Enterprise Information Architecture Reference Architecture for EHR system

The report is an analysis of electronic health record system developed by Enterprise architecture reference. It describes the conceptual and logical architecture, component relationship and interaction diagrams, operational model, challenges and possible strategies. The report also provides recommendations for the deployment of an EHR system.

HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Executive Summary
The following report is all about an analysis of electronic health record system which has been
developed by the approach of Enterprise architecture reference. This particular approach is
used on large scale basis for controlling the project from initial or beginning phase to closing
phase. In a sequential way the diagrams have been provided and they have used for describing
the essential part which is required for the development of the required system. Various
drawbacks and issues of enterprises information architecture has been described along with
possible strategies. In the end various challenges are mitigation techniques has been described
in details.
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Table of Contents
Executive Summary..........................................................................................................................ii
Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1
Enterprise Information Architecture Reference Architecture for EHR system...............................1
Conceptual architecture..............................................................................................................2
Logical architecture.....................................................................................................................6
Component Relationship Diagram...............................................................................................8
Component Interaction Diagram...............................................................................................10
Information Management and Integration...................................................................................12
Operational model.....................................................................................................................12
Challenges..................................................................................................................................14
Possible Strategies.....................................................................................................................14
Conclusion......................................................................................................................................15
Recommendations.........................................................................................................................15
References.....................................................................................................................................16
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Introduction
EIA stands for Enterprise information Architecture is considered to be an essential part
of enterprise architecture. It is designed in such a way that is can provide a framework for
sharing of data in various departments of a firm by making use of cost effective techniques
(Adenuga, Kekwaletswe and Coleman, 2015). The information system of EIA is designed in such
a way that it can take care of various issues of privacy and security which contains right kind of
information. At present various government bodies round the globe are addressing issues due
to transparency, accountability of the citizen, business and community (Adler-Milstein, Bates
and Jha, 2013). This particular report deals with EIA RA is mainly focused for developing
Electronic health record system which can easily help the various government and citizen.
In the coming pages of the report an idea has been provided regarding EIA RA
(Enterprise
Information Architecture Reference Architecture). This particular not only works in systematic
way but it is also associated with various kinds of true methods and pattern which can be used
for design of information system. A conceptual architecture, logical architecture, relationship
and interaction diagram of various component has been provided. After that an operation
model, challenges, possible strategies for overcoming problem along with recommendation has
been provided.
Enterprise Information Architecture Reference Architecture for EHR system
The benefits of EIA RA (Enterprise Information Architecture Reference Architecture)
used for development of record related to electronic health are:
Integration of various enterprise: The ultimate goal of electronic health record system
can be easily achieved by the help of EIA RA. In this architecture various components of
enterprise are checked or ensured (Bender and Sartipi, 2013). Integration of various approaches
in done at various levels. The first layer is all about interconnection of various machines and
devices. The second layer is all about business integration which comprises of controlling of
business function and various processes associated with it.
Data domains of enterprises – The approach made by EIA RA is considered to be very
helpful for providing accurate kind of response by making use of single source and providing
accurate information through a single source and accurate kind of information to the eHealth
department of the organization (Da Xu, 2014). Various kinds of services like metadata services,
operational data and lastly content data is considered to be unstructured to the single central
system by making use of single approach related to domain of data. Integration helps in achieve
central kind of services along with management of enterprise.
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Conceptual architecture
The needs of electronic health system are planned by the government of Australia. It is
considered to be a vital part of EIA RA. Conceptualism used by this architecture focus on
characterization by the help of idea and logic which is introduced from various electronic health
record (DOLCINI and Sernani, 2013). The development of electronic health record health record
has been presented by overview diagram which is provided report. A diagram has been
provided regarding which consist of electronic health record system has been provided.
Building block generally serves as a foundation which can be used for development of
electronic health record.
The diagram draw below provides an idea regarding health record system and various
associated features of it (Duftschmid et al. 2013). This merely focus on the fact that an
individual entity serves as basic for various parts client and providers of health. With references
to diagram government can be considered as a primary layer in building blocks and it works like
important role in electronic health record and its development.
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Figure 1: Basic building blocks for EHR system
(Source: Created by author)
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Figure 2: Architecture Overview Diagram for EHR system
(Source: Created by author)
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Logical architecture
Functionality though feasible technically is given by the help of logical structure which
can be used for delivering system for development of health record. The diagram below
provides an idea regarding the various aspects regarding logical view of electronic system which
is being development (Lake et al. 2014). Groups of engineer and modelers are nothing but a
logical group which is intended with logical view diagrams which is needed for proper
development of components of the system.
Data warehouse is generally used for broadcasting and providing required value of data
for the operation of whole system. The diagram draw below is inclusive of budget, design,
related data, requirements which is used by data warehouse for development of electronic
health system (Mandl et al. 2014). Primary aim of logical diagram is competition of objective for
healthcare and providers of patient for upgradation of healthcare system.
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Figure 3: Logical View Diagram for EHR system
(Source: Created by author)
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Component Relationship Diagram
Figure 4: Component Relationship Diagram for EHR system
(Source: Created by author)
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Component Interaction Diagram
The relation between different parts, entities and interfaces can be easily provided
health record system (Marceglia et al. 2015). Various components provided in the figure are
generally inspected by developer for understanding and gathering of gathering of functionality
and proper kind of working methods. Various messages have been shown in sequential for
component interaction diagram which focus on use of components of interaction which is used
for achieving desire goals.
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Figure 5: Component Interaction Diagram for EHR system
(Source: Created by author)
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Information Management and Integration
Operational model
Various kinds of components have been distributed in geographical nodes which can be
easily understandable by component interaction diagram (Mudaly et al. 2013). The components
of system are further classified as functional and non-functional requirement. The classification
can be used further in development of electronic health record system. This mainly breaks up
the requirement of customer for development of various health system. The main reason
behind health system is development of proper front office, head office and event for disaster
recovery.
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Figure 6: Operational Model for EHR system
(Source: Created by author)
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Challenges
The report that has been discussed above helps in understanding the various types of
challenges that are faced by the EIA RA while developing the new health record system some of
the challenges are listed below:
 The first challenge that is faced by the EHR system is the budget which is followed by
the second challenge that is the deployment of the HER system (Soceanu, Egner and
Moldoveanu, 2013). Another major challenge faced by the EHR system is the security
and privacy of the data that are to be stored in the system. Only the central barrier is
responsible for the management of the EHR system but rest of the barriers are prone to
various types of risks like the breach of security.
 Another major barrier to the deployment of the EHR system is the learning about the
new system by the personnel’s who would be responsible for handling the new system.
It is very much important to understand and learn the new system. Proper learning and
understanding would greatly help the EHR system perform in an efficient as well as
effective way (Soceanu, Egner and Moldoveanu, 2013). Besides this lack of
understanding and learning might lead to several types of problems.
 Unfamiliarity with the new EHR system can also act as one of the major barrier as this
can lead to various challenges. This might include the system not being liked by the
stakeholders involved.
 Interoperability of the enterprises along with the necessities which are helpful in
measuring the quality of the clinics associated with the involvement of the patients with
the new EHR system might lead to various types of challenges. The slow response of the
new system might lead the maintenance of the quality report face various types of
challenges (Soceanu, Egner and Moldoveanu, 2013). This can be better understood by
the use of an example that is the EHR system might not respond in a proper way if the
data that has been inputted is not that much accurate.
In many cases there might occur a situation when a single patient receives treatment at two
different locations and the treatment might be different and provided by the same EHR system.
So, the services that are provided by the EHR system and are having a patient-centered nature
which is responsible for imposing a challenging and ultimately hinders the deployment of the
new EHR system
Possible Strategies
The challenges which has been discussed above can be overcome if the following strategies are
followed and the strategies includes:
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 It should be assured that there exists adequate number of components as well as
resources which would be mainly helping in the process of developing the new EHR
system (Vest and Kash, 2016). This is also very much essential for the purpose of
maintaining the effectiveness and efficiency of the system.
 There is a need of involvement of the executive management along with the
implementation of various effective and efficient control in order to mitigate the various
types of challenges that might be faced by the EHR system.
 The vendor along with the scopes should be chosen in an appropriate way which is very
much necessary and can benefit the process of deployment of the new EHR system
(Yang et al. 2015).
In order to mitigate the current risks and the risks which would be arising the future while
deploying the new EHR system there is need of preparation as well as pre-preparation which is
very much essential
Conclusion
From the above discussion it can be easily concluded that this report is all about
Enterprise Information Architecture Reference Architecture. Government requires an eHealth
services and EHR system on national platform. After that some particular capabilities of system
building block along with an architecture has been provided. The report gives an idea regarding
the conceptual non-technical idea of eHealth system. The logical diagram in the report has
been drawn from the conceptual diagram. So, this focus on the idea that information system is
further divided into several components and so a component model has been provided in the
report. After that various challenges and possible strategies has been discussed in the report. In
the above pages of the report a conceptual and logical architecture has been provided. After
that a diagram of relationship component of the system has been provided. A diagram of
interaction component of the information system has been provided. An operation model has
been provided in the above pages of the report. Various challenges and strategies has been
discussed in details.
Recommendations
Below are few of the recommendations which can help in the deployment of an EHR system
which is much more effective and efficient. The following are recommendations for the new
EHR system:
 Identification of project manager: There is a need of efficient and effective project
manager in order to guide the process of deployment and managing the project of
developing the new EHR system.
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 EHR awareness: The awareness about the EHR is very much essential because this would
encourage the patients as well as the personnel’s associated with providing healthcare
to participate actively in the deployment of the system and use it at a wider basis.
 Management of the leadership: Once the deployment of eth new EHR system is done
there is a need of proper leadership which would help in achieving the various goals and
objectives of the new EHR system.
 Selection and utilization of the correct resources: The primary requirement of the new
system is the correct resources which is very much essential for the development of the
new efficient and effective EHR system.
 Lastly comes the providing of the trainings to various staffs which is very much essential
for the development of the new EHR system. This would greatly help in using the new
system and would help everyone in handling the new system and tackle all the issues
that might occur.
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References
Adenuga, O.A., Kekwaletswe, R.M. and Coleman, A., 2015. eHealth integration and
interoperability issues: towards a solution through enterprise architecture. Health information
science and systems, 3(1), p.1.
Adler-Milstein, J., Bates, D.W. and Jha, A.K., 2013. Operational health information exchanges
show substantial growth, but long-term funding remains a concern. Health Affairs, 32(8),
pp.1486-1492.
Bender, D. and Sartipi, K., 2013, June. HL7 FHIR: An Agile and RESTful approach to healthcare
information exchange. In Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), 2013 IEEE 26th
International Symposium on (pp. 326-331). IEEE.
Da Xu, L., 2014. Enterprise integration and information architecture: a systems perspective on
industrial information integration. Auerbach Publications.
DOLCINI, G. and Sernani, P., 2013. A multi-agent architecture for health information
systems. Advanced Methods and Technologies for Agent and Multi-Agent Systems, 252, p.375.
Duftschmid, G., Rinner, C., Kohler, M., Huebner-Bloder, G., Saboor, S. and Ammenwerth, E.,
2013. The EHR-ARCHE project: Satisfying clinical information needs in a Shared Electronic
Health Record System based on IHE XDS and Archetypes. International journal of medical
informatics, 82(12), pp.1195-1207.
Lake, D., Milito, R.M.R., Morrow, M. and Vargheese, R., 2014. Internet of things: Architectural
framework for ehealth security. Journal of ICT Standardization, 1(3), pp.301-328.
Mandl, K.D., Kohane, I.S., McFadden, D., Weber, G.M., Natter, M., Mandel, J., Schneeweiss, S.,
Weiler, S., Klann, J.G., Bickel, J. and Adams, W.G., 2014. Scalable collaborative infrastructure for
a learning healthcare system (SCILHS): architecture. Journal of the American Medical
Informatics Association, 21(4), pp.615-620.
Marceglia, S., Fontelo, P., Rossi, E. and Ackerman, M.J., 2015. A standards-based architecture
proposal for integrating patient mHealth apps to electronic health record systems. Applied
clinical informatics, 6(03), pp.488-505.
Mudaly, T., Moodley, D., Pillay, A. and Seebregts, C.J., 2013, November. Architectural
frameworks for developing national health information systems in low and middle income
countries. In Enterprise Systems Conference (ES), 2013 (pp. 1-9). IEEE.
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Soceanu, A., Egner, A. and Moldoveanu, F., 2013, May. Towards interoperability of eHealth
system networked components. In Control Systems and Computer Science (CSCS), 2013 19th
International Conference on (pp. 147-154). IEEE.
Vest, J.R. and Kash, B.A., 2016. Differing Strategies to Meet Information‐Sharing Needs: Publicly
Supported Community Health Information Exchanges Versus Health Systems’ Enterprise Health
Information Exchanges. The Milbank Quarterly, 94(1), pp.77-108.
Yang, J.J., Li, J., Mulder, J., Wang, Y., Chen, S., Wu, H., Wang, Q. and Pan, H., 2015. Emerging
information technologies for enhanced healthcare. Computers in Industry, 69, pp.3-11.
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