Role of Employee Benefits Programs on Productivity of UK Hospitality Industry

This research project aims to determine the roles of employee benefits program and their impact on the productivity of the UK hospitality industry, with a focus on Hilton Hotel. The literature review covers the concept of employee benefits programs, their importance in the hospitality industry, and different types of benefits offered. The methodology includes primary and secondary research methods. The study aims to identify the challenges faced by Hilton while offering employee benefits programs and how they can improve productivity.

RESEARCH PROJECT
Role of employee benefits programs on
productivity of UK hospitality industry

Contents
Topic: To determine the roles of employee benefits program and their impact on the productivity
of hospitality industry......................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Research Aim and Objectives .....................................................................................................2
Research Questions......................................................................................................................2
Research Rationale ......................................................................................................................2
Problem Statement ......................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2....................................................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................................................5
To identify the roles of employee benefits programs in encouraging employees towards their
work within Hilton Hotel.............................................................................................................8
To examine the different types of employee benefits offered to workforce of Hilton for
improving their productivity......................................................................................................10
To discuss the challenges faced by Hilton while offering employee benefits program to
employees..................................................................................................................................12
Chapter 3: Research Methodology.................................................................................................15
3.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................15
3.1 Research philosophy............................................................................................................15
3.2 Research approach...............................................................................................................15
3.3 Research strategy.................................................................................................................16
3.4 Research method..................................................................................................................16
3.5 Data collection methods.......................................................................................................17
3.6 Data analysis methods..........................................................................................................17
3.7 Sampling..............................................................................................................................18
3.8 Ethical considerations..........................................................................................................19
3.9 Research scope and limitation.............................................................................................19
3.10 Conclusion.........................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21

Topic: To determine the roles of employee benefits program and their impact on the
productivity of hospitality industry.
INTRODUCTION
Running a business and managing the functions of workplace employees are important as
they contribute to work and support to managing the activities. To have skilled and talented
employees could be an opportunity for organization to grow their business and attain higher
productivity (Li, Bonn and Ye, 2019). It is important for an organization to identify the issues
pertaining to the business environment and suggest options which can be used to resolve the
issues. Human resource management has a major role as it identifies the vacant position and
recruits skilled and talented people who can work flexibly and support them to manage their
functions properly. The HR management receive feedback time to time as to what issues they are
facing, then provide the optimum solution with benefits that could help to retain employees for
long periods of time.
There are various employee benefits that could be provided to employees that could help to
develop organizational productivity. It is important for management to run the different types of
employee benefit programmes that can influence employees and motivate them to work
continuously. To understand the role of employee benefits programs in the productivity of the
UK hospitality industry, Hilton Hotel has been selected as one of the leading multinational
hospitality industries in the UK, providing rooms, accommodation, and food services to its
customers that influences the number of people and gets work done. It is important for an
organization to identify the issues faced by employees and make efforts to solve them to run the
business effectively.
The researcher will use quantitative data by conducting primary as well as secondary
research. Formulating regulations in relation to employee benefits could be more effective as it
brings changes in existing performance and provide formal benefits that can help to develop
organizational performance (Asadi, and et.al., 2020).
Hilton Hotels is a leading global brand organisation in hospitality industry, was founded
by Conrad Hilton. There are more than 584 Hilton Hotels & Resorts properties with 216,379
rooms in 94 countries and territories across six continents. The brand is targeted at both business
and leisure travellers with locations in major city centers, near airports, convention centers, and

popular vacation destinations around the world (About Hilton Hotel,. 2022). The managers of
such hotel understand the needs and wants of their employees and provides benefits that can help
to regulate the business. The current research report covers aim and objectives, research scope,
literature review, and research methodology that can help to develop the understanding and skill
properly.
Research Aim and Objectives
Research aim
To determine the roles of employee benefits program and their impact on the productivity
of hospitality industry. A study on Hilton Hotel UK.
Research objectives
 To understand the concept of employee benefits program within hospitality industry.
 To identify the roles of employee benefits programs in encouraging employees towards
their work within Hilton Hotel.
 To examine the different types of employee benefits offered to workforce of Hilton for
improving their productivity.
 To discern the challenges faced by Hilton while offering employee benefits program to
employees.
Research Questions
 What role do employee benefits programmes play in motivating employees to deliver a
high quality service within the hospitality industry?
 What types of employee benefits are offered to employees of Hilton Hotel UK to improve
motivation & productivity?
 How effective are employee benefits programmes at achieving their stated goals?
Research Rationale
The main rationale of doing the study is regarding the role of employee benefits in
developing organizational productivity and performance. This is important to organization to run
the employee benefits programmes that can help to develop the organizational performance by
influencing number of customers in hospitality industry. This report is done to assemble in-depth
information about the concept of employee benefits within an organisation. It has been seen that
employees are important assets for the business industry as they understand the goals and

contribute to managing the functions. This report focuses on carrying out roles performed by an
employee benefit program to encourage the workforce to do their assigned work, and can help to
develop organizational productivity. The report will help to attain personal as well as
professional goals. With respect to personal perspective, researchers will gain knowledge about
motivation and inspiration which is necessary for individuals and support to manage all the
functions (Sun, Lee, Law, and Zhong, 2020). Moreover, professional skills in the form of getting
roles in employee benefits programs benefit in improving organizational productivity. This will
help to attain the goals by collecting information and data properly.
Problem Statement
The major problem identified in the current report is that there are a number of
employees working in the workplaces, who identifying their needs and expectations in the
context of benefits is quite difficult. The employer of each organization should identify the needs
and provide various benefits which can help to develop the organizational performance. The
individual should have proper information and data regarding employee issues that affect
organizational productivity negatively.
Dissertation Structure
Chapter 1: Introduction – This chapter has introduced the topic for the study and
provided a clear scope and problem statement together with a series of research questions that
allows the study to achieve its stated aims. The current topic of research is to identify the roles of
employee benefits programs and their impact on the productivity of the hospitality industry,
where to Hilton Hotel is used to explain and help to manage all the functions. The researcher will
determine the aims and objectives, rationale, problem statement, and structure that develop the
understanding effectively (Waqanimaravu, and Arasanmi, 2020).
Chapter 2: Literature Review – The literature review is the chapter which consider
information regarding topics and objectives that are prepared by researchers in order to manage
functions. This chapter has introduced the topic for the study and provided study by containing
all objectives. The current research is about identifying the roles of employee benefits programs
and their impact on the productivity of the hospitality industry, where objectives were answered
by gathering information and data properly. It is important to each organization to evaluate the
reason for employee turnover and bring changes in their workings that could help to retain the
employees for long periods of time.

Chapter 3: Research Methodology – The methodology is the selection of the best
method and option out of many that could help to develop the understanding and skills of a
researcher by analysing information. This chapter has introduced the research methods by
explaining different types of methodology while conducting the research as it helps to take the
right action. Currently, the report is explaining the roles of employee benefits programs in
improving organizational performance.
Chapter 4: Results and Finding – Chapter 4 is related to finding the results by
preparing charts and tables that can help to obtain the information effectively. This chapter has
introduced the topic for the purpose of finding results on the basis of collective data. Once
literature review and methodology has been done, then the next phase is results and finding by
using primary as well as secondary methods that can help to attain higher performance and
productivity. The researcher will use a questionnaire under primary research and literature
review will be used under a secondary method that supports managing the functions and
activities effectively (Alam, Hassan, Bowyer, and Reaz, 2020).
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation – This chapter relates to concluding
information which states overall plans and strategies used by companies to improve their
performance. In relation to the current report, the conclusion part will help to explain the
information regarding how roles of employee benefit programs influenced people to attain higher
performance and how it could influence them to retain staff for long periods of time.

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
The management of each organization should have proper details about employee's
expectations and provide the various benefits which could help to accept the challenges and
supports to attaining performance. In each business industry, employers have a major role as it
identify the vacant position and recruit skilled as well as talented people (Hafeez, and et.al.,
2019). The management needs to focus on different strategies and programs that could be run by
employees for the purpose of satisfying people and getting work done. Thus, it can help to
develop organizational performance and productivity effectively. The literature review is
explained below:
To understand the concept of employee benefits program within hospitality industry.
Gatling, and Kim (2019) define an employee benefit programme as an event or program
run by an employer for the purpose of providing benefits to their employees. In a business
organization, a number of people work collectively who identify the organizational goals and
give their contribution to accomplish the business goals (Employee benefits program. 2022). It is
important to each industry to analyse the environment and state various strategies which can be
used to for the number of people and get work done. Employees are the main assets of an
organization who are involved in business activities and provide support to accomplish the
organizational goals collectively. The hospitality industry is designed to offer accommodation
and food services to their customers that can help to attain a higher performance. The benefits
programs could be considered as the most substantial costs faced by employers. From the
monetary benefits view, 40% of total compensation and benefits are offered to employees (Kim,
Rhou, Topcuoglu, and Kim, 2020).
The management requires to have proper information and details regarding specific
products as well as services which could help to manage all the functions accurately. The
employer in the hospitality industry should run the achievement award program, paid vacation,
health insurance, social security, perks and bonuses that directly influence the number of people
and support accomplishing business goals (Darvishmotevali and Ali, 2020).

According to Neelie Verlinden (2019), employees' benefit programs' cover the indirect
pay of the workforce. There can be stock options, insurance and other myriads of things offered
to the employees. When two occupations can offer the exact same salary, then they can vary
greatly in terms of the benefits, thus, making one offer a better financial proposition than the
other. It mainly highlights the significance of the employees' benefits in benefits. Employee
benefits have been considered as a tool used by business organizations within the hospitality
industry with the purpose of attracting potential applicants, reducing turnover, maintaining
competition and improving employee satisfaction. Benefits that most organisations offer include,
but not limited to dental and medical coverage, time away from work, retirement & additional
assistance at the time of life-changing events (Hafeez and et.al., 2019). The workforce having
full access to their benefits essentially plays a crucial role in the organisation's development.
Most significant employee's benefits mainly include those that support the worker's financial and
personal health. More comprehensive the organisational benefits package, more competitive its
likely to be in workforce. Few of the most significant employee benefits are healthcare, paid time
off. These act as motivating elements for the workers, who in turn work to attain the success of
organization (Li, Bonn and Ye, 2019).
It has been seen that employers should have a strategy and planning for the purpose of
operating their business regularly and support to develop their organizational productivity.
Allowing staff to select the personal benefits will, hopefully, retain employees. There are various
monetary benefits which are applied by companies for the purpose of influencing and retaining
the employees at the workplace for long periods of time. In the hospitality industry, a number of
people work collectively who understand their roles and perform their responsibilities to
accomplish the business goal (Bhavya, and Satyavathi, 2017). There is theory of motivation
which can be used by Hilton hotel to motivate their employees such as:
Maslow theory: This theory is related to basic needs and wants which make feel them happy
and motivate to work. Management of Arm Holding uses this theory as:
Physical motivation: It involves basic needs such as air, water, shelter, food and sleep to
live, which are provided by the management of Hilton hotel in order to motivate employees.

Safety needs: Once people have been satisfied with basic needs, then they want safety
needs which are provided by managers in a chosen organisation that helps to manage activities
and increase business activities.
Social needs: This is another need which is required to generate a feeling of being social
that makes employees feel good towards employees in relation to the Hilton hotel (Cunningham,
2019).
Esteem motivators: The management of Hilton hotel provide motivation by recognising
achievements and assigning projects effectively. If employees get esteem in front of everyone,
then they work more.
Self-actualisation: In this, employees of the chosen organisation analyse their
performance by accepting challenges which help to complete the task in a certain period and
motivates people to work more.
According to the Torres and Zhang (2021), employee benefits are considered as a form of
compensation provided by the business organisation along with the salaries or wages which are
paid for in whole or in part by the employer. Nowadays, employee's benefits are becoming a
major component of employee compensation, which can determine whether a worker will take a
specific job & remain in it or not. It has been analysed that packages of the employee benefit
package are significant for employees' well-being within a hospitality organisation as it is a non-
monetary reward that employees gain along with their wages and salaries. These benefits bring
improvement in the quality of employee performance within an organisation. All employees
have the right of access to an employee act that analyses all the benefits which should be offered
to the workforce during or after the working period. Employee benefits included in the
organisational compensation package are crucial elements when searching for a job. Benefits
help employees pay for healthcare, save for retirement & take time off work when required.
Organisations have the choice of choosing whether to offer other common benefits including
health insurance, paid vacation, life insurance, retirement plans. Companies typically provide
various additional benefits in order to be competitive when hiring & to keep their workforce
healthy, happy & productive.

To identify the roles of employee benefits programs in encouraging employees towards their
work within Hilton Hotel.
As per opinion of Darvishmotevali, and Ali (2020), Employee encouragement is an
intrinsic and internal drive to put necessary efforts and action done towards related activities.
Employee motivation is the level of energy, commitment, and creativity that company's
employees bring to their jobs. This is important to organization to have skilled and talented
employees who could understand their responsibilities that helps to develop the organizational
productivity. Employee motivation is a key to an organization's success, which is applied by
organization for the purpose of managing their functions and activities. Employee Benefits are
the indirect and non-cash compensation paid to an employee. These benefits are given to
employees over their salaries and wages. Motivation is positive aspect that could be followed by
organization for the purpose of running their business and accepting the changes to improve
performance. In other words, encouragement is the act of providing positive feedback, mainly
focuses on efforts and improvement rather than specific outcomes. In each industry, employer
should understand their responsibility and provide the various benefits which could help to
attaining the higher outcomes. Hilton is the multinational leading hotel, where employees works
continuously as employer treat well and provide them benefits. The roles of employee benefits
programs are explained below:
Attract the most talented employees – Benefits programs are important strategy of
organization which used by employer to influence and attract the talented staff at the workplace.
In relation to Hilton Hotel, employer attracted employees by offering health care benefits,
travelling, and other source of revenues that can help to fill the vacant position and complete
task.
Minimize employee turnaround – Employees who works in an organization decides to
work for long period as they are receiving the benefits which could help to regulate the business
regularly. It has seen that employees are leaving their organization due to lack of motivation that
directly affect the organizational productivity. By providing employee benefits Hilton Hotel,
employees could be influenced to work systemically that can help to minimize the employee
turnaround. The employees of selected hotel feel secure stable while working as employer
thinks for employee welfare.

Keep a healthy workforce – Having a healthy workforce could be effective to
organization as it never has to become a complicated root while managing the business functions
and activities. If any staff feel unhealthy and sick, then employer should provide the sick leave
and other health related benefits that could help to develop the organizational functions and
activities effectively. In relation to Hilton Hotel, employee benefits programs is playing the role
of getting healthy workforce that can help to develop the organizational functions and activities
effectively.
Boost employee productivity – If employees are participating in benefits program then it
could be effective to boost their productivity as it supports to managing the all functions and
activities effectively. If an employer have hired a more talented, motivated workforce that can
buckle down and get things done. In relation to Hilton Hotel, employer helped their employees to
stay healthy, giving them physical capability to stay productive too. The management also helps
their staff to identify the issues and resolve which supports to attaining higher performance.
Enjoy better worker morale – Having good employee benefits could improve the
employee’s morale that leads to better workplace. It has seen that employer of Hilton Hotel, runs
various programs that can help to boost the employees’ morale and supports to accomplish the
business goals.
According to the Bhavya and Satyavathi (2017), employee benefits program play a
crucial role in encouraging the employees towards their work as employee benefit programs
increase value of the working for a specific organisation like Hilton and also improve employee's
health & quality of life. When candidates apply for a job then they look at the benefits that every
organisation offer along with the salary to its employees. Therefore, Hilton offer a good benefits
package to its employees that show that respective hospitality hotel cares about its workforce.
Benefits such as workplace perks. Tuition reimbursement, paid time off and other wellness
program make the organisational employees feel valued and respected. It lead to the employee
who are happy and satisfy to be in their given job role, loyal to the firm & motivated to perform
better. As few organisation like Hilton offer the retirement benefits to its employees that allow
workers to put a pretax % of their earning towards their retirement saving. It help in providing a
well organised & reliable way through which employees can save their money & also plan their
financial future for their families and themselves as well. Along with this employee's benefits
also improve the work life balance including generous or unlimited aid time off, ability to work

from home, vacation time and flexible hours. Such kinds of the benefits help in reducing the
employee's stress & also fatigue & prevent burnout. As resulting it make the employees likely to
be more productive at their work & at home. At last the employee benefits encourage the
employees towards their work as it improve their focus and productivity. Excellent benefits
package which offer perks including disability insurance, health insurance and paid time off can
prevent the workers from worrying regarding things like medical expenses & child care. It make
the employees more confident about their personal matters before, during and after work, due to
this they focus properly on their work & career advancement.
According to the Kaushiki Datta Chaudhury (2022), Role of the employee benefit is not
only one- it improve the employee engagement, productivity and organisational growth, but it
also set the organisation apart from their competitors within market place. It help them in
attracting and retaining talented recruits. In context of Hilton, offering employee benefit
program facilitate an increment in the employees engagement that reduce the employee turnover
rate. It also ensure that fewer & fewer workers leave the organisation. Thus, by retaining old
workforce & reducing the employee turnover cut the hiring and on boarding cost that can be
quite hassle-some & pretty expensive, not to mention time consuming. Apart from this, in case of
the employee well programs, that include team activities such as yoga, mediation and Zumba, an
increased improvement in the team spirit that can be seen among the workers, that help the
organisation in holistic functioning of organisation. As Hilton offer various kinds of the benefits
to its employee say a lot regarding the organisational culture and environment. Thus, offering the
employees benefits also established culture of welfare & well-being, that can tell the workers of
respective organisation that company care about employee & are reduce to invest in worker's
future, hence creating the workplace culture of consideration & thoughtful concern.
To examine the different types of employee benefits offered to workforce of Hilton for
improving their productivity.
According to Gurleen Sohal (2022), Hilton is a world renowned employer as it keeps its
employees happy. It provides various employee benefits to its workforce. Four of these
employee benefits are mentioned below:

Discount on the hotel rooms- Its employees can book up to two hotel rooms at a discount.
Additionally, employees can also book more than 2 rooms with friends and family rate on the
same night. Annually they can book around 30 nights with the team members rate and around 70
rooms nights per year with friend and family rates.
Health & welfare benefit- Hilton offer the health insurance across the worldwide that
covers a good portion of the employees’ health insurance premiums. Respective hotel company
gets to claim the contributions as tax deductions, & employees are given coverage tax-free.
Hilton also facilitate the health savings account which includes maternity cover for the pregnant
women. Generally, these benefits ensure that employee can afford in order to maintain their
health & seek medical treatment when required.
Retirement and financial benefits - As retirement is a concern that Hilton eases for its
workforce. Respective organisation provides a retirement plan, that pays the retirees a planned
amount. It also offer a pension to in which business helps employees save & invest for the
retirement. Hilton has facilitated various plan for its employees including defined benefit pension
plan, 401(k) plan with the contribution matching up to 5% of the employee’s salary, defined
contribution pension plan, profit-sharing by purchasing stock as an opportunity to invest within
company & build wealth.
Children benefit- Corporate employees are facilitated with in-house subsidized daycare
for worker's children. It is considered as a weight off employees shoulders as it is very
convenient to drop off & pick up their children on the way to & from work, saving their time &
money.
According to Samuel, (2021) Hilton offer various benefits to its employees at global
level. Its workforce can access all these perks through logging onto official Hilton employee
benefits site. It has been analysed that around 93% of workers feel that Hilton provide a great
environment to work. Based on the numerous online review of Hilton's employees, respective
organisation facilitates an inclusive and supportive working community. This hotel recognise
significance of its employee's mental health. Therefore, Hilton has come up with numerous
mental health campaigns in which it offers guidance and other resources for its workers to use in
order to ensure employee's mental well-being. Apart from this, Hilton has conducted an
employee education assistance program in which it has provide around $1000 to each workers

annually. Respective hotel has revised its employee education assistance program in order to
incorporate the Cengage’s Career Online High School program. Beside it, Hilton employee
benefits also facilitate peace of mind to employees in what can be challenging times. Knowing
that they are covered in such types of the situations can give workers space to pay more focus on
their performance. For this Hilton offer severance pay, life insurance, accidental death &
dismemberment insurance and temporary disability insurance.
As per the Neelie Verlinden (2022) there are four major types of employee benefit which
are medical insurance, life insurance, retirement plans and disability insurance. These are the
benefits which is considered as one of the most important for an organisation. Beside this, there
are other benefits such as working hours and leave, health and wellness, good relationship with
management team, financial benefits, reward benefits and many others. Every employee need a
break from long working hours and this is the duty of the employer to provide appropriate break
time to their employees so that they will get time to get refreshments and boost up their power.
Providing rewards to employees act as one of the most important motivation factor for the
employees. Reward benefits will help to encourage employees to perform well for the company
and stay longer within the company (Verlinden, 2022). Employees also expect that their
employer will allow them appropriate leave benefits whenever they need. Especially female
workers need leaves for their maternity cases. Hence, providing appropriate leaves to pregnant
workers and ill employees for their health benefits is essential. Paid leaves should be given to
employees on annual basis. These benefits are required to discuss with employees by the HR
manager of the company so that employees will get to know about what all benefits they will get
while working within the organisation.
To discuss the challenges faced by Hilton while offering employee benefits program to
employees.
According to Stacey Gierut, (2019), It is an effective practice to work closely with every
employee in order to identify their needs, navigate business model's challenges & leverage an
emerging best practices for helping them create the employee benefit package that actually
support their employees. But there are few pressing challenges that organisations like Hilton
faces when offering the employee benefits program within organisation.

1. Rising healthcare costs- Medical procedure, prescription drugs and doctors visit has
become very expensive than before, and it is challenging to envision that paradigm
reversing in near future. Along with this, media coverage surrounding healthcare cost is a
good practice illustrating impact on individual’s patients, but it increases a burden on the
business frequently goes unvoiced.
2. Out of date & vision plan- It is not easy to provide employee benefit as technology has
improved due to which new approaches have been innovated & care has gotten very
expensive. For several organisations with a legacy approach to benefits, their dental &
vision plans are just out-of-step with times. In organisations, dental plans need to account
for the new approaches like implant dentistry & cover wider range of the surgical
procedures in order to make a great dentistry accessible to more individualise. Likewise,
vision plans should account for disciplinary laser procedures, innovative cataract
removals & so on.
3. Staying current in changing market- Due to legislation changes, HR responsibilities
are also increasing constantly. Additionally, in order to balance their regular workload,
many HR professionals need to learn new skills and roles that include staying up to date
& appropriately collecting or managing the employee's data to report to IRS.
According to Gail Sessoms, (2020) all the organisations contend with the use of common
to provision of the employee benefits. Hilton also facing various challenges when offering the
employee's benefits. when offering the employee benefit, then it impacts the organisational cost
that impact their profitability, investment decisions, hiring and expansion. Managing the
employee's benefit plan add to the legal & financial accounting services. Along with this,
Organisations employees frequently pay a higher portions of cost of the employee benefits plans
which provide only fewer choices, frequent changes and less flexibility in providers & policies.
Therefore, employees who are not capable to afford cost may choose plans which do not meet
them opt or needs out of benefits plans. Along with respective organisations also have to comply
with Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, that establishes the standards for
management of the certain voluntary health and severance plans. This act mainly includes the
provisions for control of the plan assets & for creation for the formal grievance & appeal
procedures.

As per the point of view of Stewart Still (2019) there are some major challenges for a
company while offering employee benefit program to employees. First is employee retention
which means to convince employees to remain with the organisation for longer period of their
professional life. While providing employee benefits, employer is required to analyse which
employee will stay in the company for longer period of time and which will not (Still, 2019).
Then they must provide priority of benefits to those employees who will stay longer in the
company because this will help them to motivate well to work as per the requirement of the
company. Another issue faced by employer while providing employee benefit is controlling the
cost, sometimes employer's main purpose is to satisfy their employees and provide them all those
benefits which they demanded like bonus, fringe benefits and many others. Employer is required
to fulfil all benefits of employees while controlling the cost because sacrificing organisational
benefit for employees benefit is not good for overall growth of a company. Another important
challenge which need to focused by employer while providing employee benefit is meeting
diverse expectation. A organisation is having various kinds of employees on the basis of their
culture and requirements. Hence, their needs and wants from the organisation is also different
from one another. Therefore, it is essential for the employer to analyse the need and wants of
each employee within the organisation and try their best to fulfil those needs which is demanded
most in the organisation. Balancing priorities are another issues faced by employer while
managing employee benefit programmes.

Chapter 3: Research Methodology
3.0 Introduction
In research activity, this section is taken as a blueprint of the investigation where research
practitioner will assess that how and in which mode they carry out their research work. This acts
as a systematic plan where research type, method along with strategy has been chosen by the
researcher to finish their research work. Saunder's research onion is useful to elaborate the
research methodology elements and all are mentioned below:
3.1 Research philosophy
This layer refers to a set of principles concerning the world-view. It involves different
types of philosophy that can be taken by the researcher in their practice such as pragmatism,
realism, interpretivism and positivism. Pragmatism philosophy mainly covers such research
designs which best suits for the investigation. It covers separate decision-making within the state
which happen in the actual world. It aims to find and assess the problems and providing right
solution to resolve them based on real time problem. Realism philosophy of research defines as a
conception of independence of actuality from human knowledge. Interpretivism philosophy deals
with the qualitative research where researcher can work through theories or concepts. Whereas,
positivism philosophy aims to interpret quantitative information. It helps in clearing and briefing
the information for further discussion. It neglects descriptive theories based on the human
emotions and feelings. In current research, positivism philosophy is used by the researcher as the
research is based on the quantitative research where all data and information is collected in
numbers. It is beneficial to use positivism philosophy because it is provide structure
methodology to accumulate data. It also gives practical and scientific results for the research.
3.2 Research approach
Research approach refers a way that how research issue is going to be addressed or
resolved by the researcher. Inductive and deductive are two modes to resolve research problem.
Deductive approach is used when hypothesis is needed to be developed and the investigator is
needed to analyse the data through the method of observation. While, inductive approach will be
used when the researcher need to develop conceptions and theories along with it is more suitable
in qualitative research. In this research project, the investigator is used deductive approach
because a suitable level of research is needed to interpret the key findings and when suitable

research is done then it is useful for research practitioner to encompass valid and relevant
information in the research. Thus, it can be said that deductive approach is useful to test the
validity of the assumptioVerlinden N., 2022ns based on the research topic.
3.3 Research strategy
Research strategy refers to the way to accumulate certain information and data for the
purpose of investigation. There are many types of strategy that can be used by the research
practitioner such as survey, interview, case study, observation, literature review, action oriented
research and much more. Action oriented research is the way where investigator gets a direction
towards transformation or suggestion for any form of change. Interview helps in gathering
information from a small size of sample. Case study aims to concentrates on in-depth study of an
individual case and the information is gathered from several sources. While, survey is a strategy
that is used to gather information with the help of questionnaire instrument. It helps in collecting
quantitative information for the research project. In case of current research, the investigator is
used both strategies- interview and questionnaire to make the research more reliable and
accurate.
3.4 Research method
This phase is important for the researcher to carry out their research activity. There are
different methods can be chosen by the investigator to meet aim and objectives of the research
and these methods can be mono, mixed and multi method of research. Mono method is used by
the researcher where researcher focuses on either quantitative or qualitative research. Mixed
method is the method where researcher uses both kind of research i.e. quantitative and qualitative
research. Multi method is used when two or more research activities are performed and each one
finish in itself to meet the research aim and objectives. Qualitative research is the research where
all data and information is collected in non-numeric form to understand the opinions, concepts
and experiences. It helps in attaining in-depth insights into a problem or make new concepts for
research. Whereas, quantitative research aims to use information in numbers, statistic and
strategic way to cover research topic. In context of following research, the investigator used both
types of research quantitative and qualitative to cover the topic of research. Thus, it can be said
that mixed method is used by the researcher to make study more relevant and valid.

3.5 Data collection methods
It is considered as an essential layer of the onion model where researcher focuses on the
techniques along with procedures to be adopted by them. There are two forms of data collection
method that are primary and secondary, together with quantitative and qualitative. Primary data
refers to the information which is gathered directly by the investigator, either through telephonic
manner or face to face conversation. It is first handed information where investigator directly
interacts with the respondents to collected data either qualitative or quantitative information.
There are many key benefits of using primary data such as specific in nature, accurate, reliable,
authentic as well as up to date information which provides value to the overall research activity.
Through primary data collection method, the investigator can gather authentic and specific data
which creates validity because it is assembled in front of investigator. Thus, when investigator
assemble information then they ensure that they information will add validity and authenticity
towards research. The disadvantage of using this method is that it consumes time and needs cost
to gather the information from respondents. When primary information is using then it makes
researcher to have a time to make questionnaire, share it to the participants and waiting for their
responses and sometimes the questionnaire is resending to the respondents that consumes time.
On the other hand, secondary data collection is the method where researcher collects information
through published sources, books, journals, government websites, articles and so on. It is known
as second hand method of data collection where information is already collected by someone
else. The key benefits of using this data collection method is that it does not need much time or
cost to collect information as data is already available on the sources. While, the disadvantage of
secondary collection method is that there is no surety that data is up to date, valid to the research
topic, lack of authenticity and much more. There are many articles or journals on the internet
which is not up to date and remain unchanged that creates invalidity and inauthenticity on the
information. Therefore, in this research project, it is beneficial to use both primary and secondary
data to make valid and authentic research project. It helps in meeting research aim and purpose
for the researcher effectively.
3.6 Data analysis methods
Data analysis is a method of cleaning, modelling and transforming information to make
valid and useful information for the research project. It aims to extract beneficial information
from the collection and taking the information based upon the data analysis. The data analysis

tools are depending on the researcher whether they are analysing qualitative or quantitative data.
There are many tools and techniques to analyse data in a research and these can be frequency
distribution table, thematic analysis and many more. In current research, the researcher used
frequency distribution table to analyse their quantitative information. This tool is used to show
information in tabular form where graphs, pie charts etc. are used to interpret the information.
The key benefit of using this tool are it is helpful to organise data in intelligible and meaningful
manner, it permits readers to ascertain the shape or nature of the distribution, it gives
computational procedures for track speed and average and many more. Thus, it can be said that
frequency distribution table is beneficial to be used in the quantitative research where
investigator analyse data through pie charts, diagrams, or graphs.
3.7 Sampling
Sampling delineates as a technique of opting members in a separative way or making
subset of the population to make numeric reasoning from them and figuring attributes of the
entire population. In research, investigators use different types of methods of sampling such as
probability and non-probability method of sampling. The reason to opting a particular sampling
method is that investigator will not necessitate to investigate the whole population to accumulate
actionable insights. Probability sampling method refers to the method where research practitioner
sets a selection of certain criteria and selects members of a population on a random basis. In this
all members will provide with an equal chance to be a part of the sample. Whereas, non-
probability method of sampling denotes that investigator opt individuals for investigation at
random. It is not predefined or fixed selection process which creates difficulty that all members
will not have equal chance to be included in the sampling process. In current investigation, the
researcher used probability method of sampling, where random sampling is used in order to
select respondents without any biasses (Clausen, Borthwick and Rutledge, 2021). The benefit of
using random selection is that it save time and resources and members can be chosen without any
kind of biasses that makes research authentic and valid. Also, it forms powerful statistical
interferences about the entire population. As the current research is based on both quantitative
and qualitative method, in questionnaire the respondents are 20 and in interview, the respondents
are 8.

3.8 Ethical considerations
Th following are some ethical considerations which are required to complete the research
in an ethical way. In context of current research, the researcher concentrates on mentioned
ethical considerations:
 The current research is not harm any human sentiments, emotions or mental health.
 This research is also completed by taking considerations that human physical health is
also important and thus it is also not harmed by the researcher.
 In primary research, responses are taken by member's consent and they are aware about
the aim and objectives along with purpose of the research. Researcher not forced anyone
to become the part of the research activity as it is against ethics.
 The current research is wholly completed by the researcher himself and no content is
copied or duplicate from any source. Thus, it can be said that the research is free from
plagiarism and misconduct.
 Data Protection Act is used by the researcher to protect the data of respondents that they
give in the research project (Zorko, 2021). They provided different information such as
name, personal contact details such as phone number, residential address, email address
and many more. And, researcher carefully handle such information while storing and
securing from any kind of hacking system and threat.
3.9 Research scope and limitation
The scope of research is wider as the researcher used different kind of information from
different articles and journals. It creates usefulness for future purpose as well because such
information can be used by anyone for their research or study (Juškevičienė, Dagienė and
Dolgopolovas, 2021). It will also help in saving costs, time and other resources in order to
gather information related to the employee benefit programs.
On the other hand, the limitation of this research is that it is based on mixed method
where both quantitative and qualitative information is used which creates complexity to analyse
and interpret the data. Also, combining two different methods in research needed extra cost and
money is another limitation. Thus, it can be said the using one method could be more benefited
to the research (Pepin, 2022).

3.10 Conclusion
It is concluded from this section that research methodology aims to provide a blue print
to the entire research project where researcher can understand what method, strategy or approach
he requires to make research accurate and valid. Ethical consideration is one of the important of
this section where researcher learns about ethical practices.

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