Impact of Emissions on Health of Road Construction Workers

DISSERTATION

ABSTRACT
With development in economy, the construction of road has been increased at rapid
stages that lead in enhancing emission of harmful gases within the environment. Furthermore,
Air pollution levels remain dangerously high in many parts of the world such as 9 out of 10
people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants. PM, carbon oxide and others are
common harmful gas that has been inhaled by most of the people or working in the construction
sites on regular basis. As all these harmful gases are being generated due to burning of fossil fuel
as well as used of old machinery in order to complete the respective task. Hence, it lead in
impacting on their respiratory system, causing lung cancer, reduce in lung function and inhaling
issue. Government as well as organisation working in construction of road cumulative take steps
to ensure health and well-being of workers through ensuring safe environment and generating
awareness among them. Therefore, this research has depicted crucial information pertaining to
impact of road construction on health of workers.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................5
Background..................................................................................................................................5
Aim..............................................................................................................................................6
Objective......................................................................................................................................6
Research question........................................................................................................................6
Rationale......................................................................................................................................6
Significance of the study..............................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................9
Theme 1: Different types of emissions that are released during road construction work...........9
Theme2: Impacts of emission on the health of road construction workers...............................13
CHAPTER -3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................17
Research type.............................................................................................................................17
Research approach.....................................................................................................................18
Research philosophy..................................................................................................................18
Research design.........................................................................................................................19
Data collection...........................................................................................................................20
Data analysis..............................................................................................................................21
Ethical consideration..................................................................................................................21
Reliability and validity...............................................................................................................22
Research limitation....................................................................................................................23
CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND ANALYSIS...................................................................................24
Emission of noise during the road construction.........................................................................24
Emission of particulate matter during road construction...........................................................24
Emission of nitrogen oxides during the road construction........................................................25
Exposure to Sulphur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide................................................................26
Impact of emission on the health of road construction workers................................................27
Respiratory illness, cardiovascular disease and mortality as well as lung cancer.....................27
Reduced lung function...............................................................................................................28
Lead in causing health issue such as dementia and autism........................................................29
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION..........................................................................................................31

Emission of noise during the road construction.........................................................................31
Exposure to Sulphur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide................................................................32
Emission of nitrogen oxides during the road construction........................................................32
Emission of particulate matter during road construction...........................................................33
Impact of emission on the health of road construction workers................................................33
Respiratory illness, cardiovascular disease and mortality as well as lung cancer.....................34
Reduced lung function...............................................................................................................34
Lead in causing health issue such as dementia and autism........................................................35
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION......................................................36
RECOMMENDATION.................................................................................................................37
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................40

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
Background
Impact of emissions on health among road construction workers has been found to be
severe, as it further has significant impact on overall functional health parameters. UK faces
significant health concerns rising among road construction workers, due to excess emissions
release and less advancement regarding safety standards. There has been rapid decline in proper
facilities maintenance for road construction workers, as this has led to also increased health risks
concerns.
The emissions released from road construction work, has primitive high impact on health
of employees, as it increases health risk variedly with reduced efficiency for proper breathing.
Noise, vibrations, asphalt fumes, poor work postures and physical injuries are some of the major
health hazards found rising among health concerns in road construction workers. Construction
work is highly risky for health of workers, which has rapidly increased respiratory disease found
among people. It has strong link with increased respiratory health issues, dermatological and eye
problems, injuries and risks behaviors which have reported to be rising profoundly within recent
time (Begum and et.al,., 2022). The increased awareness about impact of emissions within health
of construction workers, has been found to be competently crucial as it further develops critical
awareness. Recent study will develop in depth analysis on impact of emissions on health among
road construction workers, and challenges faced which need to be mitigated. Emissions have
fundamental impact, on decline in physical health care facilities and decreased breathing aspects
due to rapid increase in emissions. The carbon emissions, hampers mental alertness, and physical
wellness rapidly among road construction workers where proper facilities availability is missing.
Road construction workers experience exhaustion, stress and mental abilities decline which has
been found to be integral parameter. Recent research will explore optimum new facilities,
standards and vision oriented changes which need to be evolved for integrating best safety
standards for mitigating health risks variedly.
Also study within recent analysis will also determine strategies, that can be taken for
mitigating negative impact of emissions during road construction among workers. The sector of
construction industry faces huge rise in rates of musculoskeletal disorders, where physical
hazards in construction industry includes noise, heat, cold, radiation and vibrations which lowers

health of road construction workers. Also, there has to be new strengthened vision developed on
among road construction parameters for reducing health issues and risks further engaging better
facilities. Road construction workers, also faces huge decline in proper health care facilities
being available for optimum recovery and further technical reduction among new strengthened
competencies. UK further aims to reduce carbon emissions and bring on sustainability, where
practical engagement of new facilities should be done.
Aim
To analyse the impact of emissions on the health of road construction workers.
Objective
 To analyse the different types of emissions that are released during road construction
work
 To analyse the impacts of emission on the health of road construction workers
 To recommend strategies that can be used for mitigating the negative impacts of
emissions during road construction work
Research question
 What are different types of emissions that are released during road construction work?
 What are the impact of emissions on the health of road construction workers?
 What are recommend strategies that can be used for mitigating the negative impacts of
emissions during road construction work?
Rationale
Construction has largest burden of occupational cancer amongst industries, and
construction sector aspects where it has risen for over 40% of occupational cancer deaths among
workers. Construction also impacts rise on highest factors, where noise and vibration also leads
to severe health impact. New strategies have to be formulated for improvising health
concerns, significant new medical facilities developed on for extensive improvement in health of

road construction workers. This further also signifies importance for developing improvement,
and bringing awareness among health parameters within road construction workers. Rationale
behind conducting study is also correlated to essential aspect, where road construction workers
also faces mental health disorders and serious concerns due to low proper management. UK
faces significant increase in health issues related to respiratory disease, and mental disorders due
to emissions increase within carbon. The road construction workers should be given proper
health facilities, and develop proper medical assessment for reducing construction risks
significantly. Research will enable in depth analysis to be developed on for analysing new scale
aspect worked on for healthcare analysis among road constrtuction workers, and how new
measures can be framed by optimising extended development. Study will also enable primitive
analysis done on extended new critical medical facilities, and healthcare services availability
among workers at road construction (Ziabari and et.al, 2022).
Rationale behind conducting this research can be analysed that road construction workers
face various health risks due to emissions, which further lowers vitality within the treatments
advancement The topic within recent study is significant for research, as health concerns and
increased health risks among workers have been increasing rapidly. It has been found to be also
essential, where new strategies have to be formulated for reducing health risks and diseases faced
by road construction workers. Recent study will also explore significant expertise needed for
analysing road construction worker’s healthcare, which also primitively determines that major
paradigms have to be explored. There is specific significance correlated to construction work,
where it develops innovation to further generate wider scale awareness for workers to optimise
new health. The further new critical focus has to be prioritised towards new optimum
parameters, specific vision expansion developed on towards improvising proper new facilities
for road construction workers.
Significance of the study
The significance behind study can be analysed that health concerns among road
construction workers is serious issue, which has evolved as one of the major risk factor evolving.
It can be analysed that carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide are some of the
major types of emissions released during road construction which lowers efficiency standards.
Impact of emissions on health of road construction workers, has been significantly growing
where new strategies should be rapidly formulated for improvising health. It can be analysed that

the research study has been found to be integrally essential, for developing faster improvement in
overall wellness criteria and reducing health risks due to carbon emissions. Unexpected increases
in material costs and damage in working conditions, further have been found to be rapidly
increasing concerns among road construction workers which holds significance behind study.
Significance behind development of new strategies and further practical working competencies,
can be also analysed for implementation in further recovery. Road construction workers, has
been facing visual disabilities and decline in physical well –being which holds significant role to
analyse productive working extended criteria (Guo and et.al, 2022).
Significance behind study is also correlated to developed new scale optimised strategies
development, for improvising construction facilities for workers and lowering overall emissions
and hazards. Also formulation of new safety measures and generating specific functional
recovery options, for all road construction worker’s new paradigms can be explored actively.
There has to be better analysis done to improvise new strategies and better improvement
explored on, based on rapid vision expansion for better optimisation. Evaporative emissions such
as gasoline, auto liquids such as hydrocarbons which are released which hampers overall
wellbeing within health among people. This can be also analysed that health care goals, have to
be further monitored for improved work facilities and healthcare perspectives to evolve on
proper informative scenarios rapidly. Research in recent study will also explore new scale
measures to be evolved on, for primitive competent vision for bringing change and sustainable
changes variedly.