Effects of Hydrotherapy, Community-based Exercise, Aqua-based Exercise, and Physical Activity on Older Adults

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1. Effects of hydrotherapy on the various system of the body
Introduction
Hydrotherapy is basically a method widely used in the system of natural medicine. The use of this
type of treatment is outdated and it should be noted that the use of water in various temperatures and
various forms have different impacts on the different system of the body (MacMorris, 20018).
Hydrotherapy is simply the internal or external use of water in any of it is for such as ice or steam for
treatment or health promotion of various diseases. This type treatment was applied in ancient cultures of
China, India, and Egypt. Many countries use water to produce an effect on a different system in the
maintenance of health, prevention, and treating of diseases. The use of hydrotherapy has an effect on
cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous system and also the muscular-skeletal system
(Edwards, 2014).
Application of superficial cold water may cause the physiological reaction in the body, for example,
the function of local metabolic decreases, the effect of local anesthetic effect increases, local edema,
muscle spasm and nerve conduction velocity. Water immersion of 32 degrees also contributes to lowering
the heartbeat, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure respectively. Immersion at 14 degrees
increases the concentration of dopamine and plasma noradrenaline while decreases the concentration of
cortisol while plasma adrenaline remains unchanged. Water immersion induces physiological changes
such as humoral control mechanism. The cardiac function and the number of circulating CD 34 are also
increased in case patients suffering from warm water and in the respiratory system more so for children
suffering from asthmatic bronchitis, bronchial patency is improved by using warm water (Clanton, 2014).
2. Community-based group exercise improves balance and reduces fall in the at-risk
older people.
Introduction
Involvement in exercise plays an important role in reducing the fall among the older people. Several
interventions were made but the interventions that were found to be effectively included, endurance,
supervised training, the trained nurse, a home exercise prescribed by a physiotherapist. An effective factor
in moderating falls risk is found to be a supervised general group exercise. The recent studies conducted
shows that moderate intensity exercise is a strategy for preventing falls among the older people. However,
the research is needed to identify whether the exercise programs conducted in the community setting are
also effective in reducing falls among the older people and increasing physical functioning. According to
the research, not all interventions are successful since some of them are ineffective since they are caused
by the taking the subjects having a too low risk of falling (Carren, 2016). There are certain needs that
must be met by community-based exercise which are affordability and accessibility.
3. Perceived benefits, motives and barriers to aqua based exercise among the older
adults with or without osteoarthritis
Introduction
This study aimed at investigating reasons behind ceasing participation in aqua-based exercise
among adults with or without osteoarthritis, to identify what motivates the adults to participate in aqua