Electrical Drawings and Diagrams: A Comprehensive Guide for Electricians

This comprehensive guide delves into the world of electrical drawings and diagrams, essential tools for electricians. Explore the purpose, format, and content of various types of drawings, including site plans, floor plans, circuit diagrams, wiring diagrams, and ladder diagrams. Learn about Australian standard symbols, conventions, and the importance of using technical standards for safe and compliant electrical work. This guide also covers the hierarchy of control, job specifications, and the process of obtaining and using documentation to inform work tasks.

Assessment

WRITTEN ACTIVITY
Task 1 - Architectural drawings
1. What information should be included in a site plan?
Site plan should include the standard format and scale which is developed from the standard
symbols and signs. It includes the size of total area of the building and land associated to the site.
It also includes the distance calculated between the property boundaries and structures. It also
includes the contours that are present on the land at site. It also includes the land features,
amenities, structures, scale, symbols and drawings.
2. What information should be included on a floor plan?
Floor plans are the scale drawings of the floor of the building which are structured and
standardized to develop design. It contains the dimensions of wall on the basis of external and
internal size. It also provides the details of the windows, doors, appliances, electrical fittings and
all conventions.
3. When using an architectural floor plan in order to determine the location and requirements
for the power and lighting or communications / audio/ video layouts required in a domestic
installation, what will you need to take into consideration?
The important requirements of the architectural plan includesome of the major requirements for
the determination of the location and other requirements. They are: symbols which are from
standard convections, scale of the area, floor plan details, and details of the wire and circuit
connections.
4. Discuss the following in regards to site plans:
 Service point: This point is responsible for the detection of the accurate location of
the meeting point of the provider of electrical wholesale and electrical wiring
systems of consumers.
 Consumer mains: This is the important connection which is the point of mains
supply and it is supplied to the particular customer drawn from the service point.
 Main switchboard: It contains the elements of the consumer mains and also related
to the electrical cables associated to the full the building. It mainly contains the main
fuses, electrical connection of the mainline and backline of building, power
connection, measuring devices of the power consumed, safety switches and much
more
.
 Distribution boards: It is one of the important part of the house wiring system and
has the responsibility of keep separating the individual circuit from the main supply.
Its location is same as where the main switchboard is placed.
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 Builder’s supplies: At the building in some cases, there is the requirement of the
electricity supply so that it can be utilized for the purpose of the construction before
the process of the wiring at the located property.
5. What is the most common scale used for floor plans? What does it represent?
There are some standard forms which can be used for the floor plans. And with this, the
commonly used scaling is 1: 100. It can be considered as the standard format and can be very
helpful for the measurement of different items. Here, 1 denotes the one centimetre and the 100
denotes the 1 meter. To understand this, let’s take an example of 5 m room where it will be
represented as 5cm on the floor plan. The correct scale should be defined prior to the
development of the floor plan where it can be ensured that details should be provided initially so
that planning and calculation can be done with accuracy.
6. Draw or define the following to complete the table of Australian standardized symbols for
floor plans used on floor plans:
It represents the time
switch Dimmer switch
It denotes the
lightening outlet
position represented
in th form of wiring
Connection or
junction box
It is general
representation of the
symbol for the
projector
Flood light
It is a symbol to
represent the bell Double pole switch
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Task 2 - Electrical drawings
1. Describe the purpose of each of the following types of electrical drawings:
a. Block diagrams: This diagram includes a series of blocks which is used to denote the
different electrical components for the project of installation and its designing. They can
be developed in details including the basic and smallest detail of the components
required. It is responsible for demonstrating the main component overview with
systematic diagram of circuit.
b. Circuit diagrams: These diagrams are the pictorial representation of the circuit which is
going to be established. It also contains the design which is developed from the standard
formatsto show the layout of all the components of the electrical circuits. This diagram
can be used for the installation and design diagram.
c. Wiring diagrams: These type of diagrams uses the standard symbol and line to
representpossible wiring connection and associated components. It is going to be used
for the wiring with building planning and installation of the electrical project in detailed
or simple form.
d. Ladder diagrams: This diagram is represented in the form of the ladder. Here the two
vertical poles denote the source of power. The current carrying conductor is represented
by the left rail and the grounding is represented by the right side. Voltage connection
and entire circuit is represented by the horizontal rungs. It is used for representing the
diagrams of the maintenance and troubleshooting.
2. Draw or define the following to complete the table of Australian standard symbols used to
represent components on electrical diagrams:
Closed switch Switch – open
Resistor Singe cell
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Ammeter Light bulb
Fuse Voltmeter
3. What are the conventions and used in and the features of circuit diagrams?
This is done to represent the whole plan in the form of the circuit diagram to help the workers in
interpreting the plan into actual. The major features of the diagram are:
 The diagram should be developed by using the standard symbol
 The connections must be placed in order
Convections for the circuit diagram:
 Diagram must in understandable form and workers must interpret it correctly
 The symbol used should be placed correctly
 Diagram must be executed separately
4. What is required to convert a circuit diagram to a wiring diagram?
The conversionfrom the circuit diagram to wiring diagram requires the calculation in which all
the parts and components are measured. Here, it also requiresto demonstrate the type of switches,
terminal connections and details of other connections. With the help of such details, wiring
diagram can be ensured and is able to provide all information related to the electrical task.
5. What is a cable schedule?
It is basically a type of document which provides the detail of the list of the total cables essential
for the completion of task in respect to the circuit or wiring or installation task. It is required for
the selection for the material and resources and also helps in determination of the length
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required. Also helps in planning and developing the procedure required for the installation
procedure.
6. What information will be listed on the cable schedule regarding each of the cables included?
The information in the cable schedule includes thedetails of the cable required for the
development of the electrical task. It majorly includes thenumber of cables required in addition
to details of their types. It also provides the details of the size and length of each cable in
addition to gland type and their size.
7. What steps are involved in developing a cable schedule for a given installation?
There are some of the steps required for the cable schedule and can be used for the installation of
electrical task. Those steps are:
 The possible cable routes and access points must be determined
 For the every connection, identify the required cable
 Find the points where the connection is required
 Identify all the types of cable
 Specify the cable features
 Finally develop a table including the information described above
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Task 3 - Circuit diagrams
1. What is the purpose of circuit diagrams in the electro technology industry?
The purpose of the circuit diagram is to provide help to the electrical workers to provide support
in understanding the electrical task at the electro technology industry. It demonstrates the basic
component of the circuit and the set up order of the components.
2. Draw and label a basic circuit diagram showing at least three components
Figure 1: Basic circuit diagram
3. What are the steps that need to be conducted in order to develop a switching chart for use
when planning and conducting electrical work?
The steps required for the switching chart are:
 Firstly identify the each switch’s terminals and then document them
 Identify the switch positions for the task and then provide the documentation in terms of
standard symbols
 There must be check on the terminals, their combinations and the position of the
switches. The checking is done with the help of meter.
 Now document the factors in terms of columns
4. What needs to be kept in mind when preparing to connect equipment using circuit diagrams?
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The things that to be kept in mind while connecting equipment with the help of circuitr diagrams
are:
 Wide range of information of equipment must be consulted while connecting them
 Some required tests and calculations must be performed before implementation
 Requirements of the approved circuit diagrams must met
Task 4 - Wiring diagrams
1. What is the purpose of wiring diagrams in the electro technology industry?
Wiring diagram is one of the important diagrams which is used to depict the pictorial form of the
whole circuit or either the electrical installation wiring plan. It is generally used for the
applications of the house wiring plans, lighting plans and so on.
2. What conventions are used in wiring diagrams?
The basic conventions of the wiring diagrams are:
 The components must be symbolized with standard symbols
 The energy must be conserved within a circuit
 Keep safe while implementing diagram
 Test the circuit under supervision only
 Current must be measured in ampere, voltage in volt and power in watts
3. What are the features of wiring diagrams?
The basic features of the wiring diagrams are:
 All the connections must be made up of standard symbols
 Connections made between the various components must follow the energy law
 Terminal connection must be carefully
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 While implementing the wiring plan, the approved structure must be considered
4. What can sketching basic wiring assist with?
It has ability to assist the troubleshooting and the planning in addition to the development of the
wiring systems.
5. Draw or define the following to complete the table of Australian standard symbols used in
wiring diagrams
This symbol
is used to
represent the
electrolytic
capacitor
Variable capacitor
Iron core
transformers
are
represented
by this
symbol
Headphones (double)
This depicts
the symbol
of the
general
antenna
Telegraph key
Task 5 - Building construction drawings and diagrams
1. List and briefly describe the four building types that electrical work may need to be
conducted within.
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For the electrical work at the building, it is quite necessary to understand the type of building
that are surrounded to us so that work can be effectively done. The major four types of building
are:
a. Building with metal frame: This type of building is hard enough having skeleton in the form
of metal form. This frame is developed from the steel columns in vertical direction and the
associated metal beams in horizontal form. The design so formed is in the shape of the grid
design. Their strong ability makes them to be developed in tall form such as skyscraper.
Figure 2: Building with metal frame
b. Buildings with double brick method: This type of formation of building is strong enough
and also has the better insulation. The formation is such that there is development of two
walls side by side having cavity in between so as to provide more flexibility.
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Figure 3: Building with double brick method
c. Building with Brick Veneer formation: This formation has the frame structured with the
help of timber in which it is cladded with another structure of formed brick wall. This
formation is used at most of the places
Figure 4: Building with Brick Veneer formation
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d. Building with timber frame: This frame of building is developed from the wooden
connection in a professional manner. It is cladded from the inner and outer side so that a
sound structure can be developed.
Figure 5: Building with timber frame
2. List two examples of each of the following:
a. Footings: Examples are stump pad and stepped
b. Floors: Examples are cut in and platform floor
c. External walls: Examples are metal and stone walls
d. Roofs: Examples are pitched and flat roofs
e. Interior walls: Examples are Mortar and tiles form of walls
3. List and describe two types of typical cable routes through buildings, structures and
premises.
The major typical routes are:
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a. Equipment rooms: This cable route type is for the building wiring and also for the
consolidated wiring. It has the purpose to provide the power and services inside the
building to enhance the facilities.
b. Horizontal cabling: The individual outlets are connected to the backbone wiringwith the
help of routes of the horizontal cable. It also connects the different power connections
across the house. The channel used by this cable in inside the walls and ceiling
4. Detail the sequence of each constructional stage for one of the following: brick, brick veneer
or timber cottage
The sequence for the brick vener stages construction is as follows:
Step 1. Firstly the plumbing of underfloor is done
Step 2. Then the wiring is done
Step 3. Now the excavation of the footings is carried out
Step 4. Now the base of the brick is developed
Step 5. Now the termination of the treatment is done
Step 6. Now slab from concrete is developed
Step 7. Plumb the floor
Step 8. Framing of the floor is done in this step
Step 9. Now develop the wall frame
Step 10.Now trusses the roof
Step 11.Now consider the frame of the windows and doors
Step 12.Consider the roof and guttering
Step 13.Now design the roof covering
Step 14.Now develop the brick walls
Step 15.Design the external doors
Step 16.Now carry out the wiring
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Step 17.Make connection of telephone
Step 18.Make connection of gas
Step 19.Now clean the visible bricks
Step 20.Consider the preparation of wet area
Step 21.Insulate the wall
Step 22.Provide the inner lining
Step 23.Check and carry out the joinery and internal fit out
Step 24.Provide the internal painting
Step 25.Now finally plumb floor with effective manner
Step 26.Electrician must final check the connection
Step 27.Check for the telephone connection
Step 28.Insulate the ceiling properly
Step 29.Finally provide finishing of all the working
5. At what stage of construction does first fixing occur?
This stage is occurred when the building is developed and but not developed properly and here
roofs, external doors and other fittings are done. At this stage, the cable route is done by the
electrician from the mains supply.
6. At what stage of construction does second fixing occur?
This is done after the completion of the internal insulation and also with the placement of the
walls. Before the second fixing, the final connection of the light fittings is done and also the
power outlets and also the hard wired devices can be conducted.
7. Who are some of the personnel and trades you may need to communicate with during the
construction process of a home?
The major personnel and trades are architect and building planners, construction manager,
builders, carpenters, client, and whole seller of electrical equipment and so on.
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KS02-EE107A Introduction to regulations, compliance standards and codes
Task 6 - Regulation for undertaking electrical work
1. What are the 6 types of electrical licenses in Australia?
The main six licenses are:
a. Electrical fitter license: This license is related to the fitting of the devices or wiring and
other functions such as motor repairing, construction, component assembling, and
maintenance and so on.
b. Electrical Jointer license: This license is related to the allowance of the holder in some
actions where limited jointing and termination of the electrical cables which have high
voltage. This license provides legal platform of doing actions.
c. Restricted electrical work license: This license makes the holders to perform electrical task
associated to another legitimate trade and should consider the Electrical Safety Act 2002.
d. Electrical work training permit: This is related to the permission of some task that allows the
supervisor to conduct them at the time of electrical training.
e. Electrical mechanical license: It is an open license which allows the holders to act certain
activities in a legal manner. The activities involve the installation and alternation of
overhead lines and also provide the completion of electrical wiring in addition to repairing
of different devices.
f. Electrical Linesperson license: This license is related to the line work where the actions such
as maintenance, construction, testing, and analysis on the electrical lines will be conducted
in the legal manner.
2. What are the fundamental principles of an electrical installation that are outlined in
AS/NZS3000?
Fundamental principles:
 Match the functions as intended
 Save people, livestock and equipment from harmful effects
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 Make connection safely and also the operation should be compatible with the system.
Safety should be considered for the source of supply where installation is connected
 There should be less probability of faults
 There should be safety at the task of testing, maintenance, monitoring and other
operations.
3. Discuss the certification of electrical work
The electrical work can be certified by considering the certificate of compliance. It is actually a
form which is gathered from the wholesaler of the electrical components. This is done at the
time of time alterations, additions and work of installation. These forms have been identified
with the help of unique numbers given by the electrical contractors under whose the work is
assigned. It is conduct at the time of addition, alteration, disconnection, reconnection and
replacement of the electrical components. This copy of forms is them submitted to the network
provider and to the consumers and in case of violation penalties are also applied.
Task 7 - Standards philosophy and format
1. Define the following:
a. Performance standards: These standards have the aim which has to be achieved and there
is no requirement of the explanation as how the aim is accomplished
b. Prescriptive standards: This type of standard is related to the detailed demonstration of
the method of accomplishment of aim.
2. What is the purpose of technical standards?
The main purposes are:
 There is the requirement of the achievement of minimum aspects of the quality, safety
and performance.
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 There must be regulatory compliance in respect to the least cost solution specifications.
The requirements in terms of technical aspects must express the features, performance
and criteria of the design should be analyzed with the legislation functions.
 The purchasing requirements meet the contractual purpose between the two parties in
terms of decided conditions
 Some educational purpose standards must be not be includes in the legislations or
contract specifications and such standards are related to theproject management
procedures, or administrativeor recommendations
3. How are technical standards developed?
There are some steps which are followed for the development of the technical standards and they
are:
 Initially standards are passed through the formal development process
 Checking the range of collaboration with licensing authorities, industry professionals
state and territory governments and so on
 Review process through panel of experts
4. What is the ISO?
ISO is named as International Organization for Standardization is actually an organization which
is independent and operates its services by involving other agencies and regularity bodies. These
other bodies belong to 165 different countries. This body is responsible for determining and
creating standards and it also provides the accessibility through membership.
5. What is the IEC?
IEC is named as International Electro Technical Commission (IEC) and it is among the popular
and largest organization which provides the platform for the preparation and publication of the
global accepted International Standards related to the technologies such as electrical.
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6. How are standards used in compulsory and accreditation compliance schemes?
In general, most of the standards are not required and they are saved at the documents of the
legislation and at the different codes of practice. They become mandatory in some of the cases
where the accreditations and compliance schemes are compulsory. The standard of the different
industry are compulsory and can be used in terms of Australian Standards.
7. What information is included in electrical technical standards?
The information required is as follows:
 Details of the installations
 Documentation of the specifications
 Pre-knowledge of the safety
 Standards of the product quality
 Demand of the test cases
 Details of the communication and drawing
8. What do you need to keep in mind when reading and applying standards?
 It must be clearly read and understood
 It must have the ability to be applied to the task
 It must include the parameters associated to the Australian Standards
9. List at least six standards and codes that apply to all types of electrical installations
The major six standards are:
 For the construction and demolition sites- the standard used is AS/NZS 3012
 For the Australian Standard of drawings- standard used is AS/NZS 1102
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 For the safety rules while working near electrical lines of overhead and underground-
Electrical Safety Code of Practice 2013
 Standard for the rural industry for the electrical industry- Electrical Safety Code of
Practice 2010
 For the wiring rules, the standard used is AS/NZS 3000
 The standard used for the management of risk at the workplace- Electrical Safety Code of
Practice 2013
10. What are the states mandated Standards and regulations that you need to follow in your
workplace?
The mandatory standard and regulations that need to be followed at the workplace are:
a) For the wiring rules , standards used is AS/NZS 3000
b) Governmental rules of the state and territory service
11. Discuss two of the Codes applicable to electrical safe working practices.
The two codes are:
a) There is standard used for the management of the health and safety risk at the workplace
and the name is Code of practice 2011. It is globally accepted
b) There are two standards which are associated to the building acts and the standard is
published in two forms and they are: Commercial Buildings Vol. 1 and Residential
Buildings Vol. 2. Vol. 1 represents the class 2 to 9 buildings and vol. 2 represents the
class 1 to 10 house buildings.
Task 8 - Purpose, format and content of typical job specifications
1. Discuss the NATSPEC specification system
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This system is used for the listing the details of the job specifications for the electrical workers. It
is actually an online portal that enables the workers of different areas of construction industry to
list the specifications. The specifications include the pre-programmed work in different industry
sectors. Each stage of the job task has some information and requirement and they must be
represented in the form of correlating columns so that it becomes easy for the workers. The main
purpose of this specification, so that the details and system can be represented to show the
different range of information which is pre-prepared in context of construction industry.
2. What sections are included on common workplace job specification templates?
The major sections that must be includes in the template of the job specifications are:
I. Task components
II. Summary for the task of the job
III. Write all the duties and the specifications
IV. Details of the requirements for qualifications and standard license
V. Practice codes must be represented
VI. Details of the safety information’
VII. Details of the performance
VIII. Details of the resources and legislations to be used
Task 9 – Procedure
For this task you are to write about a time you have used at least two of the following to inform
your work: drawings, diagrams, schedules, standards; and at least one of the following: codes or
specifications. In your report you will need to ensure that you identify the various documents that
you used, the steps you followed to prepare to use the documents, the steps you followed to use
the documents to obtain job information, the steps taken to use the documents to convey
information and ideas, and how you prepared and used compliance standards, codes and
specifications.
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Time of using the drawing of: Floor plan: At the time of building construction
Time of using the diagram of: Circuit diagram: At the time of circuit development of project
undertaken
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QUESTIONS
1. Discuss the different levels of the hierarchy of control.
The major levels are:
Level I. Conduction the elimination process
Level II. There should be alternate and safer option so that the hazard can be substituted
Level III. Thirdly the hazard can be isolated through restriction and locks
Level IV. It is better option to use engineering controls such as RCD and safety switches
Level V. Use administrative controls and protective equipments can be used in addition to the
use of rubber mats
Level VI. Use of safety sign at the workplace
2. There are a range of different types of diagrams and schedules that can be used to inform on
work tasks. List six.
The list includes:
[1] Site plans
[2] Circuit diagrams
[3] Wiring plan
[4] Cable schedule
[5] Phase of construction schedule
[6] Work schedule
3. What information will be included in job specifications?
The specifications must include:
a) Required components of the task
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b) Summary of task
c) Details of responsibilities
d) Details of qualifications and license
e) Practice codes
f) Details of the safety at workplace
g) Performance details
h) Requirement of resources and legislations
4. How can you obtain information external to your organisation?
The steps include:
 Collection of requirements from other organisation policies and procedures
 Identify the components required
 Find source of components
 In order to access it, check for workplace procedure
 If there is no procedure, then request for the process from the other organisation
 Collect the required requests, forms and documentation
 The requirements must be obtained to access
5. What steps are involved in using drawings, diagrams, schedules and manuals to obtain job
information?
Steps for obtaining job information are:
Step [1] Firstly identify the need of the documentation
Step [2] Learn the basic categorization
Step [3] Interpretation should be according to the knowledge of layouts, convection and
symbols
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Step [4] Confirm the used symbols
Step [5] Dimension should be undertaken correctly using the standard fractions
Step [6] Locate the equipments
Step [7] Use manuals for the reviews and to interpret the information of relevant work
6. Outline the method can be used to identify the range of documentation needs for a specific
job.
The involved steps are:
 Task and information of the task must be access and interpreted
 firstly the task should be breakdown and then the diagrams, schedules and drawings can
be used
 provide the accessibility request
 study and interpret the diagrams, schedules and drawings
 find any unknown information
 plan and conduct work
7. Discuss the content and uses of one type of diagram, drawing, schedule or manual that you
consistently use in your work.
Circuit diagram: A detailed representation in the form of pictorial aspects where different
components of the electrical engineering are symbolized through standard format and design a
electric circuit.
Uses: Application is found in communication, planning, design
8. What are the standard fractions used to scale architectural drawings and diagrams
components?
The major standard fractions are:
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 1/50th or 1:50 represents the representation is 50% smaller than the item actually is.
 1/100th or 1:100 represents the representation is 100% smaller than the actual item.
 1/200th or 1:200 represents the representation is 200% smaller then the item actually is.
9. What is the format of typical manuals?
Format must include the following points:
 Data contents
 Parts of different works or class of equipments
 Detailed specification of task
 Represent diagrams
 Provide the appendices
 Provide extra information
 Provide the glossary requirement
10. When creating freehand drawings in place of formal technical drawings it is essential to
ensure what?
It is to ensure that the understanding and interpretation of the design should be done in the same
way as they are developed with the help of standard symbols and rules.
11. What do you need to keep in mind when transposing freehand drawings to technical
drawings?
The things to remember are:
 Scale should be used for transposing
 Include the standardised symbol
 For the representation, conventions of the standard drawing must be used
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 Accuracy should be there while drawing lines
 Calculation must be done precisely and included
12. Who may be the appropriate persons who you should submit completed drawings to?
 Representative of the authorized business
 Supervisors and clients
 Leaders of the trade group
 Council of local area
 Wholesalers of electrical equipments
13. Discuss two of the types of electrical licences in Australia.
a. Electrical Jointer license:
 It related to the allowance of the holder in some actions
 Used for limited jointing and termination of the electrical cables which have high voltage.
 It provides legal platform of doing actions.
b. Electrical Linesperson license:
 It is related to the line work
 Here the actions such as maintenance, construction, testing, and analysis on the electrical
lines will be conducted
 It is also done in the legal manner.
14. When must a Certificate of Compliance be completed?
It must be completed at the point of time alteration, some addition is done or either some work is
conducted at the electrical installation.
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