Factors Influencing Poverty & Healthcare

This assignment delves into the complex interplay between overpopulation and its impact on societal factors such as poverty, politics, and healthcare. Students are tasked with examining how birth and death rates influence these aspects, considering the broader implications of population growth. The analysis should encompass various contributing factors and their consequences for individuals and communities.

Running head: EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 1
Effects of Overpopulation on Cost Of Living
Name
Institution

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 2
Chapter1: INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................3
Background..................................................................................................................................3
Statement of the Problem.............................................................................................................5
Aims and Objectives....................................................................................................................6
Justification of the Research Proposal.........................................................................................6
Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................7
Conceptual Framework................................................................................................................8
The figure 1.1 above is a conceptual framework adopted from Knowles, (2016)...................9
The figure 1.2 above is adopted from Kopnina, & Meijers, (2014).......................................11
Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.................................................................................11
Synopsis.....................................................................................................................................11
Data Series.................................................................................................................................12
Data Analysis Method................................................................................................................12
Observation of the Key Indicators.............................................................................................12
Appendix: ORGANISTION OF THE STUDY...........................................................................14
Organization...............................................................................................................................14
GANTT CHART........................................................................................................................14
Deliverables and Milestone.......................................................................................................15
Project Budget and Justification................................................................................................15
Summary;...................................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 3
Chapter1: INTRODUCTION
Background
Population refers to the number of organisms in an area over a given time (Simon, 2014).
Therefore, human population would refer to as the total sum of people living in a country.
Various factors not limited to access to good health care, sanitation, increased income,
technological improvements and availability of immunization as well as access to clean water
have changed the size and the structure of population(Lanrewaju, (2012 ).
Australia is among the most urbanized countries of the world with youthful population
making the better part of its population composition (Sharon, de Weck, & Dori, 2014). The
youthful composition is rapidly causing rise in dependency ratio. Currently, most youth are
finding settlement in urban areas of Australia with or without employment and as this trend
continues the level of disproportions and inequities upsurges to a considerable number in growth
and development for instance few doctors attending to many patients.
Simon (2014) posits that the population of any place at any given time should have
available food to sustain it for a longer period of time. Therefore the question of availability of
food and population growth need to be taken seriously by the government simply because there
is a direct link between food and population growth. The world demographic statistics point at
serious change in population even though the changes are not uniform across the countries
because of various factor faced by individual country.
Effects of overpopulation on the cost living are of great import to study bearing in mind
the weight it has on the humanity in Australia. Human overpopulation is predominantly among
the most pressing environmental matters accelerating the skyrocketing of the cost of living.

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 4
Overpopulation has seen consumption and use of natural resources at speeds faster than their
renewal. It has brought to effect the following; inadequacy of fresh water. According to UN-
Water, 75% of the planet earth is covered by water. This 75% is further sub-divided into fresh
and salty water whereby only 1% makes the fresh water that is accessible for direct human
consumption. Therefore, according to the projections by UN, by 2025 the demand for water is
likely to increase to 70% thereby putting the humanity at stake.
The stake here is seen as global water crisis people are likely to face by 2030 since the
use is at faster rate than that the rate of replenishment. Secondly, increased human diseases is as
a result of high population growth this according to World Health Organization. According to
Van den Eede, Heffernan, Aylwar, Hobson, Neels, Mueller, & Covaci, (2015), overpopulation
aggravates several social and environmental factors not limited to crowded living conditions,
malnutrition and pollution which cause strain on the limited health care consequently increasing
the cost of health. Thirdly, natural resource depletion comes to the fore when human population
bursts. Natural resources like fresh water reduce due to overconsumption by the ever swelling
population. Fourth, increased crime rate is witnessed as the exploding population demands and
competes for the slimming resources.
When competition for the few resources increases, vices like theft comes into play for
survival consequently the cost of security elevates. The research proposal will revolve around the
effects of overpopulation on the cost of living and the adoptions to control overpopulation in
Australia as an urbanized country with a range of pressures resulting from population growth.
This study will and look at green house emission leading to global warming and then on the cost
of living and possibly see if there is need to have the Australian population (Van den Eede,
Heffernan, Aylward, Hobson, Neels, Mueller & Covaci, 2015).

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 5
The work will consist of three sections; section I which has the introduction, Problem
Statement, Aims and Objective, and Justification of Research proposal. Section II contains
Conceptual Framework, Theory (hypothesis) of the Research and Methodology. Section III will
have the Organization of the Study, Gantt chart and the proposal’s Budget.
Statement of the Problem
Overpopulation, today, is regarded as one of the major concerns of the world. Toth and
Szigeti (2016), holds that the population of a nation rises as it grows as a result of different
influences like good medical health care. But when a countries ‘carrying limit’ is exceeded, it
begins to face various severe challenges not limited to high unemployment, and natural resource
exhaustion leading to a considerable rise in the cost living. The population growth rate in the
world is rising at an alarming speed during past few years. Research has shown that the world
population has doubled over between 1959-1999. Population has been approximated to be at
50% by 2038 and further projected to be at 10 billion by 2050 in the entire world (Rosa and
Dietz, 2012)
Although many nations suffer from the population increase, it differs from developed to
developing countries. It is comparatively slower in developed countries than in developing
nations like in EU (0.23%), US (0.81%) compared to (India 1.19%, Afghanistan 2.34%, and
Bangladesh-1.05%). Moreover, the rate of population increase is not uniform across the
countries. Simon (2014), maintains that the undeveloped nations are hurt more from the problem
of population explosion as than to developed countries. According to Fletcher, Breitling and
Puleo, (2014), excess population leads to faster exhaustion of natural resources. Consequently,
an imbalance in demand and supply of resources occurs thereby the cost of living phenomenally
rises. Today, the cost of living is rising in developed as well as developing countries alike for

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 6
instance by end 2017, cost of living is expected to rise by 6% in United Kingdom. Likewise,
cost of living index is observed in the Asian countries causing the top cities in these countries
considerably expensive for living (Toth and Szigeti, 2016).
Upsurge in the cost of living in the world can be directly attributed to faster increase in
the population (Lanrewaju, 2012). This global predicament is coming about because of the
increase in settlement causes rise in the value of land which makes it unaffordable to the low
income earners. These poor people and the less privileged are therefore, unable to access proper
housing with good plumbing, electricity and proper heating since they can only afford slums
with little or no facilities hence subjected to substandard living.
Objectives
The object of this research Study is intended to examine the effect of over-growing
population on the cost of living globally.
The following are the objectives of the Study are as follows;
 Identify and examine the theories related to overpopulation and cost of living
 Pinpoint elements contributing to rapid growth in population in various countries
 Analyze the cost of living of countries with population explosion
Justification of the Research Proposal
Overpopulation is a widespread catastrophe in waiting. Both the developing and the
developed countries are on the brink of this dangerous thing that if no measures are taken to put
it into check, then humanity will irrecoverably be fixed in a perpetual misery of unknown
boundaries. Overpopulation is threatening the cost of living. It is causing an increase in the cost
of living because the as the population increases, the resources required are not regenerated at the

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 7
same rate therefore, the resources are growing scarcer to sustain the doubling population. For
instance when population rises, demand for more settlement increases with no increase in the
size of land consequently, housing become inadequate and expensive.
Many people will resort to slum dwelling where life is unworthy living (Lanrewaju,
2012). Therefore, there is need for a study such as this that can help combat explosion of human
population. Governments can make good use of the study to establish relationship between cost
of living and overpopulation and thereby make policies to guard population growth. This study is
overly important to salvage man across the globe from the silently looming misery. Finally this
study will go a long way in assisting the researchers on the ways to find solutions to the
challenges related to overpopulation in Australia. Also, it will enlighten and familiarize the
society on the detrimental effects of overpopulation on the cost of living.
Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Overpopulation is already a problem with world that if initial steps are taken to fix the
causes then then whole world may risk running into a terrible situation. The purpose of this
review is to discuss the impact of population explosion in relation to the cost of living.
Overpopulation has resulted into; over exhaustion of natural resource. As the population grows
need for consumption increases thereby piling pressure on the resources available hence the
resources grow scarcer. When scarcity comes in, demand increases which finally will reflect on
expensive price of resources like land; increased cost of living. Unhygienic environment.
Countries with overcrowded people tend to be dirty as a result of several activities compounded
with human wastes. This, therefore increases costs on waste collection which is again reflected
on the lives of those people. Lawlessness reigns in areas where there population explosion and

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 8
this results in employment of security personnel and other security facilities like CCTvs. This in
turn is felt by the common people of such countries.
Today, population is increasing at an alarming rate than never. Various countries are
populating without measures that something ought to be done as the study is going to reveal the
consequences if something is left to chance like those that are highlighted by Malthus in his
articles. In Malthus articles not only mentions the negatives of overpopulation but also clearly
highlights the positive effects that overpopulation has caused. Many countries have believed that
overpopulation is a lesser problem than others and therefore, take little measures to contain it.
They lazily handle it while food prices rise because of scarcity, health care is filthy, quality of
education is degraded and generally the quality of lives are getting worse than before.
Conceptual Framework
Independent
variable:
birth rate,
death rate
Dependent
variable:
poverty,
politics,
healthcare
Overpopul
ation

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 9
The figure 1.1 above is a conceptual framework adopted from Knowles, (2016).
Thomas Malthus communicated his views about population and how it affected the future
improvement in the society. He protested views that perfect state could achieved if restraints on
human are removed. Malthus suggested that instead pressure would piled against the available
resources like food if population would be left to grow without control which would finally bring
misery in the world. The theory explains the relationship between supply in food and human
population growth. Human population grows faster than food regeneration and if left
uncontrolled, would ultimately bring untold suffering. Malthusian stated that;
Human beings are naturally inclined to sex therefore, increase faster in number i.e. in
geometric progression, doubles after every 25th year. For example, in successive years the
population would be 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32… (After 200 years). On the contrary, food supply rises in
arithmetic progression due to the law of diminishing return bearing the fact that land remains
constant hence food supply in the successive years would be 1,2,3,4,5,6,7…( in 200 years’ time).
Since population and food supply increases in the opposite directions, population outruns food
supply and then a state of imbalance comes in to bring overpopulation (Rosa & Dietz, 2012).
To control the imbalance, Malthus came up with the following checks; man to put in
place celibacy, late marriage, sexual restraint and should people ignore the checks then the
following vices would come into play to reduce population growth; misery, wars, theft, diseases
and pestilence.

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 10
Arithmetical
progression: 1,2,3,4,5…
in 200yrs
Geometrical
progression:
1,2,4,8,16…in 200yrs
Overpopulation
(imbalance)
Correction
Preventive
checks:
abstinence
from sex,
celibacy etc.
Positive
checks:
diseases,
wars ,death
etc.

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 11
The figure 1.2 above is adopted from Kopnina, & Meijers, (2014).
The figure above summarizes theory of Malthusian that explains the relationship between
overpopulation and cost of living.
Regarding the aforementioned Problem Statement and Objectives, the following research
assumptions can be verified:
 H(1): Null hypothesis: Population increase has no impact on the cost of living
 H(2) : Alternate hypothesis: Population increase does impact on the cost of living
Chapter 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Synopsis
The following methods will be employed so as to successfully analyze the objects of this
research proposal. In this research proposal, it will be essential to extensively examine secondary
data on the cost living as well as overpopulation. There are numerous aspects linked with the
upswing in cost of living. In order to understand and elucidate how these aspects bring about
change in cost of living, then examination of each is indispensable. Different aspects concerning
the cost of living will be picked from different countries and analyzed. For overpopulation as
well, there many factors related to it. Research shall be carried out on these aspects from the
selected books and journals and the relation between overpopulation and cost of living will be
established(Warburton, Christensen,2013) Online data bases, books and journals will be used to
collect secondary data connected to the cost of living and overpopulation. Also, online
government records will be used to assemble information on the change on population from
different countries.

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 12
Data Series
Research will be conducted using primary data collection and qualitative method will be
used in such collection. Several information collected will be subjected to scrutiny to a thought
on population increase. Questionnaires will also be prepared and distributed out to the target
group.
Data Analysis Method
Two methods will be employed to analyze data i.e. Qualitative and Quantitative methods.
Qualitative take into consideration interviews with specialists who possess the required
information in the related disciplines shall be done (Lewis, 2015). Non probability sampling will
also shall be used to first-rate the interviewees and then organize a group discussion with the
experts so as to get comprehensive insight on the subject of the study. Quantitative will use
figures, pie charts, and mathematical as well as statistical methods, for instance descriptive
statistics like mean, standard deviation and median. Regression analysis will also be instrumental
in measuring to what extent does population increment affect cost of living (Ott & Longnecker,
2015).
Observation of the Key Indicators
Examination of information from the National Bureau of Human Statistics that looks into
the demographic dynamics Australia. This study will consider a combination of the
aforementioned methodologies so as to point at the exact solution of the problem as highlighted
in the statement of the problem. Responses from the surveys and questionnaires will be arranged
and grouped depending on different influences so as to reach at the relevant findings e.g.

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 13
population-related effects, strategies implemented and multivariate analysis of the factors
affecting population will be analyzed and then presented.

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 14
Appendix: ORGANISTION OF THE STUDY
Organization
 Chapter One: Research Proposal.
 Chapter Two : Overpopulation in detail., shall be herein described
 Chapter Three : Methodology which includes; methods of collecting data, data series, surveys,
literature reviews, observing of main indicators of population and methods of data examination.
 Chapter Four: Findings and analysis of the proposed research.
 Chapter Five: The summary of the findings and recommendation.
GANTT CHART
The table below shows the timeline for the whole project to be completed as adopted from Hua,
Tian, Ying, & Sun (2014, June).
TASK START DAY END DAY DURATION
Project
proposal
1/11/2017 10/11/2017 10
Literature
review
11/11/2017 24/11/2017 14
Data collection 26/11/2017 10/12/2017 16
Data analysis 28/12/20117 15/12/2017 18
Report
submission
29/12/2017 18/01/2018 20

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 15
Deliverables and Milestone
Project proposal
Literature review
Data collection
Data analysis
Report submission
Project Budget and Justification
The budgetary allocation to run the proposed research project to completion within the
stipulated timeline as shown in the Gantt table is estimated to be around $4000. This figure is not
grilled on stone but is liable to change depending on how circumstances will play to the
advantage of the research exercise (Farsi & Gazni, (2015).) The budget has been appropriated as
follows according to Lambin, (2017). The Literature Review: $ 1000 to incur costs for textbooks,
online resources and journal articles. Data Collection: $ 2000, to incur costs on surveys and
questionnaires which involve traveling, printing and mailing. Data analysis: $ 1000, to cater for
costs on software (SPSS), charts and experts’ advice for analysis.
Summary;
Purpose Estimation ($)
Literature Review 1000
Data Collection 2000
Data Analysis 1000
Total 4000
1/11 10
11/11 14
26/11 16
28/12 18
29/12 20

EFFECTS OF OVERPOPULATION ON COST OF LIVING 16
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