(PDF) Empire, Food and the Diaspora

Research
Methodologies

Table of Contents
SUBMISSION 1: RESEARCH DESIGN PROPOSAL ......................................................1
Chapter 1: Introduction..................................................................................................1
Chapter 2: Research Methodologies.............................................................................3
Chapter 3: Data Analysis...............................................................................................7
Chapter 4: Ethics, Values, Referencing and Presentation............................................7
..........................................................................................................................................9
SUBMISSION 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................10
Chapter 1: Literature Review Introduction...................................................................10
Chapter 2 Literature Review Main Body......................................................................10
Chapter 3: Literature Review Conclusion....................................................................13
REFERENCES................................................................................................................14

SUBMISSION 1: RESEARCH DESIGN PROPOSAL
Topic: How to improve Indian restaurants in Europe.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Overview of Research
Indian restaurant are those which serve Indian food. Indian cuisine includes wide
variety of the traditional and regional cuisines to Indian subcontinent. Indian food is
mainly influenced through religions mainly traditions, Hinduism and cultural choices. In
addition to this, traditional food of India country has been appreciated for fabulous use
of species and herbs. The Indian Cuisine is known for large assortment of the dishes
(Antonio and Griffith, 2017). Cooking style is different from the region to region and it is
divided in to North Indian and South Indian Cuisine. India is famous for its multi cuisine
which available in more restaurants and also hotel resorts. In Europe, there are large
number of Indian Restaurants which provide Indian foods and better satisfaction to
them.
Background of Research
India has been food- loving country having own cuisine. Indian cuisine continues
to enhance in Restaurant industry of India has been developing rapid pace over last
decade and set to be continue for foreseeable future. There are better opportunities to
Indian based restaurant chain to establish in Europe (Bharwani, Mathews and Ghura,
2019). It has a large chain of Indian restaurant and serves high quality food items. In
Europe, there are many Indian restaurants and they provides the tasty food items on the
basis of customers needs and demands. There might be one or two different vegetarian
recipes in restaurant as comparison to non- vegetarian.
Rationale of Research
This present report is based on the improving Indian restaurant in Europe. This
research helps in provide the importance of Indian restaurant and demand. It gives the
proper understanding about particular area in a clear manner. For personal interest,
researcher conduct an investigation and gain deep understanding. On the other hand,
for increasing professional knowledge and increase career, learner perform research

activities. With the help of this, learner can able to conduct any other research in future
significantly (Azhar and et. al., 2013).
Research Aim
The aim of this research examines “How to make improvement in Indian
restaurants in Europe”.
Research Objectives
 To identify factors which Indian Restaurants require to consider to success in
European markets.
 To determine different issues Indian restaurants face in Europe.
 To examine different ways through which India restaurants can improve in
Europe.
Research Questions
 What are factors Indian Restaurants require to consider to success in European
markets?
 What are various issues Indian restaurants face in Europe?
 What are different ways through which India restaurants can improve in Europe?

Chapter 2: Research Methodologies
Research is careful investigation that specific by search for the new facts in any
branch of the knowledge (Collins, Krivokapic-Skoko and Monani, 2015). This is original
contribution to existing knowledge stock making for an advancement. Research
methodology is systematic plan for conduct an investigation effectively. It is process
through which investigators go regarding work of explaining, examining and also
predicting the phenomenon. This includes the particular techniques which mainly
adopted in process of research to gather, assemble and examine data. This explains
tools which are used to collect accurate information in particular research fields.
Type of Investigation
Research methods is defined as processes and techniques which utilised in data
collection to search new information and better understanding regarding the topic. The
research methods are helpful in conduct an investigation in systematic manner.
Qualitative and quantitative are two various kinds of research methods which given
below:
Quantitative method- This method of research is expressed in terms of
numbers and the graphs. It is used to quantify issue through generating the numerical
data that can transformed in to the usable statistics. This mainly used to quantify
opinions, attitudes and some other defined variables from large size sample population.
The qualitative method uses measurable data in order to formulate the facts in an
investigation (Debnath, Prakash and Lokesh, 2012).
Qualitative method- It is mainly dependency on experience of investigators and
questions are used to probe sample. Qualitative method is procedure that is regarding
inquiry. It aids in develop in- depth understanding of issues. It permits for further and in-
depth probing and the questioning is based in responses where investigator tries to
understand feelings and motivation. It is designed in a way that aids to reveal
perception and behaviour of target audience with regards to specific area.
In present investigation, qualitative research method will be used through
researcher because it is subjective in nature and gives in- depth information about
research concept so that positive outcomes can be get (Farrington, Antony and
O’Gorman, 2018).

Research Philosophy
It deals with nature, development and source of the knowledge. It is most m
necessary part of research and able to decide which philosophy should be adopted
through an investigators. The research philosophy is set of assumptions and beliefs
regarding development of the knowledge. It varied on objectives of an investigation and
way to attain set goals within given time period. Different research philosophies are
given below:
Interpretivism philosophy- It contend through subjective interpretation and
intervention in to reality that can understood easily (Fukey and et. al., 2014). This is
epistemology that focus on assessment differences. They focus on the meaning and
also employ many methods to reflect various aspects of issue. It is based on the
naturalistic data collection approach like observations and interviews.
Positivism philosophy- This adheres to factual knowledge that can be gained
by observation consists measurement. It believes that thee reality is stable and also can
be observed as well as explained according to objective viewpoint without interfering
with phenomenon that being studied effectively. This research philosophy works on the
quantifiable observations and also obtained the statistical analysis.
In this present investigation, interpretivism research philosophy will be used
because it helps in analysis of opinions of different authors and gain deep
understanding.
Research Approaches
It is described as plan that involves stages of wider assumptions to the detailed
data collection methods, analysis and then interpretation. This is necessary part of
research and helpful in conducting an investigation in systematic manner. Inductive and
deductive are different research approaches:
Inductive approach- This approach does not include hypothesis formulation. It
aims with research questions and objectives which are require to attain at the time of
research process (Giddens, 2013).
Deductive approach- It is when hypothesis is created from existing theory. It
begins with social theory to search compelling and test implications with the data. The

main aim of this approach is to testing existing theory and make wider generalisations
from particle observations.
Inductive research approach will be used because it gains the new insights and
also provides the new idea or information.
Research Design
It is plan of specifying methods and process of gathering as well as analysed
required information in research area. This is framework of methods which selected
through an investigator to combine different research components in logical way so
issues can be handled effectively. Function of research design is to assure that
evidence that obtained enable to address research issues as possible (Hishamunda
and et. al., 2014). The research design provides way to conduct an investigation in
logical manner. Various research designs are mention below:
Descriptive design- It is scientific methods that consists observing as well as
explaining behaviour of subject without any influencing. This is valid method for
reasoning the particular subjects. It designed to depict participants in accurate manner.
On the other hand, descriptive research mainly focus on explaining characteristics of
population that is studied.
Exploratory design- It is mainly used to find out issue that is not defined in clear
manner. It helps in understanding existing issue but will not give the conclusive
outcomes. It is initial investigation that forms basis of conclusive investigation. Its main
focus on tackle new issues on which the previous investigation has been completed
(Holmboe-Ottesen and Wandel, 2012).
Experimental design- It is collection of the research designs which manipulated
as well as controlled tested for understand casual processes. In this, set of the variable
are kept constant while other are measured as experiment subject.
Descriptive research design will used in this research because it focus on current
issues by data collection process that enable to explain situation in descriptive way.
Data Collection
It is process of collecting qualitative and quantitative information on particular
variables with aim of examining outcomes. Its main objective is to gathering the rich

information and reliable data for the statistical analysis so effective decisions can be
made for an investigation. Different data collection methods are mention below:
Primary method- It is first handed data and gathered through an investigator for
first time. Investigator gathers fresh data when there is unique research problem.
Outcomes of an investigation are accurate and reliable when data is gathered through
researcher directly. This method of data collection is costly and time consuming
(Iomaire, 2015). In this, data and information has been gathered through using the
different sources as questionnaire, observations, focus groups etc.
Secondary method- When data is gathered through some one for his research
and passed by statistical analysis. It is second hand data that available from some other
sources. Advantage of using the secondary data is that it is less expensive and
available in an easy manner. Sources to gather secondary information are articles,
internet sources, magazines etc.
In present investigation, both primary and secondary methods of data collection
are effective in gathering relevant information and data. There will be primary methods
of data collection used by developing questionnaire (Lamberti, 2012). Researcher will
develop questionnaire on the basis of set research area. It provides the authentic
information and reliable data in better way.
Sampling
Sample is group of the people which taken from large size population. Sampling
is process of selecting representative sample from target population to understand
something. It is done in an investigation to produce the accurate outcomes. It is a tool
that indicate how to gather data and in what manner need to gathered. Main purpose of
sampling is to finds the representative samples to neglect bias (Lane, 2013). Different
sampling methods are mention below:
Probability sampling- In this technique, sample chosen from large population
are selected through using this method. Its requirement is that each person in
population has given equal chance of being chosen. It gives better chance to develop
sample that is representative of population. The probability sampling mainly used to
choose at random basis and also predict the responses that will match to overall
population.

Non- probability sampling- It is sampling technique where sampled are
collected in process that does not provide all people in population the equal chance. In
this, group of the sampling technique, investigator chose units from population that they
are interested (Lee and Rammohan, 2017).
There will be random data sampling technique used in probability sampling
because it gives equal chance to chosen respondents and analyse their opinions or
view points regarding specific subject area effectively. Through using this method, 40
respondents will be chosen which can able to provide detailed information.
Chapter 3: Data Analysis
It is described as process of inspecting, modelling and transforming data with an
aim of searching the useful information and also supporting decision- making effectively.
It is related with examining data through using logical and analytical reasoning in
context to examine components of provided data (McNeil, 2013). Under this, researcher
collected data by using questionnaire and gain better understanding about particular
area. For analyse collected data, there will be themes prepare and make interpretations
regarding them for getting positive outcomes. It helps in provide the accurate result and
analyse effectiveness of data.
Chapter 4: Ethics, Values, Referencing and Presentation
Ethics explained as the moral and principles which need to apply on existing
work. The value refers to ideals and principles which aids in making judgement about
important thing. Both ethics and values lay foundation for the purpose of sustainability
(Milovanović, 2014). In addition to this, researcher should focus on implementing all
ethical considerations while conducting an investigation in an effective manner. In a
research, ethical considerations are main components which impact on research
outcomes. The research participants should not harm in any ways and respect their
dignity. It is essential that investigator should imparting the authentic truth, knowledge
and also prevention of error. Researcher should not harm the sentiments of any
respondents and also keep their personal information confidential so that they can not
face any kind of issues.
Time Plan

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SUBMISSION 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Chapter 1: Literature Review Introduction
Literature is explained as collection of the published information in specific
research area for an instance journals and books. Literature review is a kind of account
published on topic through accredited researchers and scholars. Its main purpose is to
convey the better ideas and knowledge about establishes topic in an effective manner.
It determined, examined and also synthesis relevant literature within specific area of an
investigation. Literature review presents more than summary of the relevant sources
effectively. Act of the reviewing included examining people sources and synthesising
them to gain wider area. This part of research conducted by using the secondary
sources such as books, articles and some other (Secchi, Roth Ph D and Verma Ph,
2016). Through all these sources, researcher can able to collect information quickly
without consuming more time. Literature review is critical look at existing investigation
that work significantly about carrying. It helps in develop better understanding to
previous area. The literature review gives background to work through summarising
previous published work. It classifies an investigation in to various categories about how
an investigation in specific areas has been changes over a time through indicating the
historical background. It helps in explaining the previous investigation and also
determine gaps which create issues in conducting an investigation. Under this,
conclusion represents potential outcomes which are examined through an investigator
by conducting detailed research.
Chapter 2 Literature Review Main Body
Factors Indian Restaurants require to consider to success in European markets.
As per opinion of Nusra (2019) India food brand are experimenting with the
international cuisines. Catering to overseas, Indian restaurants are preparing the Indian
dished in lands that far from India. On the basis of survey, there are more than 10000
Indian restaurant across region and growing day by day. Indian online restaurant
service, Zomato is placing the European expansion to launch in almost 18 countries. In
Europe, hospitality is one of largest industry and it is key driver for creation of job ( Siri
and et. al., 2012). In addition to this, European Commission is working to make
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improvement in competitiveness of EU food industry and also functioning of single
market for the food. In Europe, there is high scope to expand business and target new
market, so it is easy to enter in Europe for Indian Restaurants. In order to conducting
business in European markets, there are some factors which need to consider by Indian
restaurants. PESTLE analysis conducted by considering different factors:
Political factors- These factors affecting the fast food industry that can vary
from one country to other. In Europe, there is not political pressure on food sector due
to enhancement in government stability in economic activity and it makes various
regulations to control business activities. So, this factor create an issue to Indian
restaurants to conducting business easily (Soreanu, 2016).
Economic factors- As continent, Europe economy is largest and this is richest
region measured through assets under management. It is the largest national
economies in GDP and large variation of wealth between its countries. So, this factors
helps Indian restaurant to enhance their profit level in Europe.
Social factors- Europe has the main influence in economies, social movements
and culture in world. The people are becoming health conscious and they like the
healthy food items. So, Indian restaurants can provide the healthy and hygienic food
items to people of Europe so that they can be loyal and enhance profit level of Indian
Restaurants (Turda, 2013).
Technological factors- Technology is one of the main factor that impact on
business. In Europe, invention and execution of the new technology resulted in the rapid
urban development, rise in working class etc. Indian restaurants provide their menu on
their websites and deal with the clients.
Different issues Indian restaurant face in Europe
According to author Mehra (2019) In European countries, Indian restaurant face
many issues that become reason of such as: Taste & preference: Indian restaurants provided different flavour in food with too
much oil that is taking as unhealthy in European country. So people does not like
this type of food in the foreign countries (Tripathi and Dave, 2017). The Taste &
preference European people different rather than to Indian people. So they don't
like to eat Indian food in the restaurant. As a result it shows negative impact on
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the restaurant and fall down in the European market. Extra oil and spicy food do
not like by Europeans because they want to live healthy life and stay fit in daily
life. If any businessman wants to establish Indian restaurant in the European
country so face many problems. Ambience is fake: Indian Restaurants look wise lavish and their food look tasty
but in reality they are providing medium food with low quality. Many people
arrived in the restaurant to eat tasty food whenever they visited at the place and
do not find place as per the assumptions made on the appearance at the place.
They are presenting dump the faux arches, fake lamps and terracotta furniture.
These things impact in negative manner on the customer ans they set mentality
that Ambience is fake. Quality of Chef: A good chef should be able to overcome the above issues. It is
major problem of Indian restaurant that face in European countries (Vora, 2013).
Many Indian chef present that they have experience of five star hotel but they
have not. According to their experience they are cooking food which is taste less
and without any perfect knowledge mix any intrigant that harmful for people. In
Indian restaurant mostly chef have experience of two star quality food and
according to that they cooked food for people. As a result it presents negative
impact on the restaurant and people does not arrive in the restaurant. Another
fact is that many Indian restaurant are operated by those people who have a day
job so they are not focusing on staff members. They are trying to copy the
techniques of housewives and grandmothers have perfected. Indian restaurant
abroad don't even care. Quantity of food: There is a whole lot more in India that should be part of the
menu here. In India quantity of food is offering good but into European countries
less than to Indian countries that make disappointed to people. Such as Indian
restaurant serve 15 pieces in the India of any food that is serving 8 piece in
European countries (Walton, 2016). As a result it shows negative impact on the
people mentality and don't like to go Indian Restaurant.
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 The ingredients are bland: There are many vegetables in India which simply do
not grew in European countries. So they are facing many problems to cook
special dishes which are depended on this vegetables. As a result it presents
bad impact on the Indian restaurant and does not cover big area in the market.
As per the above discussion there is defined different issues that face by Indian
restaurant in the European countries. So there is required to find out the solution and
apply effectively. As a result they build up good image and generate more profit.
Examine different ways through which India restaurant can improve in Europe
As per opinion of Mehra (2019) In the Europe, Indian Restaurant face many
issues such as unhealthy food, quantity of food, ambience is fake, quality of chef and
many others. So there is required to find out appropriate ways to improve image in
European countries effectively such as: Market Analysis: To build up Indian restaurant in good position require to
conduct research of customer taste & preference (Zannierah Syed Marzuki, Hall
and Ballantine, 2012 ). Different countries have on taste so according to that they
follow daily life and do not want to change. At this time Indian Restaurant provide
something new that is different from daily life as a result they attract for this and
like to eat into Indian restaurant. Appoint good chef: In Indian restaurant appoint good chef who have actual
experience to work in five star hotel and any good place. According to their
experience they cook healthy food that like by people and love to eat food of
particular restaurant. It helps to increase customer and generate profit. Provide good quality & quantity of food: Indian restaurant present food in own
way that is not like by the European people. It is required to serve food in their
style and mix both food in one recipe. As a result they attract for it and arrive in
the Indian restaurant. So it is required to serve good quality & quantity of food to
European people. Provide healthy food: In European countries people like to stay healthy & fit so
according to that they like to eat healthy food. Indian restaurant provide food too
much oily and spicy that was not like by the foreign people. For this require to
serve food according to their taste & preference and present actuality not fake. It
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helps to develop good image in the mind of people and influence to visit in the
Indian restaurant.
 Taking regular feedback from the customers – The another way to improve
Indian restaurant take feedback from the customers regarding to food & services.
Many people give negative as well as positive feedback. According to that apply
modification that supports to become better for European people. After that they
like to visit in Indian restaurant and eat food happily.
These are different ways which is required to follow by the Indian restaurant to
run business in European countries effectively.
Chapter 3: Literature Review Conclusion
The study into consideration is based on investigating How to improve Indian
restaurants in Europe. The scope of study is wide and helps an individual in developing
idea and knowledge base regarding the similar area of work. Making improvements is
the basic need of a restaurant business as improvements are required for the growth
and development of business in effectual manner. The idea behind making
improvement in the Indian restaurant in Europe is achievement of growth and success
via grabbing attention of more and more customers, as the taste preference in Europe is
different from the taste of Indian food. Therefore it is important for Indian restaurants to
make appropriate changes in their facilities for the purpose achieving higher competitive
advantages via developing their operations. From the analysis of the project it has also
been identified that there are multiple difficulties like taste of people, ambience, quality,
quantity of products etc. and these are mainly faces by the Indian restaurants. However,
for addressing these issues restaurant businesses are concern over analysing the
market for determining the changing taste and preferences of people at Europe, this
could be positively resulted in attaining growth and competitive edge. There is also an
effective way to improve operations is, taking regular feedbacks from the customers in
respect to taking positive views of the people, that may create value in assisting the
restaurant or its management in making suitable improvements.
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Online
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