Effects of use of drugs on children and teenagers

This study explores the effects of drug usage on the physical and mental conditions of children and teenagers. It examines factors associated with drug addiction, the impacts of drug usage on society and family, and ways to prevent children from using drugs.

Effects of use of drugs on children and
teenagers

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
Overview of Study...................................................................................................................................3
Background of the study..........................................................................................................................3
Research problem and justification..........................................................................................................4
Importance and need of the study............................................................................................................4
Aim..........................................................................................................................................................4
Objectives................................................................................................................................................5
Questions.................................................................................................................................................5
Hypothesis...............................................................................................................................................6
LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................................7
Factors associated with drugs usage of drugs addiction...........................................................................7
Effects of drug usage on children and teenagers......................................................................................9
Impacts of increasing rate of drug usage by children on the society and family....................................11
Some ways to prevent children against drugs usage..............................................................................13
METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................................................15
Sources..................................................................................................................................................15
Search parameters..................................................................................................................................16
Inclusion Criteria...................................................................................................................................16
Exclusion Criteria..................................................................................................................................17
Sample design........................................................................................................................................17
DATA ANALYSIS...................................................................................................................................19
OUTCOMES.............................................................................................................................................34
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................37
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................38

TITLE: Effects of use of drugs on children and teenagers.
INTRODUCTION
Overview of Study
Drug is substance that causes change in the psychology and physiology when it
consumed. It is distinguished from the substances as well as food that give the nutritional
support. The drug consumption can be through injection, smoking, absorption and the inhalation.
The drug abuse can impact ability of brain to function in short term and also prevent the growth
for later. Drug misuse impacts the growth of teenager brains through messing with neurons and
destroying brain connections. If a teenager uses drugs to feel relaxed, this interferes with innate
capacity of body to do just that. The effects of medical drugs on the brain are like this: the brain
consists of billions of nerve cells. There was a mistake. Medicines flood the body with
dopamine, that is, it sends so many "feel good" messages to the recompense network (Achar and
et. al., 2017). On the other hand, Mental and also physical wellbeing are impaired by this use of
drugs. The life expectancy of teenagers and children in UK is rising. It is therefore necessary, in
order to keep the people and children healthy to avoid them and enhance their safety. This can be
said that this affects not only kids who use drugs as well as the public, the society, their families
and friends. In 2016, almost one-fifth (18%) of students indicated that they took drug during the
past year. highest rate of drugs diagnostic testing in England and Wales is comparable to decade
earlier; nearly one out of 10 adults between 16-59 years of age are reported in general population
surveys in England or Wales. Between 2008/09 and 2014/15, illegal drug usage declined in
Scotland last year (Aldenkamp and et. al., 2016). As per national survey, secondary school
children in England now have a higher probation for drugs than smoking. The NHS Digital
statistics found that 24 percent of 11-15-year-olds had at least once in a lifetime tried recreational
drugs.
Background of the study
A teenager undergoes physiological and behavioral changes throughout adolescence.
Besides physical changes, the brain of the young learns strategies to function efficiently. One
way to do this is to remove unnecessary neurons and connections within various parts of brain.
An adult brain can become more concentrated and productive with this form of mental tapping.

Teenagers are essential to a healthy brain performance as either an adult, so a strict standard of
good behavior throughout these years is critical. Substance addiction may have a short-term
effect on brain development and inhibit proper development and expansion. Also when still in
womb, children can experience physical impacts of substance use as well as addiction (Allen and
et. al., 2017). It involves psychoactive drugs like cocaine, alcohol, cannabis and heroin that
affect the organ as result of slowed womb behavior and mental impairment and underdeveloped
cognition skills. People may emotionally stimulate or damp other people. The behavior or
behavioral changes triggered through drugs result from changes in brain. On the other hand,
Statistics on drug fatalities are more disturbing and alarming overdoses have been growing even
more rapidly than usage since 2012. Government must recognize that penal enforcement has
proven costly and ineffective, and has been re-oriented to pragmatic approaches to wellbeing and
harm reduction (Carliner and et. al., 2016).
Research problem and justification
The aim behind conducting present investigation is to examine the impact of drug on
physical as well as the mental conditions of children and teenagers. In this research, there has
been problem examined regarding the impact of the usage of drug on the children as well as
teenagers health. From conducting the researcher, an investigator can know about the effective
ways to prevent the teenagers and children from usage of the drugs and also save their life so that
they can live in a better manner. Other than this, from performing present research, abilities and
the analytical skills can be enhanced of a researcher in a better as well as effective way (Chadi,
Bagley and Hadland, 2018).
Importance and need of the study
The research on identification of drug use impacts plays a major role since this helps
researchers and everyone to know drug-related factors. One of major factors that will allow
people can keep their children and teenagers from this is education. The use of medications has
many adverse effects. Thus, this study will recognize approaches and ways that can allow
children to live their normal lives (Cipriani and et. al., 2016).
Aim
The whole study development is systematic process determined through
investigation aim. As most important aspect of study, an investigator helps to determine the

results of test. Aim is defined as default statement that includes a problem statement as a succinct
or clearly defined expression. This makes possible for the researcher to guide the whole project
correctly to possible results. The significant thesis section could also be defined as, since each
operation is based on study target. It is allowing the researcher and guidance in right direction
(Cohen and et. al., 2016).
The aim of research is “To identify effects which drugs usages have on children and
teenagers. A case study on the UK.”
Objectives
Research objectives allow the researcher to summarize the findings of study. This is more
essential and important because this investigator can examine problem and its solutions by using
it. In addition, defined research objectives are more important in order to find truthful and
reliable solutions. It reflects the analysis based and better outcomes obtained by a researcher
(Cooper and et. al., 2017). The formulation of research-related goals helps to reduce the study
activities to their importance, unnecessary and precise results will be avoided, which would
otherwise lead to waste of resources. Different kinds of variables, for example dependency and
independence, are the study objective. When performing each research activity within a given
period of time, both variables are significant. The objectives of research are seen as an integral
component of research that helps researchers to consider both individual and organizational
impacts and problems. The study purpose is important and meaningful in order to understand the
problems created by the analysis (Cooper and et. al., 2017). They are usually articulated in lay
type and researcher contributes.
 To identify factors associated with drugs usage of drugs addiction.
 To evaluate effects of drug usage on children and teenagers.
 To identify impacts of increasing rate of drug usage by children on the society and
family.
 To explore some ways to prevent children against drugs usage.
Questions
It is an appropriate and key area of research that is essential for researcher to respond more
specifically to all questions. It is an important and basic source of study or analysis of literature.

This is necessary and relevant to support a researcher consistently and effectively achieve all
study goals. Therefore, it is important for businesses to determine the effects which drugs usage
have on children and teenagers (Cortese and et. al., 2018).
 Which factors are related with the usage of drugs to children?
 In which manner, use of drug impact on teenagers and children
 What is the impact of increasing rate of drug usage by children on the society and family?
 What are the different ways used to prevent the children against the usage of drug?
Hypothesis
A hypothesis for research is observable, transparent and precise assertion and prediction
of future outcomes from a field of analysis. Moreover, this is timely statement about relationship
among two or more research variables. There are two variables in each research subject, one
dependent and the other independent. The research will investigate theory of support or impact
for hypotheses in research that show that the effects which drugs usage have on children and
teenagers (McCabe, S. E. and et. al., 2017).
In this sense, some scholars claim that medication is among the safest methods for
children and teenagers to use drugs, as in therapy, counselors seek to explain their habits. In
other words, counseling is necessary in order to prevent children from substance use and injuries.
Care interventions and counseling cannot work to an extent to prevent children and
the teenagers from using drugs. On the basis of some authors that children
and teenagers are addicted to medicines are not able to help with drugs and counseling. Since
children don't want to go to a counselor and when they go there, they find it tough to cope with
them (Crystal and et. al., 2017).

LITERATURE REVIEW
The detailed analysis of previous explorations of a topic is literature review. It looks at
scholarly books, papers and other sources related to a particular field of research. The whole past
examination should be specified, presented, concluded, evaluated without prejudice and
explained. This should give examination questions and help researcher decide on idea of
research. The literature review acknowledges that past analysts have created, and thus ensures
that researchers have effectively conceived it. This section ultimately strengthens the researchers'
awareness of the individuals selected on Effects of use of drugs on children and teenagers.
Researchers find the literature review as a significant function in promoting secondary
knowledge collection from different sources, including journals, magazines, publishing work etc.
Both of these tools are valuable and are ideally required for researchers to collect reliable or
secondary information. The primary goal or motivation for the literature review is to provide
information that is incomplete or inadequate easily (Ray and et. al., 2016).
Factors associated with drugs usage of drugs addiction
As per opinion of Victoria Berman (2020) Drug addiction is illness that causes brain
damage and behavior of a person and allows them to not regulate their use of legally or illicit
drugs. Drug addiction is often called a drug use disorder. Drugs are also known to be additives
like tobacco, marijuana and caffeine. If a person is addicted, given the damage it causes, it will
continue using drug. Drug dependence can begin in social contexts with the experimental usage
psychoactive substance and is growing for some. In some, particularly drugs, drug addiction
starts from presence of a friend or family who has been prescribed substance or receives drugs.
Children and Youngsters have various forms of behavior, problems solving and decision-making
in contrast to adults. In teenagers and the children, some of the changes occur in brain that varies
from one brain cell to other (Fishbein and et. al. 2016). Children are likely to also be dangerous
than adults, because the brain and the reward system are more active in the limbic system. The
brain cannot distinguish the difference between right and wrong, and this is why teenagers
sometimes commit crimes and are more likely to develop bad habits as bad habits initially offer a
feeling but end. Half of the all current pharmaceutical users under 18.The most significant
element in use of adolescent drugs is experimentation. Experiments also are part of life and it

doesn't imply they’re addicted just because teenager has tried drugs or alcohol. This is more
relevant to see why certain teenagers are inclined to experiment. Children and the teenagers at
various stages in lives can suffer from risks and safety factors. Risks can be modified by
preventive action at any level. In family, family and church intervention which seeks to assist
children develop proper, positive behavior; child development risk like aggressive behavior can
be modified or prevented. If not dealt with, adverse attitudes, like academicals deficiencies and
social problems, will lead to more vulnerable children being eventually exploited. Drug abuse
may affect risk factors in a number of ways. The higher a child's risk, higher it is interested in
taking drugs. During certain stages of development, a few other risk factors will be more
powerful than others, like teenage peer pressure; anymore as certain protective factors like a
better parent-child bond can have higher impact on risk reduction in early years. An essential
preventive objective is to adjust balance among risk or protective factors in order to eliminate the
risk factors.
Camille Renzoni (2020) stated that Teenagers may be time for emotional, impulsive
decision-making. This may be time to live in present without regard to consequences. It is also
moment when several teens are first seeking alcohol and drugs. Average age of initiation is the
drug use between 13 and 14, 7 and 8 before even go to high school. 50% of the teenagers had
consumed illegal drugs, 20% had personal use of controlled drugs, 40% had smoked cigarettes
and 70% had tried alcohol at high school through their old age. Whether it's stealing from
parents, friend or shopping in certain cases. But, in contrast, 25% of teenagers claim that their
parents gave them alcohol. Parents just worry regarding cigarette smoking while statistics are
dropped, despite health risks, there seems to be a rise in vaporization. As per European School
Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD), nearly 40 per cent of young people in UK
say they have tried drugs like cannabis and ecstasy (Gaithe and et. al., 2016). UK teenagers are at
the top of drinking lady and one of worst smoking offenders. There are some factors related to
use of drug to children and teenagers mention below:
Attention- Teenagers also have a sense of motivation or ability. They don't feel confident
enough for them to shine or don't have anything special. These emotions can lead to
the substance abuse. Some young people don't actually know how to be best, so they try to
become worst in order to gain unmistakable praise from their teachers and parents.

Lack of education- Many teenagers and children are growing up believing drugs and
alcohol consumption is common. The favorite artists sing about all this, films shimmer it, TV
commercials sell it. There was a medicine for them when they are down, not sleeping, or have
headache. The society has embraced the attitude of "pill curing everyone," which makes the
young people feel similar regarding the drugs. Most people do not understand impact of drug
use. Most teenage people do not know how their mind, body and relationships can be affected.
Education is important for them. They require someone to tell the truth about alcohol and drugs
(Guo and et. al., 2016).
Competition- A great burden for teenagers and the young adults is the importance of
winning, impressing and proud. Teenagers would like to show their peers or parents best,
whether at school. However, rivalry to be excellent can be severe. Academicians, for example,
frequently depend on prescribed stimulants as 'smart drugs' or research aids to boost academic
results, for example, for adolescents and young adults.
Anxiety- If the school's expectations or social stresses not suffice; teenagers frequently
face increased anxiety about house problems, poor self-image and an increasing awareness of
workings of the world. About 1 in 8 kids experience a psychiatric anxiety disorder serious,
unexplained and unresolved mental health issue. In teenagers, pressure, anxiety and depression
may become weaker and alcohol or drugs may start as a way escape rather than being opened up
to an adult. Children and teens sometimes become self-medicated when they are overcome by
the challenges of life (Hausman-Kedem, Menascu and Kramer, 2018).
Environment- Children can also increase risk of drug abuse by environmental factors.
For children and the teenagers, lack of parental involvement may increase the risk of alcohol as
well as other medicines. Teenagers who are abused or neglected by their parents may use alcohol
or drugs to deal with emotions. Peer pressure among teenagers is yet another health risk for
the addiction. Even if the pressure of friends to fit in is not open or aggressive, the environment
can be "experimented" with substances that could lead to abuse (Hennissen and et. al., 2017).
Effects of drug usage on children and teenagers
As per viewpoint of Martin Plant (2020) A teenager undergoes physiological and
behavioral adjustments during teenage. Besides the physical changes with which the teenager's

brain grows, he also learns ways of working better. One way of doing so is to remove redundant
synaptic connections among various parts of brain. The adult brain can be more concentrated and
effective with this form of mental pruning. Teenage years are necessary for a healthy cognitive
function as just an adult, so a strict safe conduct during these years is crucial. Substance
addiction may have short-term implications for the human brain ability to function and inhibit
healthy development. The classification of medications includes alcohol, cigarettes and other
substances that have adverse effects and are not safe. In context of consequences of drug use, it
has been said that consuming alcoholic beverages through children and teens will cause serious
damage to liver, heart and other physical and health problems. When they are addicted to many
other drug substances such as cocaine and heroin, they may influence the mental health of others
because they don't want to be involved in social or other activities (Khokhar and et. al., 2017).
Substance addiction at any age may be a significant cause of health consequences, but substance
abuse adolescents are especially at risk. Young people who use drugs are more likely to
experience addiction and permanent brain harm later in life. Teenager’s who misuse drugs are
more likely to experience social problems, depression, suicide and crime. According to a new
report by the Administration for Drug Abuse and Mental Health, young people abusing
medications are more likely to commit criminal activities, for example cheating and stealing,
than those who use narcotics. On the other hand, Young people who misuse drugs are likely to
suffer injury or death due to auto accidents. One research showed that 4 to 14% of drivers injured
or killed in road collisions test THC positive. Medicines that contain report are five times more
likely to have sex than teenagers who do not use drugs. Drug addiction can impair short and
long-term memory and cause learning and memory issues later in life. Teens who take
medications with needles increase their risk of blood-borne diseases such as HIV, AIDS and
Hepatitis B. It leads to increased chances of TSD, puberty and sexual assault.
Jeff Johnson (2020), the threat of developing infection can be raised by drug use. Use of
sharing injection devices or unhealthy behaviors including use of condom-less intercourse can
result in HIV and hepatitis C. Heart infections and their valves (endocardsis), and skin infections
(cellulite), after infections caused by bacteria by injection drug use can arise. Drug use is
frequently co-existent with other psychiatric illnesses. There may be psychiatric disorders before
the abuse, for example, anxiety depression or schizophrenia. For other cases, the use of
medications can cause or worsen these disorders of mental wellbeing, for particular in people

with different vulnerabilities. The minds of young people develop and grow beyond mid 20's. It
relates especially to prefrontal cortex used for decision taking. Taking the medicines
when teenagers can be interfere with brain growth. Their decision-making may be affected. They
can do risky things including unsafe sex and reckless driving more often. Previous young people
began taking drugs; they are more likely to use them because become dependent on them later on
in life. While they are young, drugs may help improve adult health problems including such
heart disease, high blood stress, and sleep disorders (Lemonnier and et. al., 2017). Drug misuse
can lead to anxiety, depression, low mood, suicide attempts, and schizophrenia, or may mask
emotional problems. Yes, 34.6 percent of adolescents with high depression report medications.
Hydrobromic usage can also sadly increase severity of these emotional issues. Hormones are
able to transform the teen's anger to overdrive. Unfortunately, brain development is typically
more susceptible to harm. It means alcohol and drug tests can have permanent, damaging effects
on your young person's health.
Impacts of increasing rate of drug usage by children on the society and family
As per opinion of Isaac Alexis (2020) the clear and well known effects on lifelong
substance abusers of substances are alcohol and drug dependency. Long drug abuse and/or
alcohol that deteriorate the physical health of a individual, interfere with his mindset and harm
the overall spirit. The abuse of drugs through an individual is in some way influenced
through families of abusers, especially family members and sometimes widespread family
members as well. Suffering impacts the wellbeing of households, physical health and mental
well-being. If addiction occurs later in life, effects of the drug abuse on family members are a
further concern, as multiple family functions have been strongly established. There are
difficulties in situation due to the boring divide among parent-child relations and parent-friendly
relations. Addiction and the family are connected, but perhaps none suffers as often as children
between all family members who are influenced by a dependent illness. Drug addiction can be
felted long after childhood and far into adulthood for family members, particularly children
living with the addicted parent. Drug addiction applies to the financial side of family members
such as children. A child may be undertrained and starving because of financial harm of
addiction. In highly unstable house, children from alcoholics and drug abusers also tend to grow.
In such situations children are unable to decide which parent they get (drinking or poisoned) at a
certain particular time and therefore remain self-sufficient when adult supervision is deemed

appropriate. Those who are nearest to drug addict are hit hardest. For families with at least one
person is addicted to drugs, growing trends emerge. These models include high critical levels
and/or negativism in households, parental incoherence or denial of drug addiction in case of
parents. Misdirected wrath between family members who prescribe narcotics and who do not
abuse themselves is normal, as is the technique for dealing with family discord. The main cause
of drugs use is much more than 75% and 80% of all abuse cases by children cites drugs or
alcohol as principal reason in all foster placements (Locher and et. al., 2017). Substance abuse
rates are much higher for youth in foster care than in comparative populations. Higher levels of
child custody losses are related to different drug forms. In case of untreated mothers, for
example, less than 10 % of children who become addicted to drug live at age of five. And
unfortunately, drug-dependent children are eight times more likely than adults for using drugs.
As contrary to this, Krystina Murray (2020) many people fined the battle against a drug
dependency to be personal experience. Due to the devastating implications of harmful substances
on the user, many would not take both these people into account the effects of addiction on
family. The emotional losses and social, legal, medical and other effects of partners, families
who have experienced a family member are dealing with addiction the short-term and longer-
term consequences of drug abuse and alcohol abuse. The burden of drug and alcohol addiction
can break happy, caring families. Tendency and family ties are not well balanced, but it may be
much harder to marry a toxic male. Drugs and alcohol are particularly likely to ruin a long term
relationship in relationships in which only one partner has a substance abuse problem. High
suicide rates have related depression and addiction from one partner may lead to other person
taking unequal share of household responsibilities. Regardless matter how old a child is, it may
be an uncomfortable rude awakening if the children are addicted. Moms and fathers can ask
questions about their parenting skills or decisions. There are different kinds of violence in a
particular association among addiction and the family relationships. There seems to be a horrific
continuum of alcohol abuse, sexual assault and domestic / child abuse. Several studies have
shown that use of alcohol or drugs causes a high percentage of child abuse and domestic
violence. Many studies have been shown that people who have been harmed have a higher risk
of consuming drugs or alcohol. It means that people that develop up in home to drug abusing
parents have a higher risk of some kind of domestic or drug abuse that will lead to addiction
abuse or binge drinking themselves (McConnell and et. al., 2017).

Some ways to prevent children against drugs usage
As per opinion of Rupal Christine Gupta (2020) while teenagers from all walks of life use
unpleasant and toxic chemicals, some teenagers are more likely than the others to become
addicted. Teenagers who fight anxiety or depression are likely to be relieved by chemicals.
Teenagers and children who are transfer or travel around schools may feel overwhelmed and
isolated. They may turn to drug to distract from the emotions. The more likely they will develop
and sustain drug use disorder later on in life in the event of adolescent or juvenile drug abuse, the
sooner they start. For example, a teenager who is 16 will easily develop tolerance with
prescription drug. Sometimes in few weeks or months, tolerance leads to dependency. After an
addiction has developed, a total drug abuse disorder can grow through age of 20 years (Mojtabai,
Olfson and Han, 2016). There are some of the effective ways to prevent children against the use
of drug mention below:
Family influence- Drug addiction prevention may begin at home. Parents should explore
the effects of drug use and alcohol abuse with their children. Speaking to children in particular as
young people, will provide a solid base on which to become conscious of the use of medicines. It
allows parents to impact children positively, while educating children regarding boundaries.
Parents support kids in teaching limits to understand when they reject something that may hurt
the others while controlling dynamics of unhealthy demand. Preventive discussions often build
deeper ties and encouragement between kids and parents. Throughout the communication
process, parents should develop continuity and guidance. Preventive communication will lead
adolescents to affirm their parental trust and make smart decisions with their habits, peers,
desires, and influences (Mokrysz and et. al., 2016).
Educational tools- Governments, community members and school workers seek to teach
the children about such a drug-free life. Most of this is to avoid the misuse of teenage drugs
before they get into adulthood or the reality. Via these educational devices, the use of adolescent
drugs has declined considerably from previous decades. It is necessary to inform teenagers about
the impact of substance addiction as they are attempting to regulate future use of drugs until they
reach maturity. Universal programs work every week to teach social, personal and
pharmaceutical resistance techniques. Selective services for young people are at higher risk of

troubled families and other health conditions. Selectivity is systems. Such training services are
aimed at teenagers with troublesome behavior.
Counseling- It is a key and effective way to discourage parents from using drugs for their
children. In advice, the counselor identifies every factor; justification and problem addictive
children face experience better treat them. There are many communication strategies, cognitive
therapy, risk management and other therapies that can empower individuals and others to support
children and avoid abuse. Some of the key benefits of therapy are the use of multiple treatments
according to the complexity and severity of children's drug abuse. It will take a little time to
make children and teenagers to feel comfortable and to get all the information they feel about use
of drugs, why they are using them or whether or not they want to give up on drugs (Patterson and
et. al., 2016).
Prevention policies can help discourage young people from developing disorder;
however, it is better to handle teens that have an issue already. Therapy places youth in hospitals
with treatment devices. For example, teens may not be aware of the underlying constant motion
as "coexisting illnesses" which may promote drug abuse. This is controlled with state-of-the-art
medicine and therapy. To order to maintain care, Detox is performed by medical professional.
Therapies or social groups can most importantly foster a sense of wellbeing and belonging
(Reinehr, 2018). Prevention programs targeted at general populations in key areas of change, like
middle school transition, can have favorable impacts even for high-risk families and adolescents.
Prevention programs also are effective when collaborative approaches, like peer discussion and
parent role-playing activities, are used that allow active participation in learning regarding drug
abuse and enhance skills. These interventions do not separate risk groups. Parents help children
learn if they ignore that which can harm them when managing the unhealthy demand dynamic.
Prevention talks often create deeper relationships and encouragement among parents and
children. Parents can series compensated in communication and also guidance which can be
followed for years. Preventative conversations could even lead adolescent to strengthen trust
with their parent and make smart decisions with habits, mates, preferences and influences.

METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is characterized as method or techniques necessary to classify,
collect, process and evaluate information regarding the topic. The research methodology enables
a person to evaluate validity and relevancy of a research critically. This segment allows the
investigator to define how well the data was obtained or processed. Furthermore, this helps
researchers to understand how data are analyzed. A structure is commonly used it to achieve a
comprehensive understanding of research methods. The research methodology is efficient way
for researchers to resolve a research problem systematically. This is research of how research is
empirically completed. Essentially, this is procedure or interaction through which researchers
predict, analyze and describe their phenomena (Richer and et. al., 2016). This section is mainly
concerned with establishing a work plan or research structure. This learns to select techniques,
scientific knowledge and tools that are valuable in solving the problem better.
The goal of the methodology is to find best way of properly understanding the
stimulatory outcomes of evaluating all the impact drugs have on children and teenagers' physical
as well as mental health. It means that children who have become drug addicts have greatest
degree of consistency when measuring the various aspects and counseling cannot help with this
situation (Riquelme, García and Serra, 2018). The various aspects of sources and search criteria
will be used in this approach. Different aspects included in the research methodology mention
below:
Sources
The sources are helpful in reducing gap in conducting an investigation effectively. Using
the authentic sources is effective in getting the positive outcomes to an investigator in a
significant manner. For collection of data and information related to effect of usage of drug on
health of children and teenagers. It is necessary for a researcher to find out the relevant as well as
accurate sources so that collected information can be valid and effective for conducted study.
The sources play a growing part in research in order to account for the various research gaps. It
was useful for an accurate understanding of subjects and of the impact of the use of drugs on
children and teenagers. Improved use of nursing and therapy has a significant role to play in
protecting children from substance use and injuries. With the higher level of primary and

secondary data sources, the productive results are obtained. Secondary data are subject to
analysis which includes more CINAHL Plus papers, PubMed databases, MEDLIN and health
sources such as nursing / academic education (nursing / academic education), Google research,
digital dissertation and theses (secondary data). There are selected databases including
biomedical reviews and abstracts in nursing journals (Schneider and Diehl, 2016). Further use is
made of terms like adolescents, drogue abusers, cognitive behavior, the control of contingencies
and other therapy that can benefit children and avoid abuse.
Search parameters
A character or list of the characters used in a question for the search engine is a search
parameter. Additional search operators are placed directly before query word or sentence without
space for intervention. In order to collection of information, there have been secondary sources
used in conducting literature review. In this, the sources used from the year 2016 to 2020 which
mainly focus on the current literature. This is effective in providing the current knowledge
related to specific subject area. There are the parameters that describe population correctly.
Within the research design, the amount of such parameters that protect population is often
calculated at a greater level. The above statistic is considered as an important part of research
analysis level. It was helpful in focusing more on current literature level to ensure that all
relevant activities have their overall growth (Tomczyk, Isensee and Hanewinkel, 2016).
Inclusion Criteria
Criteria for inclusion are considered as key characteristics of the target population to be
used by researchers to answer their research issue. Inclusion criteria are the characteristics which
future subjects should have when they are to include in study. The clinical test is very needed
through investigators to take specific account of inclusion criteria in order to conduct any kind of
health-related investigations since it provides specific information on which components have
been included and what are considered. Inclusion criteria shall be calculated by comparison to
predefined standard of properties used for defining research subjects. The criteria for inclusion
include a sharp sense of various elements that are used in study. Factors related to the use of
drugs and impact on children and young people are discussed in this study. Since children and
the teenagers can cause serious harm to liver, heart as well as other physical or health issues, the
impact of drugs is significant. Furthermore, it often creates problems to remedy an effect on

families and society. There has been considered about the different ways or measure to prevent
the teenagers and children from usage of drug so that their life can be improved and they can be
able to make their life better (Wong and Wilens, 2017).
Exclusion Criteria
Exclusion criteria are features that exonerate potential subjects from inclusion in a study.
The test protocol should document the reason for selection of exclusion criteria. The exclusion of
such groups can affect degree to which the test results are applicable to the correct pediatric
group (external validity). Investigators should include this when designing test to prevent
needless exclusion. It was decided by default in context to classify topics to draw upon studies.
These are aspects that cannot have any impact on corresponding reproach. Many technical
developments not intermediate have been included in the exclusion criteria. It has been identified
in investigation, with participant being eligible to rule on non-participant. The experiments have
no interaction with adults or companies because the impact on genetic problems and the
environment is not known (McCabe and et. al., 2017).
Sample design
Sample design will be chosen or road map which forms basis for choosing a sample for
the survey and also influences several other critical parts of the survey. A sample framework
must be defined, which represents a population of interest to draw from. The design of the
sample determines the probability of drawing for each possible sample. The procedure used to
pick sample size for analysis is usually referred to in the sample design methods. Population, the
study area, the sample unit and the sampling target must be example in the form before sample
design methods can be regarded. Both of these will affect the methods for sample design.
Choosing an appropriate sample design method makes sure that samples use to gather money and
time can support lessons want to draw (Chadi, Bagley and Hadland, 2018). Using an unsuitable
sample design method, samples which are partial to evaluation or able to monitor objectives can
result. Survey researchers are successful in seeking some kind of knowledge by surveying some
fascinating population and world. In the process sampling cases, systematic sampling is typically
used when in real time data are gathered during process activity throughout this study random
sampling is impossible if 20 teenagers are chosen as a sample size in addition to establish greater
understandable and precise awareness of the side effects of medications because they are also

unable to learn how they vary. The main reason behind using the random sampling method is
that this gives the equal chance to choose respondents for collection of information. Factors
related to use of the drug and impact on children and teenagers are identified. As effect of drugs
has been largely damaged through children and the teenagers such as liver, heart and some other
physical and health problems can be damaged. Sampling is achieved in better way, thereby
making us conscious of the use of drugs, their effects, their value in knowing children while
spending time together with children with a great company etc.

DATA ANALYSIS
The data analysis is described as most important field for an investigation, as this helps
the whole research in the right way to obtain accurate and reliable results. This part of the study
therefore analyzes the collected information accurately and appropriately to obtain accurate and
reliable results. Data analysis is characterized as the inspection, cleaning, transformation,
modeling and modeling process with primary purpose of finding the relevant data to inform the
decision-making conclusion. The main aim of such a section of study is to collect sufficient
information and to make appropriate decision which is consistent with data analysis. Moreover,
data analyzes are effective in providing the researcher with an appropriate direction to help the
whole investigation achieve the main findings. This research analyzes the effects which drugs
usages have on children and teenagers. The analysis is therefore a large area of investigation
where analyzes are required to evaluate useful information that will create a value for detection
in turn. In order to analyze the information, there has been thematic analysis use in which MS-
excel sheet has been prepared to develop graph and after then there is a make interpretation of
information.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Q 1) Do you ever addicted to the usage of drug?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 2) What are the issues faced by you from using the drug?
a) Medical disorders
b) Lower self esteem
c) Mental disabilities
Q 3) What are the different kinds of drug?
a) Opium-related painkillers
b) Stimulants
c) Depressants
d) Hallucinogens

Q 4) What are the signs that signifies you are the using the drugs?
a) Interests
b) Appearance
c) Eating and sleeping habits
d) Memory problems
Q 5) What are the different causes which make you to use of drug?
a) Depression
b) Loneliness feeling
c) Boredom
Q 6) What are the symptoms related to the addictive drugs?
a) Managing difficult emotions
b) Brain damage
c) Dry mouth
Q 7) Do you face complexities in searching the job and also working as a drug addicted?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 8) Does the drug addiction impact on the mental and physical health of children and
teenagers?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 9) Which factors are associated with drugs usage of drugs addiction?
a) Risk taking
b) Attitude to show others
c) Changing lifestyle
Q 10) What is the impact of drug usage on the children and teenagers?
a) Poor judgment
b) Mental health disorders.
c) Impaired driving
d) Changes in school performance
Q 11) Do you feel any sickness and anxiety after stop to take the drugs?
a) Yes

b) No
Q 12) Can the drug make changes in your personality permanently?
a) Yes
b) No
Q 13) Recommend ways to remove the addiction about use of drug by children and
teenagers.
DATA SHEET
Q 1) Do you ever addicted to the usage of drug? Frequency
a) Yes 15
b) No 5
Q 2) What are the issues faced by you from using the drug? Frequency
a) Medical disorders 10
b) Lower self esteem 5
c) Mental disabilities 5
Q 3) What are the different kinds of drug? Frequency
a) Opium-related painkillers 4
b) Stimulants 6
c) Depressants 5
d) Hallucinogens 5
Q 4) What are the signs that signifies you are the using the drugs? Frequency
a) Interests 5
b) Appearance 5
c) Eating and sleeping habits 5
d) Memory problems 5
Q 5) What are the different causes which make you to use of drug? Frequency
a) Depression 12
b) Loneliness feeling 5
c) Boredom 3
Q 6) What are the symptoms related to the addictive drugs? Frequency

a) Managing difficult emotions 10
b) Brain damage 5
c) Dry mouth 5
Q 7) Do you face complexities in searching the job and also working as a
drug addicted?
Frequency
a) Yes 18
b) No 2
Q 8) Does the drug addiction impact on the mental and physical health of
children and teenagers?
Frequency
a) Yes 14
b) No 6
Q 9) Which factors are associated with drugs usage of drugs addiction? Frequency
a) Risk taking 6
b) Attitude to show others 4
c) Changing lifestyle 10
Q 10) What is the impact of drug usage on the children and teenagers? Frequency
a) Poor judgment 5
b) Mental health disorders. 5
c) Impaired driving 5
d) Changes in school performance 5
Q 11) Do you feel any sickness and anxiety after stop to take the drugs? Frequency
a) Yes 16
b) No 4
Q 12) Can the drug make changes in your personality permanently? Frequency
a) Yes 15
b) No 5
THEME 1: Ever addicted to usage of drug
Q 1) Do you ever addicted to the usage of drug? Frequency
a) Yes 15

b) No 5
a) Yes b) No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 15
5
Interpretation: It has been interpreted from the above-mentioned information that there are 15
respondents and they said that they are addicted to use of the drug on regular basis. From the
different factors they use the drugs and this impact on their mental as well as Physical health.
There are 5 respondents which are not addicted of use and they never used the drug.
THEME 2: Issues faced by you from using drug
Q 2) What are the issues faced by you from using the drug? Frequency
a) Medical disorders 10
b) Lower self esteem 5
c) Mental disabilities 5

a) Medical disorders b) Lower self esteem c) Mental disabilities
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
10
5 5
Interpretation: On the basis of 10 respondents that the main issue faced through the teenager
from using drug is medical disorders. They are not capable to understand anything or sense of
anything. On the basis of 5 respondents that Lower self esteem issues in order to using different
drug. There are 5 respondents which are agreeing with the mental disabilities. In this, the drug
impacts negatively on the mental abilities of the teenager.
THEME 3: Different kinds of drug
Q 3) What are the different kinds of drug? Frequency
a) Opium-related painkillers 4
b) Stimulants 6
c) Depressants 5
d) Hallucinogens 5

a) Opium-related
painkillers b) Stimulants c) Depressants d) Hallucinogens
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
4
6
5 5
Interpretation: It has been examined that there are different types of drugs which the teenagers
use. On the basis of 4 respondents that opium related painkillers are the main drugs. In this, the
teenagers take the pain killers as a drug. According to 6 respondents that stimulates are the main
drug that the teenagers use. It mainly causes the energy, wakefulness and also concentration. The
stimulates are said to give belief to enhance the performance and productivity while developing
excited pleasure. This stimulates are made with adaptive and high potential for the ambulance.
There are 5 remaining respondents and according to them depression are more usable drugs as in
this it create the relaxation and tiredness feeling. These are not only addictive drug but also more
dangerous. 5 respondents are agreeing with hallucinogens.
THEME 4: Signs that signifies you are using the drugs
Q 4) What are the signs that signifies you are the using the drugs? Frequency
a) Interests 5
b) Appearance 5
c) Eating and sleeping habits 5
d) Memory problems 5

a) Interests b) Appearance c) Eating and
sleeping habits d) Memory
problems
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5 5 5 5
Interpretation: On the basis of 5 respondents that the main sign of using the drug is interest. In
this the drug addicted teenagers lost their interest and also not generate the interest in new things
which are not beneficial to them. On the basis of 5 respondents that appearance is main issue.
There are 5 respondents and they said that changes in the eating and the sleeping habits are bad
for their health and this signifies that teenager using drug. On the basis of 5 respondents that the
memory problem is a main issue because in this teenager is not remember about the things.
THEME 5: Causes which make you to use of drug
Q 5) What are the different causes which make you to use of drug? Frequency
a) Depression 12
b) Loneliness feeling 5
c) Boredom 3

a) Depression b) Loneliness feeling c) Boredom
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
12
5
3
Interpretation: There are various causes that make a person to drug use. There are 12
respondents and according to them depression is a main to use of the drug. The teenager faces
the problem of depression and there is no one to support them and in this situation and they take
the drugs. On the basis of 5 respondents that feeling of loneliness is main cause of drug use in
which a teenager is feeling alone and not able to share their opinions and thinking with the other
person. There are 3 respondents which are agreeing with the boredom cause.
THEME 6: Symptoms related to the addictive drugs
Q 6) What are the symptoms related to the addictive drugs? Frequency
a) Managing difficult emotions 10
b) Brain damage 5
c) Dry mouth 5

a) Managing difficult
emotions b) Brain damage c) Dry mouth
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
10
5 5
Interpretation: On the basis of 10 respondents that managing the difficult emotion is a main
symptom concerned with addictive drugs. In this, the teenager finds the complexities in order to
manage their complex or difficult emotion and this is a main symptom of use of drugs. There are
5 respondents and according to them if a person is drug addictive then there is a chance of brain
damage and this impact on their over and helpful. The symptom of addictive drug according to 5
respondents is dry mouth. If a person is addictive drugs then its mouth will be dry.
THEME 7: Face complexities in searching the job and also working
Q 7) Do you face complexities in searching the job and also working as a
drug addicted?
Frequency
a) Yes 18
b) No 2

a) Yes b) No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
18
2
Interpretation: On the basis of 18 respondents and that they face the difficulties in searching
job and working as drug addicted. The addictive drug people are not in their mind of state and
they are not able to understand everything and anything. From this manner, the company or
employer was not able to give any job responsibilities to a drug addicted person. There are 2
remaining respondents which are not agreeing with the given statement.
THEME 8: Drug addiction impact on the mental and physical health
Q 8) Does the drug addiction impact on the mental and physical health of
children and teenagers?
Frequency
a) Yes 14
b) No 6

a) Yes b) No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
14
6
Interpretation: There are 14 respondents and according to them the drug addiction develops the
negative impact on their mental as well as Physical health. The children and teenagers both are
addictive to drug and from this they are not able to do any physical activity and also not able to
think any beneficial thing. 6 respondents are disagreeing with this statement.
THEME 9: Factors are associated with drugs usage of drugs addiction
Q 9) Which factors are associated with drugs usage of drugs addiction? Frequency
a) Risk taking 6
b) Attitude to show others 4
c) Changing lifestyle 10

a) Risk taking b) Attitude to show
others c) Changing lifestyle
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
6
4
10
Interpretation: There are different factors related to use of drug and addiction of it. There are 6
respondents and they said that the risk taking is a main factor that is related to use of drug of
teenager and children. On the basis of 4 respondents that from the drug addiction for the
teenagers and the children’s show the attitudes to other people and this is not effective. There are
10 respondents and they said that changing lifestyle of a drug addict person influence them.
THEME 10: Impact of drug usage
Q 10) What is the impact of drug usage on the children and teenagers? Frequency
a) Poor judgment 5
b) Mental health disorders. 5
c) Impaired driving 5
d) Changes in school performance 5

a) Poor judgment b) Mental health
disorders. c) Impaired driving d) Changes in
school performance
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5 5 5 5
Interpretation: There are 5 respondents and they said that the impact of drug use on Children
and teenager is poor judgment. In this, the drug addicted children and teenagers are not able to
judge anything in a positive and a negative manner. 5 respondents said that from the use of drug
there is mental health disorder arises and two children and teenagers and from this they are not
able to think regarding anything. 5 respondents are agreeing with impaired driving. The drug
addicted people are not able to drive in a better way. 5 respondents are agreeing with changing in
performance in school. If our children is drug acting with and it is not able to perform in school
and give their better result.
THEME 11: Feel any sickness and anxiety after stop to take drugs
Q 11) Do you feel any sickness and anxiety after stop to take the drugs? Frequency
a) Yes 16
b) No 4
Interpretation: On the basis of 16 respondents that the addictive people feel the sickness as well
anxiety after stopping to take drugs. If a person wants to stop the use of drug then it face some
kind of anxiety and also feel the sickness for some time. After this, person feels good and also
develops a positive impact on their mental as well as Physical health. There are 4 respondents
which are not agreeing with this.

THEME 12: Drug makes changes in your personality permanently
Q 12) Can the drug make changes in your personality permanently? Frequency
a) Yes 15
b) No 5
Interpretation: On the basis of 15 respondents that if person takes the drug then this make
changes in their personality on permanent basis because to stop the use of drug is difficult and
this develops negative influence on their mental and Physical health. From taking the drug the
personality and appearance of a person changes on permanent basis. 5 remaining respondents
and disagree with this.

OUTCOMES
The systematic literature review examined about impact of the use of drugs on the
children and teenagers. In conducting the literature review on there has been secondary sources
used books, articles, journals and others. The outcomes are based on the literature review for that
provides information about conducting an information or investigation in a systematic manner.
In the literature review part, there has been examined that the drug addiction is not
beneficial for the mental as well as Physical health of teenagers and children. There has been
analyzed about the different factors which are related with the use of drugs to children and
teenagers such as attention, lack of education anxiety, competition and the environmental factors.
If a person is addicted to use of drug then this impact on its mental health and also not able to
think in a Better manner. From this, there are different forms of behavior examined in the
children and teenagers and decision making and the problem solving. Children as comparison to
the teenagers are more dangerous because their brain and also reward system are more active in
their limbic system. This has been examined there are percent of teenagers Head consume the
illegal drugs and 40% smoked the secrets and 20% use of the controlled drugs. On the other
hand, this has been discussed that there are 25% of the teenager claim that their parents their
parents gave them different drugs or alcohol. Attention is one of the main factors that impact of
children to use of the drug. The teenagers want more attention and there to not feel more
confident. This kind of emotion can lead to substance use. On the other hand there are many
children and teenagers are growing up and believing that the consumption of alcohol and drugs is
common. They mainly follow the bad habit people and also think that this is cool to take the
drugs which negatively impact on their health.
This has been examined that there is a negative impact of use of drugs on Children and
teenagers. It is necessary for the parents to take care of the children’s and also take care of their
habits so that they can live their life in a better manner. The parents are identifying their children
that they use the drug by changes in their physical activities and also way of learning. The brain
of teenager can be concentrated as well as effective with mental pruning. The main consequences
of the use of drug are that the teenager and children cause serious issue of liver damage our
health problems on heart issues and others. If they are addicted to take the heroin and cocaine

then this influence on their mental health and they are not able to include in the social activities.
There are some disorders arising from use of drugs and the person is not in their sense. From this
the decision-making of the children and the teenagers infected they do the risky things consisting
the reckless driving former unsafe sex and others. It is necessary for the parents to focus on the
health of children and also the routine activities so they do not involve any kind of illegal
activities.
It has been examined from the information mentioned in literature review that there is a
negative impact of increasing rate of use of drugs through children on the family and Society.
From this, the family infected a lot when the children or teenagers start to take the drugs. In
regards to this abuse of the drug by a person is in some way impacted to the families of drug
abuse. This has been examined that the drug addiction can be felted long after the childhood and
also adulthood for the family home especially children living with the addicted parents also that
drug addiction mainly applies to financial side of the family like children. Tendency and family
relationships are not healthy, but marriage to a toxic male can be even harder. In interactions
with only one partner who has a substance addiction problem, drug and alcohol are especially
likely to ruin a long-term relationship. High suicide rates are correlated with depression and one
partner's addiction can lead to a disproportionate share of household responsibilities. No matter
how old a kid is, if the kids are addicted, it can be painful. Alcohol or substance use leads to a
high proportion of child and domestic violence. The risk of drugs or alcohol is greater for people
who have been hurt. It means that people who grow up to parents who take drugs in their homes
are at greater risk of domestic or drug abuse, leading to abuse or binge drinking.
This has been evaluated that it is necessary to take the appropriate steps to prevent the
children from use of drug. Teenagers who face the anxiety and the depression issues are likely to
live through the chemicals. They are likely to developed and sustain the drug use disorder in life.
There has been studied some ways which help the children and teenagers to stop to use of drug.
The influence of family is helpful in stop the use of truck to children. It is necessary for the
parents to check the daily routine of the children and also communicate with them. The support
of parent to the children is helpful for them to stop to use of drugs and make their life better. The
preventive communication with helpful for the teenagers to take the smart decisions and also
develop the trust. On the other hand, community members, School workers and government seek

to teach children regarding the negative impact to use of the drug. Many of these neglect use of
the teenager drugs before they are involved in the adulthood. This is necessary to inform the
teenagers regarding impact of use of drugs on their mental and Physical health. There has been
many Universal programs conducted that teach about the negative impact to use of the drugs.
These selective services for the young people at the higher risk their travel the family members
and their health conditions. Other than this, there has been examined that counseling is one of the
effective way that discourage the parents from use of drug for the children’s. There are different
communication strategies of Management and the cognitive therapies which empowers the
person and others to support the children as well as teenagers main benefit to use of therapy is
that the person for teenagers feel comfortable and they are able to understand the things and
make their life simpler. There has been discussed that the prevention policies can be helpful in
discourages the young people from the developing disorder and handle the teenagers to stop to
use of drugs. With therapy places the teenagers in the hospitals with the treatment devices.

CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above mentioned report that use of drug develops the
negative impact on the health of the person. It is necessary for the parents to take the appropriate
actions in order to prevent the children from use of drugs. This makes the life of children and
teenagers bad. In order to conducting the information, there has been Aim and objectives
developed on the basis of the specific subject area. There has been literature review part
conducted in which the information has been collected by using the information from secondary
sources such as books, internet sources, articles and others. The main reason behind using the
secondary sources in literature review that it provides the relevant information and the detailed
data stick guarding the specific subject area. This method is effective because it is time saving as
well as cost saving. There has been considered the different opinions as well as viewpoints of the
different authors. In conducting the literature review part, there has been detailed analysis of the
research objectives. In conducting the research methodology part, there have been different
methods used. Research methodology is one of the effective parts that help in collection of
Information and analyze them in an effective manner. There has been primary and secondary
both the data collection method used. In the primary method, there has been questionnaire
developed that consists the different questions related to effect of drug use by the teenagers and
children. From developing the questionnaire, there have been 20 teenagers choosing to fill the
questionnaire and also take their opinion regarding this. The main benefits of using the
questionnaire is that it is time saving as well as cost saving. On the other hand, in conducting the
literature review part there has been secondary sources used. In order to fill the questionnaire,
there has been 20 respondents selected which are the teenagers. There has been random data
sampling method used because this method is helpful in giving the equal chance to all the
respondents selected.

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