Voltage and Power output of Dual Chamber MFC
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Running head: ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND LEACHATE TREATMENT USING MFC
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND LEACHATE TREATMENT USING MFC
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND LEACHATE TREATMENT USING MFC
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND LEACHATE TREATMENT USING MFC
1
Table of Contents
1 CHAPTER 1- PROJECT INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION:-......................................................................................................5
1.2 AIM:-.......................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT:-.........................................................................................6
1.4 OBJECTIVE:-.............................................................................................................7
1.5 SCOPE:-.................................................................................................................... 7
1.6 JUSTIFICATION:-......................................................................................................7
1.7 REFERENCES:-.......................................................................................................9
2 CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Journal 1:-................................................................................................................ 10
2.2 Journal 2:-................................................................................................................ 13
2.3 Journal 3:-................................................................................................................ 16
2.4 Journal 4:-................................................................................................................ 18
2.5 Journal 5:-................................................................................................................ 21
2.6 References:-............................................................................................................. 24
3.1 Introduction:-............................................................................................................ 25
3.2 Discussion:-.............................................................................................................. 25
3.2.1 Types of Methods:-............................................................................................25
3.2.1.1Two gas cylinder concepts:-.........................................................................25
3.2.1.2 MFC operation:-.............................................................................................26
1
Table of Contents
1 CHAPTER 1- PROJECT INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION:-......................................................................................................5
1.2 AIM:-.......................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT:-.........................................................................................6
1.4 OBJECTIVE:-.............................................................................................................7
1.5 SCOPE:-.................................................................................................................... 7
1.6 JUSTIFICATION:-......................................................................................................7
1.7 REFERENCES:-.......................................................................................................9
2 CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Journal 1:-................................................................................................................ 10
2.2 Journal 2:-................................................................................................................ 13
2.3 Journal 3:-................................................................................................................ 16
2.4 Journal 4:-................................................................................................................ 18
2.5 Journal 5:-................................................................................................................ 21
2.6 References:-............................................................................................................. 24
3.1 Introduction:-............................................................................................................ 25
3.2 Discussion:-.............................................................................................................. 25
3.2.1 Types of Methods:-............................................................................................25
3.2.1.1Two gas cylinder concepts:-.........................................................................25
3.2.1.2 MFC operation:-.............................................................................................26
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND LEACHATE TREATMENT USING MFC
2
3.2.1.3Wastewater Leachate:-....................................................................................26
3.2.1.4 MFC calculation in digital Multimeter:-............................................................27
3.2.1.5 Waste Water Analysis:-..................................................................................27
3.2.1.6 Cell voltage Determination:-...........................................................................29
3.2.2Ohmic losses:-....................................................................................................30
3.2.3 Significance of these Research:-...........................................................................31
3.2.4 Outlook:-................................................................................................................ 31
3.3 Conclusion:-............................................................................................................. 32
3.4 References:-............................................................................................................. 33
2
3.2.1.3Wastewater Leachate:-....................................................................................26
3.2.1.4 MFC calculation in digital Multimeter:-............................................................27
3.2.1.5 Waste Water Analysis:-..................................................................................27
3.2.1.6 Cell voltage Determination:-...........................................................................29
3.2.2Ohmic losses:-....................................................................................................30
3.2.3 Significance of these Research:-...........................................................................31
3.2.4 Outlook:-................................................................................................................ 31
3.3 Conclusion:-............................................................................................................. 32
3.4 References:-............................................................................................................. 33
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND LEACHATE TREATMENT USING MFC
3
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Current Generation
Figure 2.2 COD power and current densities
Figure 2.3 Organic Loading rate of Coulombic efficiency
Figure 2.4 Voltage and Power output of Dual Chamber MFC
Figure 2.5 Stability and voltage generation of COD
Figure 2.6 Mean power Density Flow rate
Figure 2.7 BOD5 removal efficiency
Figure 2.8 BOD loading rate
Figure 2.9 Two Chamber MFC
Figure 2.10 Single Chamber MFC
Figure 2.11 COD and BOD removal surface area
Figure 2.12 Density vs. Current Graph
Figure 3.1 MFC in digital Multimeter
Figure 3.2 Cell Voltage Determination
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Description of Landfill Leachate
Table 2.2 Mean Value of leachate
Table 1.3 MFC Substrates
3
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 Current Generation
Figure 2.2 COD power and current densities
Figure 2.3 Organic Loading rate of Coulombic efficiency
Figure 2.4 Voltage and Power output of Dual Chamber MFC
Figure 2.5 Stability and voltage generation of COD
Figure 2.6 Mean power Density Flow rate
Figure 2.7 BOD5 removal efficiency
Figure 2.8 BOD loading rate
Figure 2.9 Two Chamber MFC
Figure 2.10 Single Chamber MFC
Figure 2.11 COD and BOD removal surface area
Figure 2.12 Density vs. Current Graph
Figure 3.1 MFC in digital Multimeter
Figure 3.2 Cell Voltage Determination
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Description of Landfill Leachate
Table 2.2 Mean Value of leachate
Table 1.3 MFC Substrates
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND LEACHATE TREATMENT USING MFC
4
LIST OF ABBRIVIATIONS
I. MFC – MICROBIAL FUEL CELL
II. BES- BIO ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS.
III. CE- COULOMBIC EFFICIENCY
IV. LL- LANDFILL LEACHATE
V. SPW - STARCH PROCESSING WASTEWATER
VI. DW- DYE WASTEWATER
VII. COD- CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
VIII. BOD- BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
IX. HRT- HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME
X. BET- BRUNAUER–EMMETT–TELLER
XI. TOC- TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
4
LIST OF ABBRIVIATIONS
I. MFC – MICROBIAL FUEL CELL
II. BES- BIO ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS.
III. CE- COULOMBIC EFFICIENCY
IV. LL- LANDFILL LEACHATE
V. SPW - STARCH PROCESSING WASTEWATER
VI. DW- DYE WASTEWATER
VII. COD- CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
VIII. BOD- BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
IX. HRT- HYDRAULIC RETENTION TIME
X. BET- BRUNAUER–EMMETT–TELLER
XI. TOC- TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND LEACHATE TREATMENT USING MFC
5
CHAPTER 1 - PROJECT INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION:-
In this report are demonstrating the research about electricity generation and
leachate treatment using MFC. In this project, two steps microbial fuel cell will be
invented to electricity generation and treat wastewater instantaneously. Several
microbial cells will be establishing, and microbes will be grown on the biofilms electrodes
(Damiano, Jambeckand Ringelberg, 2014). The performance calculation of the system in
terms of electricity generation and pollution removal will be determined using several
methods. The wastewater treatment is an energy-intensive activity, by using planned
technology energy can be produced while wastewater treatment, unlike current
processes which are energy exhaustive. This exhaustive energy will turn wastewater
treatment plants from negative to positive energy. Treated wastewater can be used for
other industrial and domestic purposes which will finally protect the freshwater
(Sonawaneet al., 2017). This project is estimated to deliver a maintainable explanation
for wastewater treatment and energy generation.
1.2 AIM:-
The objective of this project is to produce a modern while treating leachate
applying a microbial fuel cell. In this project, the report is describing the detail description
of landfill leachate and also displays about the MFC where leachate is using (Koóket
al. ,2016). It is a crucial manufacturing challenge due to the variable and high
absorptions of melted solids, colloidal and dissolved organics, heavy xenobiotic organics
5
CHAPTER 1 - PROJECT INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION:-
In this report are demonstrating the research about electricity generation and
leachate treatment using MFC. In this project, two steps microbial fuel cell will be
invented to electricity generation and treat wastewater instantaneously. Several
microbial cells will be establishing, and microbes will be grown on the biofilms electrodes
(Damiano, Jambeckand Ringelberg, 2014). The performance calculation of the system in
terms of electricity generation and pollution removal will be determined using several
methods. The wastewater treatment is an energy-intensive activity, by using planned
technology energy can be produced while wastewater treatment, unlike current
processes which are energy exhaustive. This exhaustive energy will turn wastewater
treatment plants from negative to positive energy. Treated wastewater can be used for
other industrial and domestic purposes which will finally protect the freshwater
(Sonawaneet al., 2017). This project is estimated to deliver a maintainable explanation
for wastewater treatment and energy generation.
1.2 AIM:-
The objective of this project is to produce a modern while treating leachate
applying a microbial fuel cell. In this project, the report is describing the detail description
of landfill leachate and also displays about the MFC where leachate is using (Koóket
al. ,2016). It is a crucial manufacturing challenge due to the variable and high
absorptions of melted solids, colloidal and dissolved organics, heavy xenobiotic organics
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND LEACHATE TREATMENT USING MFC
6
and metals. The aim of this project also demonstrating the wastewater treatment and
energy generation where the MFC is used.
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT:-
The wastewater treatment technology is likely to stimulate trickling filter, sludge
process, and membrane bioreactors. These stimulated outputs are severe energy-
intensive. The project maker to watch out other energy-efficient methods, which is
implementing for wastewater treatment. In the current situation, there is a necessity for
reliable and suitable technology (Rahimnejadet al., 2015). These technologies should be
cost-effective, wanting a few energy for its effective action and should make less sludge.
The landfill leachate has been pumping to off-site wastewater treatment services
for removal. It is to off-site services has produced opposition from plant owners due to
more rigorous effluent discharge standards (Leeet al., 2015). When settled to a
wastewater treatment capacity, leachates can delay with UV disinfection by actively
reducing UV light. Leachate may also cover high ammonia concentration and heavy
metals that may be inhibitory to the organic processes.
This developing technology is relevant in wastewater treatment because of its
exclusive capability of adapting the chemical vitality of organic leftover, counting low-
wastewaters and lignocellulose biomass, into chemical, electricity and hydrogen
products or driving bio-reduction of organic or inorganic oxidized contaminants such as
tetrachloroethene and nitrate (Nguyen, Kakarlaand Min, 2017). The device based on the
specified opinion is called microbial fuel cell that adapts chemical vitality to electrical
energy with the help of the catalytic response of bacteria. In micro fuel cell and the
substrate is reacted in the anode chamber making protons, CO2 and electrons.
6
and metals. The aim of this project also demonstrating the wastewater treatment and
energy generation where the MFC is used.
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT:-
The wastewater treatment technology is likely to stimulate trickling filter, sludge
process, and membrane bioreactors. These stimulated outputs are severe energy-
intensive. The project maker to watch out other energy-efficient methods, which is
implementing for wastewater treatment. In the current situation, there is a necessity for
reliable and suitable technology (Rahimnejadet al., 2015). These technologies should be
cost-effective, wanting a few energy for its effective action and should make less sludge.
The landfill leachate has been pumping to off-site wastewater treatment services
for removal. It is to off-site services has produced opposition from plant owners due to
more rigorous effluent discharge standards (Leeet al., 2015). When settled to a
wastewater treatment capacity, leachates can delay with UV disinfection by actively
reducing UV light. Leachate may also cover high ammonia concentration and heavy
metals that may be inhibitory to the organic processes.
This developing technology is relevant in wastewater treatment because of its
exclusive capability of adapting the chemical vitality of organic leftover, counting low-
wastewaters and lignocellulose biomass, into chemical, electricity and hydrogen
products or driving bio-reduction of organic or inorganic oxidized contaminants such as
tetrachloroethene and nitrate (Nguyen, Kakarlaand Min, 2017). The device based on the
specified opinion is called microbial fuel cell that adapts chemical vitality to electrical
energy with the help of the catalytic response of bacteria. In micro fuel cell and the
substrate is reacted in the anode chamber making protons, CO2 and electrons.
ELECTRICITY GENERATION AND LEACHATE TREATMENT USING MFC
7
1.4 OBJECTIVE:-
The purpose of these assignments is that with the help of this project, the project
maker can manufacture two-chambered MFC. This experiment shows that the MFC
produce renewable energy by varying the usual matter into power with the benefit of
microbes (Choiand Ahn, 2015). In the recent study, an attempt has been made to
discover the outcome of molar absorption of a salt bridge on electron-transporting
potential and to determine the bioelectricity generation efficiency. In these assignments
are trying to implement current generation technique which can be useful for microbial
fuel cells. The opportunity of alternative resources is one particular method of making
power is with the help of MFC, which can reduce fossil fuels usage (Koóket al., 2016). In
this project also displays that the MFCs can produce energy directly from electricity
connection or producing hydrogen fuel energy. Biological fuel cell adapts the chemical
energy of carbohydrates like alcohol and sugar indirectly into electrical power.
1.5 SCOPE:-
The scope of these reports is that with the help of this project, the project maker can
manufacture two-chambered MFC. This experiment shows that the MFC produce
renewable energy by varying the usual matter into power with the profit of microbes. The
scope of this project is to produce a modern while treating leachate applying a microbial
fuel cell. In this project, the report is describing the detail description of landfill leachate
and also displays about the MFC where leachate is using
1.6 JUSTIFICATION:-
There is a recognized technology for ammonia or organics removal in mature and
young leachate. The aerobic processes realize the denitrification and nitrification
process, which are decrease the oxygen demand for landfill leachate treatment (Choiand
7
1.4 OBJECTIVE:-
The purpose of these assignments is that with the help of this project, the project
maker can manufacture two-chambered MFC. This experiment shows that the MFC
produce renewable energy by varying the usual matter into power with the benefit of
microbes (Choiand Ahn, 2015). In the recent study, an attempt has been made to
discover the outcome of molar absorption of a salt bridge on electron-transporting
potential and to determine the bioelectricity generation efficiency. In these assignments
are trying to implement current generation technique which can be useful for microbial
fuel cells. The opportunity of alternative resources is one particular method of making
power is with the help of MFC, which can reduce fossil fuels usage (Koóket al., 2016). In
this project also displays that the MFCs can produce energy directly from electricity
connection or producing hydrogen fuel energy. Biological fuel cell adapts the chemical
energy of carbohydrates like alcohol and sugar indirectly into electrical power.
1.5 SCOPE:-
The scope of these reports is that with the help of this project, the project maker can
manufacture two-chambered MFC. This experiment shows that the MFC produce
renewable energy by varying the usual matter into power with the profit of microbes. The
scope of this project is to produce a modern while treating leachate applying a microbial
fuel cell. In this project, the report is describing the detail description of landfill leachate
and also displays about the MFC where leachate is using
1.6 JUSTIFICATION:-
There is a recognized technology for ammonia or organics removal in mature and
young leachate. The aerobic processes realize the denitrification and nitrification
process, which are decrease the oxygen demand for landfill leachate treatment (Choiand
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