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Employment Development Programs - Doc

   

Added on  2021-04-17

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Running head: LITERATURE REVIEWLiterature ReviewName of the Student:Name of the University:Author note:

1LITERATURE REVIEWIntroductionThe job market now-a-days has become much more complex than ever before. Thishas resulted in the emergence of several training and development programs, which in turn ishelping greatly in removing the deficiency of performance within an employee. While inearlier times, the financial resources of a company have been regarded to be an issue of utterimportance, in determining the long-term sustenance of a company, perceptions of doingbusiness in such a competitive world has largely changed. There is no denying of the fact thatvarieties of employment development programs is helping in creating a strong pool oftalented workforce, who have the ability to satisfy the consumers of the company in a moreeffective way, and thus they are directly contributes to the higher share of profitability of thecompany (Graves, 2017). Moreover, the employment development programs is helping theorganizations worldwide in enhancing and brushing up the existent of skills, expertise andknowledge of the employees during their learning period that is helping them in developingtheir interpersonal communication and innovative managerial skills and embracing theleadership qualities which are helping them in combating with the unforeseen challenges intheir work place (Noe et al. 2014). The accomplishment of the organizational goals isdependent on the knowledge and soft skills of the employee to a great extent. Therefore, theemployee skills have been considered to be a major factor in achieving the respectiveorganizational goals and objectives. These knowledge and skills are learnt by the employeesduring their learning period in their universities and institutions. Many of the times, a studentafter graduating from his universities, returns back to the same for being a part of the onlinetraining courses conducted by their universities for developing the skills and efficiency oftheir students in their respective disciplinesLiterature review

2LITERATURE REVIEWGraduate employabilityThe last 40 years have witnessed great ongoing reforms in the higher educationsystem in China, in which the four processes- decentralization, marketization, privatizationand massification have influenced the change very deeply. According to Jacobs (2014), in theterm of graduate employability in China, on the one hand, a substantial expansion as long as1999 has resulted in a sharp increase in the amount of graduates who are flowing into the jobmarket, whereas on the other hand, also a two-way selection procedure was introduced inorder to replace the central placement policy of the state government. As a result, both theemployers and the employees are free to choose their employees and employers respectively.Hirst, Thompson & Bromley (2015), has been stated that graduate unemployment has beenhaunting China in the recent years and has become more severe than ever before. Darling-Hammond (2015), has further stated that there has been growing number of graduates inChina, reporting that they are facing difficulties in finding jobs in recent years. Liu Dian(2016), in his journal the Parental Involvement and University Graduate Employment inChina, stated that in this expanded higher education system, the students belonging from themiddle-class family are found to have much better access to the information relating job thantheir disadvantaged counterparts. He also found out that they also gain better jobs than them.Other researchers have been turned to the theory of social capital in order to explain thisoccurrence. Wang, Zhang & Wu (2016), has stated that such phenomenon happens becauseof the fact that the students belonging form the middle-class family are generally wellequipped with higher status contacts and much wider social network and this makes themmore likely to have or gain better job opportunities. Furthermore, it has been found from the recently conducted survey by the jobsDB onthe Employment Status of Hong Kong’s Tertiary Students 2016, that near about 89 percent ofthe university graduates batch in Hong Kong are found to get a job within more or less three

3LITERATURE REVIEWmonths of leaving their universities and with the same, the majority of them are well satisfiedwith their job and position (Mok, 2016). The survey suggested the thinking of about 757 localand undergraduates from different disciplines. It has revealed that the fresh graduates in HongKong get an average salary of 14,685 Hong Kong dollars in their very first job. Figure 1: The Undergraduate’s expected salary in Hong KongFigure 2: The average employer satisfaction in 1 to 10, with the country’s higher educationsystem (2017)The above graph shows that the US universities are dominating the other countries bybeing the number one institutions for employability. While in South Korea and Japan, theemployers gave their university system an average score of 5.7 and 5.5 respectively.According to the government of Japan, the university graduates have an employment rate of97.3 percentages (Shin 2016). The issue of unemployment has been reducing from the last

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