ELISA Practical on Diabetes: Blood Sugar Elevation, Glucagon, Exercise, Glimepiride and Data Set Analysis

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Report related to ELISA Practical on Diabetes
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Question 1
a. Blood sugar elevation
i) Blood sugar elevation in relation to insulin functionality on the muscle
Carbohydrates are broken down in the body to release sugar and starch. The body’s digestive
system breaks down the food to release sugar. With the assistance of insulin, glucose is
absorbed in the body cells for storage. Insulin plays a critical role as it allows the sugar in the
bloodstream to enter into the muscles, fat and cell organs. In order for the reception of energy
to be processed in the muscles, it must be able to take in into the bloodstream, if there is a
build up resistance; it leads to a high volume of blood and increases the blood sugar level.
ii) Liver’s role on blood sugar level
The liver acts as the body’s reservoir for energy aiding its circulation and offers a steady and
constant supply of energy. The liver has the role of storing and manufacturing the glucose
depending on the signals produced by the insulin and glucagon. During meals, the liver stores
sugar inform of glycogen for later usage, while when a person is not eating, the body
manufactures its own glucose. The role of the liver is to supply sugar by converting glycogen
into glucose. When the levels of glucose are high in the body, it responds through absorption
of glucose, (Lim et al., 2011). However, in this case, there is a defective response by the
insulin, thus the liver could no longer absorb the high glucose in the blood, thus signifying
high sugar levels in the body.
b. Role of the glucagon and case study patient state
Glucagon effect in the body is to facilitate the liver process in releasing the glucose stored in
the cells and releasing it into the bloodstream, with the purpose of increasing the blood sugar
level. Further, the glucagon induces the liver in the cells and muscles to produce glucose
from the building blocks of nutrients such as proteins and carbohydrates locally. After intake
of food within 4-6 hours, the glucose levels in the blood lowers, triggering the action of
pancreases to produce glucagon. The hormone triggers reverse action of stored glucagon into
glucose to be used in the body, (Farman et al., 2018).
The case study patient seems to be paradoxically starvation, in that the girl has been drinking
squash drink. As the glucagon action is triggered, it lacks the building blocks found in the
nutrition intake in the body. Thus, as the glucagon is triggered, there is decreased
functionality of the liver not to induce or halt the production of glucose in the blood. Hence
this makes the blood sugar level in the body to be elevated after the triggering of liver
function.
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