Emerging Trends in Information Systems

This report discusses the emerging trend of driverless cars in the field of information systems. It covers the working principle of driverless cars, their importance, strengths and weaknesses, and their utilization in businesses. It also addresses the ethical issues associated with driverless cars.

EMERGING TRENDS IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS 0
Driverless Cars

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Table of Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................... 2
Description of the driverless cars............................................................................................................. 2
1. How does it work?.............................................................................................................................. 2
2. Why is it required?............................................................................................................................. 3
3. What are its weaknesses and strengths?.................................................................................. 3
Strengths of driverless cars................................................................................................................ 3
Weaknesses of driverless cars........................................................................................................... 3
4. How it is being utilized by businesses?...................................................................................... 4
Ethical issues..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................................... 4
References........................................................................................................................................................... 6

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Introduction
The term driverless cars refer to the automatic care which is a type of vehicle
that has the ability to sense its environment and moving with less human input. In this
advanced generation, the use of information technology is increasing quickly and the
driverless car is a new technology which is now used in the many transportation
industries (Narla, 2013). A driverless car does not require any driver for moving from
one location to another because it can be controlled from any location and users may
track the activities of cars. The key goal of this research is to describe the concept of the
driverless car and identify their importance in the business industries. Most the
transportation companies are developing self-driving cars where they use artificial
intelligence technologies for controlling and managing the cars without any driver.
There are various sections will be included in this report, for example, working of the
driverless car, their importance, strengths and weaknesses and use in businesses and
ethical issues.
Description of the driverless cars
1. How does it work?
Driverless cars are the best examples of the automation which are based on artificial
intelligence technology. In the self-driving cars, human drivers are never needed to take
control to safely operate the vehicle. There working principle of the driverless cars are
based on the computer networks and sensors and also uses numbers of information
technologies. However, developers and engineers combine sensors and software while
developing the self-driving cars in order to control, navigate and drive cars without any
human (Abueh, & Liu, 2016).
There are numbers of business industries developed and implement such kinds of
technologies, for example, Google, Tesla, Uber and so on. Mainly, they use around 64
laser beams along with the numerous kinds of sensors in order to develop the internal
map and they also use artificial intelligence in order to control the functions of cars
from any location. After that software process inputs and transfer data from the
operators to the car system. Moreover, the developers use a high level of algorithms in
order to perform activities and monitoring the traffic rules and navigate obstacles.

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Therefore, using sensors and wireless networks consumers can easily communicate
with the driverless cars and reduce the level of accidents as compared with the driver
based cars.
2. Why is it required?
The self-driving car is an advanced innovation in the field of information technology
where users can control their cars and vehicles from any location. In this modern era,
the use of information technology is increasing rapidly and driverless cars are also
required because of their ability for improving the safety of users and reduce numbers
of accidents on the road (Thierer, & Hagemann, 2015). However, there are few other
reasons and key factors which show the importance and need for self-driving cars in
this generation. These factors include more effectiveness, more efficient for removing
the stigma linked with the accidents, urban design, reduce the level of traffic, passive
income and improve the performance of cars in an effective manner.
3. What are its weaknesses and strengths?
Strengths of driverless cars
There are numbers of advantages of self-driving cars and vehicles which are
described below:
 Reduce traffics from the road
 Decrease the rate of accidents
 Passengers can carry on with other things
 Can be controlled from any location
 Improve the safety of users
 More flexible and reliable
 Mobility for disables consumers (Kaur, & Rampersad, 2018).
Weaknesses of driverless cars
There are following drawbacks of the self-driving cars due to which this technology
is not implemented by all transportation industries:
 Increase the rate of security breaches and attacks
 Potential to be hacked
 More expensive technology

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 Require proper configuration of networks
 Very complex to design and implement (McBride, 2016).
4. How it is being utilized by businesses?
By developing and implementing self-driving cars helps many business industries
for improving their business. Automobile businesses can use driverless cars to offer
better fuel efficient and high-quality cars to their customers. The automobile industries
are changing rapidly as the demand for electronic vehicles is increasing and the demand
for more secured vehicles is increasing as well (Alheeti, Gruebler, & McDonald-Maier,
2015). In this regards, driverless cars play a major role since they are powered by
electricity which reduces the use of petrol and diesel and they are secured because they
reduce the level of human mistakes. Other businesses such as Uber and Lyft can use self-
driving cars to offer transportation services to their customers without facing issues
related to the drivers.
Ethical issues
It is observed that the driverless cars are also associated with the numbers of
ethical issues which will be discussed in this section. Security threats and risks are one
of the common ethical issue linked with the self-driving cars due to which consumers
may be lost data and signals transferred from the system (Bradshaw-Martin, & Easton,
2014). Moreover, self-driving cars also increase the rate of the crosswalk which
increase traffics on the road due to which other consumers can suffer various problems.
Another ethical issue linked with the driverless cars is that it increases the rate of
unemployment and many drivers may lose their jobs because it does not require any
driver for driving the cars (Markwalter, 2017). Moreover, driverless cars do not have
any capability for identifying whether an obstacle is an old person, child or animal
based on which it cannot make rational decision to not hit anything at all as compared
with the human drivers.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it is concluded that driverless cars have the potential
for controlling and managing the rate of traffic and accidents. This report identified the
key aspects of driverless cars and evaluated their working principle along with ethical

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issues. It is identified that the major advantage of the driverless car is that it can reduce
the rate of accidents but security is a serious concern linked with the self-driving cars.
Therefore, it is recommended that developers should focus on the better hardware and
software integration in order to improve the reaction time of these vehicles and adopt
highly secured networks for reducing data breach related issues.

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References
Abueh, Y. J., & Liu, H. (2016). Message authentication in driverless cars. In 2016 IEEE
Symposium on Technologies for homeland security (HST), 12(2), 1-6.
Alheeti, K. M. A., Gruebler, A., & McDonald-Maier, K. D. (2015, January). An intrusion
detection system against malicious attacks on the communication network of
driverless cars. In 2015 12th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications and
Networking Conference (CCNC), 12(6), 916-921.
Bradshaw-Martin, H., & Easton, C. (2014). Autonomous or ‘driverless’ cars and
disability: a legal and ethical analysis. European Journal of Current Legal
Issues, 20(3), 4-6.
Kaur, K., & Rampersad, G. (2018). Trust in driverless cars: Investigating key factors
influencing the adoption of driverless cars. Journal of Engineering and
Technology Management, 48(2), 87-96.
Markwalter, B. (2017). The path to driverless cars [CTA insights]. IEEE Consumer
Electronics Magazine, 6(2), 125-126.
McBride, N. (2016). The ethics of driverless cars. ACM SIGCAS Computers and
Society, 45(3), 179-184.
Narla, S. R. (2013). The evolution of connected vehicle technology: From smart drivers
to smart cars to… self-driving cars. Ite Journal, 83(7), 22-26.
Thierer, A., & Hagemann, R. (2015). Removing roadblocks to intelligent vehicles and
driverless cars. Wake Forest JL & Poly, 5(8), 339.