Management in Leadership: Emotional Intelligence and its Association with Leadership Effectiveness

This report emphasis on building more awareness about various aspects connected with Emotional Intelligence, its association with leadership effectiveness and how it can be recognized and taught.

Running Head: MANAGEMENT 0
MANAGEMENT IN LEADERSHIP

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Table of Contents
Emotional Intelligence...............................................................................................................2
Factors of Emotional Intelligence..............................................................................................2
Association of Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness.......................................4
How Emotional Intelligence Can Be Taught.............................................................................5
Emotional Intelligence beyond Tests.........................................................................................5
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................6
References..................................................................................................................................7

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Emotional Intelligence
Before the 20th century, one can perceive intelligence only in some cognitive factors
such as problem solving ability and memory reasoning, however, the recent era brings
various scientists (mentioning a few) Howard Gardner, David Wechsler and Robert
Thorndike, who found the difference between standard cognitive intelligence and non-
cognitive intelligence which is called Emotional Intelligence (Mayer, Roberts and Barsade,
2008). Emotional Intelligence is being aware that emotions can drive the behaviour and
influence people both positively and negatively and understanding how to manage those
emotions to drive success and eliminate hurdles for oneself.
Emotional Intelligence is a term developed by two researchers – John Mayer and
Peter Salavoy and Dan Golemon popularized this term in his one of the publications in 1996.
The discovery of these two researchers illuminates that only IQ is not sufficient for a good
quality life as one need to acquire emotional intelligence or it will be difficult to identify their
feelings and other people responses while giving any expression (Beatson, Lings &
Gudergan, 2008).
This report emphasis on building more awareness about various aspects connected
with Emotional Intelligence, its association with leadership effectiveness and how it can be
recognized and taught.
Factors of Emotional Intelligence
Self-Awareness
It is a condition where an individual has a clear understanding of personality that
consists of strengths, emotions, pattern and feelings. Individuals with self-awareness can
realise other people well as they know how their emotions impact other person. Moreover,
they also recognise their respective goals and know the procedure how to achieve them.
There are three interdependent skills also placed in self-awareness which includes
emotional self-awareness, self-confidence, and accurate self-assessment. Some individuals
create gap from their emotions by including themselves in the activities like drinking,
smoking and even taking of drugs. Though development of emotional self-awareness helps in
identifying oneself feeling with the way an individual body is expressing the feeling.

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People who have built accurate self-assessment acknowledge their strengths and
weakness and also look for an opportunity to further improve and develop themselves. They
make themselves comfortably to share feelings with other and receive feedback so as to boost
self-confidence.
Self-Management
Self-management builds from the base of self-awareness whereby one start to use the
awareness of their feelings to manage themselves. There are many sorts of skills used in self-
management like trustworthiness, self-control, adaptability, conscientiousness, initiative and
achievement orientation.
Self-control gives us competency to refrain our self from wrong reactions in response
to our feelings. It also helps people to do things in the right way that keeps them healthy and
happy. Trustworthiness is a capability to be honest with others and oneself.
Conscientiousness signifies to be careful while doing a task well. Adaptability allows oneself
to fit into any circumstances change time to time and thus allow an individual to address the
fears and handling of other emotions effectively (Giuliani et al, 2011). Achievement
orientation individuals help the people to set up their priorities straightaway whereas
initiative is another skill allow people to constantly improve themselves with exploration of
new thing and thus continuously charge their lives.
Social awareness
This increases an individual ability to recognise and understand other people feelings
as their happiness is associated with other people happiness. There are three key skills
embedded in Social awareness includes Empathy, Organisational awareness and service
orientation.
Empathy helps an individual to sense and respond to people undeclared emotions. For
developing empathy, one need to change the perception with another point of view. In
Organisation awareness, an individual needs to understand the organisation structure that has
an impact on different types of emotions. Beatson, Lings and Gudergan (2008) defined
service orientation as an evolvement from organisation awareness and one need to meet
everyone needs without hurting any feelings for the development of service orientation.

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Social Skills
It is defined as an ability to coordinate the relationship with other people. Individual
who are social are more tend to communicate freely and forming of good and long-term
relationships.
There are several indicators for social skills states as – leadership, conflict resolution, change
catalyst and team work (Mayer, Roberts & Barsade, 2008). As social skills help individual to
interact with various individuals, it could possibly enhance productivity in an enterprise.
Association of Emotional Intelligence and Leadership
Effectiveness
Self-Awareness
Leader can source out different opinions on particular issues by interacting with their
followers and it is important that leader should know their weaknesses and strengths
including of their followers.
Carroll and Levy (2010) stated that there are three types of people that possess
necessary wants to become leader. First set of people includes those who have necessary
leadership qualities, second set includes those who just need a chance to lead, and the third
set of people just want to lead as they acknowledge it as a social responsibility. Considering
all, it can be stated the desire of leadership with these clusters of people calls for some self-
awareness.
Self-Awareness
It is very significant for an effective leader to make long-term bond with the team
members. If leader projected positive emotions, it will back resonance but dissonance will be
developed when a negative emotion is being proposed. Expressing the right emotions and
being empathetic will bring followers on track and that is why emotional intelligence is very
significant for an effective leader (Carroll and Levy, 2010).
Self-Management
It is in the quality of a leader that they can manage themselves effectively and do not
make any decisions quickly. For instance, an ineffective leader may blame his group for not

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accomplishing the deal due to bad presentation but a self-managed leader will explore the
reasons why the group not do well in delivering presentation.
Social Skills
In every organisation, social skills play an important role as without it a leader could
not empathize or inspire their followers. Social skills is a base for the development of
emotional intelligence as it outcomes are positive such as helping people, forming of
relationships and easy conversation. An effective leader always engaged their followers in
social interactions.
How Emotional Intelligence Can Be Taught
Giuliani et at (2011) stated that emotional intelligence can be effectively taught due a
term called as brain plasticity. It defines a brain capability to rearrange itself through an
individual life course by developing new neural connections.
In addition, there are some train consultants also whose job is to guide and teach
individual in developing emotional intelligence and many organisation employ these
consultants to direct their leader on development of emotional intelligence.
Emotional Intelligence beyond Tests
Many studies show that it is possible to identify an individual emotional intelligence
while you are communicating or interacting with them. For example, when you are
interacting with someone and if they speak from your opinion and does not easily unfocussed
by the surroundings but stay attentive on the conversation, it shows that the person has care
about your feelings at a specific time and that indicates emotional intelligence. On the
contradictory side, if they easily get distracted, it project lack of emotional intelligence.

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Conclusion
Leaders need a base of emotional intelligence for expressing positive emotions so as
to deal with people and direct their followers on right track. Many studies show that success
leader attains success as they have applied emotional intelligence during the formal meetings
and while interacting with various people.
In addition, one need to acquire the attributes of emotional intelligence as it projects
well understandings of the emotions and also changes ones perception to perceive others
while expressing specific emotions.

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References
Beatson, A., Lings, I., & Gudergan, S. P. (2008). Service staff attitudes, organisational
practices and performance drivers. Journal of Management & Organization, 14(2),
168-179.
Carroll, B., & Levy, L. (2010). Leadership development as identity
construction. Management Communication Quarterly, 24(2), 211-231.
Giuliani, N. R., Drabant, E. M., Bhatnagar, R., & Gross, J. J. (2011). Emotion regulation and
brain plasticity: expressive suppression use predicts anterior insula
volume. Neuroimage, 58(1), 10-15.
Mayer, J. D., Roberts, R. D., & Barsade, S. G. (2008). Human abilities: Emotional
intelligence. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 59(1), 507-536.