Efficacy of Wrapping Techniques PDF
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Added on 2020-11-12
Efficacy of Wrapping Techniques PDF
Added on 2020-11-12
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Efficacy of Wrapping Techniques duringDXA Scanning in Cerebral Palsy Children
TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................1REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTIONDefinition of Cerebral Palsy (CP) – Today, CP has become very common in children. It is aneurological disorder that is non progressive in nature and lead to causing disorders of movementand posture. It occurs due to insult to immature brain. But the definition needs to be revised. CPcan be classified in three categories that are physiological, topographical and etiological(Kakooza-Mwesige, Forssberg and Tumwine, 2015). It consists of different factors such asprenatal, antenatal and postnatal depending on various pathological and physiological factors. Inchildren, CP is identified easily by variables like GMCFS. CP mostly occurs in childhood due to physical disability. It is important to knowepidemiology of CP before finding out its prevalence. According to research conducted, it isobserved that CP rates lie in between 2.0 to 2.5 per 1000 births. But, it is elucidated byAustralian cerebral palsy register report (ACPR) that rate of CP is 2.1 per 1000 births. Besidesthis, many studies are done on this and it shows different results. But, Ryan, Forde and Gormley,2015, argues that CP is not a disease but a simple disorder that occurs due to neuromuscular andmusculoskeletal impairments. They lead to static and dynamic instability. The complexity of CPcan be identified by understanding its anatomy and physiology of type of CP. Difficulties in CP- A person suffering from CP may face many difficulties in day to daywork. It may put certain restrictions on the person to work. This is because; it makes the person’sphysical and mental health weak. The weakness may occur due to various patho physiologicalfactors. Its examples are seizure disorders, hearing and visual problems which include attentiondefects, emotional issues and musculoskeletal problems. There are several factors in neuro muscular pathology in CP. It has effects on the physicalhealth of child. Shortening of muscle in one. In a research, it was found that CP children skeletalmuscle does not get relaxation during activities (Chiarello, Palisano and Chang, 2016). Due tothis, the muscle tone increases. Besides this, there occurs an imbalance in between muscleagonist and antagonists. It also directly effects muscle resulting in bony torsion and instability inweight bearing joints. Thus, there is loss in bone mass due to degenerative arthritis. It formsdeformities in CP. Pathology in neuro muscular is caused by problems in upper neuron lesion. This maylead to several difficulties like loss of selective motor control, depending on primitive reflex
patterns, etc. This can lead to rise in other problems. For example – spasticity, fixed musclecontracture, etc. Some children are not able to walk due to weakness in limbs. GMFCS has developed fiveordinary levels to show the process of capacity in CP children (Hirvonen, Ojala, and Tammela,2014). The levels represent different age groups. Age groups is divided as less than 2 years, 2-4,4-6 and 6-12 years. Level one children can perform all activities with some difficulty in balanceand coordination. On the contrary, level 5 children faces difficulty in controlling their head, arm,and neck. Hence, GMCFS is highly used in CP population. CP children are having abnormal muscle tone. It occurs due to body posture or movementdisorder. It can have a great impact on body balancing mechanism. CP children also haveabnormal muscle endurance as compared to healthy people. The major problem faced by thesechildren are gait disabilities that contain stiffness in knee, crouch gait, etc. Along with this, there are many health issues that describe CP children. It can be relatedto nutritional or non-nutritional in nature that causes effects related to neuro growth (Myrhaug,Odgaard-Jensen and Jahnsen, 2017). It is because; children with motor impairment find itdifficult to swallow or feed food. This will affect their gastrointestinal function. This is thereason; they spend most of their time in sleeping. This is a sign of neuro growth effect on thechildren. It is important to consider non nutritional factors in the growth of child as it can causeabnormalities such as neuro-trophic effects, immobility, etc. It effects joint breadths, limb, etc.Other than this, the outcomes related to child health are intellectual change in cognitiveinsufficiency. In this, there is no interaction in between mental level and damaged memory.Another major disability is epilepsy that are unprovoked seizures (Cameron, Brousseau andGannotti, 2018). At times, there is the change in child behaviour. It is because of attentiondeficits or emotional issues. For example: ASD or ADHD disorders. Thus, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that CP is motor disorder. It isbecause of problems associated with it and health results. In this, effective treatment can begiven by following interdisciplinary and disciplinary practices. For example – DXA scanning isused to diagnose the bone loss in CP child.
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