervention treatment includes the way of providing care as soon as possible for
specific injury. It is very important to treat the particular injury of head among kids and avoid the
relevant complications by delivering desired facilities for improving health condition.