Methods for Encouraging Health, Safety, and Awareness in the Workplace

This article discusses various methods for encouraging a culture of health, safety, and awareness in the workplace. It covers topics such as identifying opportunities for improvement, recommending solutions, and ensuring workers are responsible and competent for their tasks. The article also touches on ways to maintain statutory notices and hazard warnings, and how to check health, safety, welfare, and environmental protection systems to meet organizational and statutory requirements. It is relevant to various courses and subjects related to workplace safety and management.

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Unit 1
1.2. Various methods that encourage a culture of health, safety, and awareness.
There various methods of ensuring that the culture of safety and health is encouraged and this
includes;
 Creating a culture of wellness.
 Provision of basic training.
 Making safety procedures a collaborative effort.
 Establish a team and set goals.
2.2. How to identify opportunities that will improve health, safety and welfare for people on
site.
 Identify health issues affecting the workers in construction firm.
 Ask workers concerning the health and safety issues affecting them during operations.
 Carry out research concerning health and safety issues being realized in construction
firm.
2.3. Ways to recommend improvement on health, safety and welfare system
 Offer training to workers concerning health and safety.
 Workers to be provided with measures to be taken to enhance health and safety.
 The firm should be provided with first aid kit to improve health and safety of workers
3.2. Explain the method of ensuring that workforce visitors are inducted to the site
Induction simply entails introducing someone formally into a new organization or job and the
premises are viewed as supplying some evidence for the truth of the conclusion. Methods of
ensuring visitors are inducted are;
 Overall induction.
 Departmental induction.
 Induction by a certain group within the organization.
 Job level induction.

3.4. Explain methods of ensuring workers are responsible and competent for a relative
task.
 Asking employees to create self- assessment.
 Give the employees a test.
 Acquire feedback from the teams.
 Acquire feedback from the client.
4.2. Describe ways of maintaining statutory notices and hazard warnings.
 I will encourage a culture of health, safety and welfare awareness.
 I will identify and recommend opportunities for improving health and safety.
 I will maintain accurate and appropriate statutory notices and hazard warnings.
 I will identify and report any special sit condition.
5.2. Method of checking health, safety, welfare, and environmental protection system to
meet organizational and statutory requirements
 Making recommendations for improving the working environment clearly and promptly
to people.
 Checking the health, safety and welfare system regularly.
 To ensure that induction is undertaken.
6.2 Various methods of identifying and reporting special site condition that does not meet
the statutory requirement of the organization.
 As project manager I will confirm that the client has complied with their duties in
accordance with statutory requirements.
 I will be checking that the arrangements have been put in place for appropriate and
sufficient health and safety equipment.
6.3. Various methods of implementing systems that meets the organizational and statutory
requirements for reporting accidents and emergencies to prevent reoccurrence.
 Putting in place rules and regulations to be followed by workers.
 Communicating to workers what is expected of them.
 Training workers’ procedures to be followed to achieve better results.

6.4. Reasons for implementing an effective system to identify hazards and reducing risk
 To recognize and identify the hazards in the workplace.
 Creation of awareness among the employees.
 Reduction of incidents in the workplace.
 Saving on the cost of being proactive instead of reactive
7.2. Methods of checking health, safety, welfare and environmental protection.
 I will report the accidents to the authority concerned.
 I will be checking health records.
 I will be auditing the number of health equipment used by the workers.
 I will be checking the firm health records
7.3. Methods of ensuring that health, safety, welfare and environmental protection comply
with organizational statutory requirement.
 Ensuring proper procedures are used during the operations.
 Ensuring planning process is in place for accidents and ill health prevention.
 Ensuring that the right activities are done while those requiring machines to be done
using machineries.
8.2. Explain methods of identifying and reporting special site conditions that do not meet
organizational and statutory requirements.
 Reporting to the top management.
 Reporting to quality assurance office.
 Reporting to the supervisor in charge

Unit 2
1.3. Methods of identifying project data
There are several methods that can be used in identifying project data and they include;
 The use of reports.
 The use of graphs.
 The use of charts.
 The use of spreadsheets.
1.4. Different ways of Assessing project data for identifying work methods
There are two different types of methods of using when assessing project data for identifying the
work method and they include;
 Direct assessing method where one demonstrates his or her learnings.
 Indirect assessing method where one is expected to reflect what he or she learned.1
1.5. Factors that may influence or define work methods
Work methods which are also known as safe work procedures are part of workplace plan used in
construction to describe a document that gives specific instructions on how to safely perform a
work-related task or operate an equipment. They include the use of the Kanban method and the
use of earplugs and factors affecting work methods are;
 Fewer job securities.
 Competition for skilled employees.
1 Sauter, D., 2015. Landscape construction. s.l.:OLMA Media Group.
Sharma, P., 2010. Enterprise resource planning. 2 ed. s.l.: Beacon Publishing.
Silver, S., 2012. Consuming Knowledge. 4 ed. s.l.: Mc-Graw Hill Education.

 Attracting and retaining employees.
 Need for additional skills.
 Funding for employees training and development.
2.2. Ways of obtaining additional information for project data from variety of sources.
 Carrying out interviews.
 Organizing questionnaires to workers.
 Through observations
2.3. Reasons why project data may be insufficient
 Unrealistic goals or lack of goal and resources.
 Plans are overly complex.
 Financial estimates are significantly inaccurate.
 Undefined team roles and responsibilities.
 Staffing of requirements is not well understood.2
 Project scope inflexible to changes.
3.1. Evaluate chosen work method against at least seven of the following work criteria
 Through rating.
 Through self-evaluation.
 Through behavioral checklist
3.2. Describe typical criteria that determine work methods for routine types of project
The criteria that are used in determining the work methods for routine types of projects are;
 The general cost which entails all costs incurred.
 Administrative costs which entail all the cost in running an organization.
 The direct cost which entails all cost incurred by the organization directly.
3.3. Ways of evaluating work methods against the rage of technical criteria and relevant
project criteria
 Identifying major activities as well as calculating the resources required from the
information available and ensuring work program is produced.
2 Langford, D., 2014. Human resources management in construction. 2 ed. s.l.:Grupo Santillana.

 Obtaining clarifications and advice where the resources needed are not available.
 Analyzing the activities against project requirement and the requirement of external
factors.
 Calculating how long every activity will take, identifying activities which influence each
other and sequencing them logically.
4.2. Different ways of selecting appropriate work method on relevant projects
 The safety of workers during construction.
 The structure or the facility to be erected.
 The cost of acquiring resources.
 The customer design.
 The restraints imposed by customers.
4.3. Different ways of recommending work method to decision makers
 I will be providing clear work instructions.
 I will be creating a safe working area.
 I will be maintaining of a clean working region.
 I will be encouraging employees to have a voice in safety.
 I will avoid and remove unnecessary hazards.
4.4. Communication methods used in recommending work method
There are different methods that can be used when recommending work method and they
include;
 Use of verbal communication
 Use of written communication for example email.
 Use of oral communication for example spoken words or faces to face.
5.2. Ways of analyzing selected work method for activity content
 If it describes the measures that need to be implemented to control the risks.
 If it identifies those particular activities of high risks.
 If it describes how the control measures are to be implemented, monitored and reviewed.

5.3. Ways of accurately quantifying selected work methods
 Identifying areas of redundancy.
 Motivating workers.
 Setting baseline.
 Tracking of employees’ performance
5.4. Describe the implications of inaccurately analyzing and quantifying selected work
methods.
 It will lead to low productivity.
 Some workers will be incompetent.
 It will cause poor output.
6.2. Methods of ensuring that method statement have been sufficiently prepared.
 Using key performance indicators.
 Assigning dollar value to the results.
 Dividing the output by the input
6.3. Implications, factors, and processes of approving method before commencing the
work
A work method is prepared for every task on a particular worksite and it is submitted at the
commencing of a project for approval by the client or representatives. The work method is
approved immediately it is signed by the client before the commencement of any work.
UNIT 3
1.2. Different possible ways of organizing work activities that can make the best use of
resources

There is a need for improving employee efficiency and helping team members plan and organize
work activities set routines and providing directions ho to prioritize daily task. Various ways of
organizing work activities include;
 Determination of specific tasks as a manager.
 Prioritizing of tasks as a manager.
 The setting of timetables as a manager.
 Elimination of distractions as a manager.
1.3. Why work activities need to be organized to make the best use of resources
Reasons why work activities need to be organized include;
 To enhance optimal utilization of resources.
 For clarity in the working relationship.
 Orientation towards goals.
 To enhance specialization and division of work.
1.4. How the work program and schedules are affected when resources are not
organized properly?
A work program represents a collection of discrete projects that are managed together because
they are content for the same people and other resources. Effects include;
 It creates boredom within the workers in the organization.
 All activities in the organization will halt due to unorganized resources. 3
 This will not attract, retain and motivate the labor force.
 The work program and schedule will deteriorate.
2.1. Assess and identify of effective solution for alternative work methods and resources
to meet a range of programs and schedules.
 Setting up baselines.
3 Springer, M., 2016. Project and program management. 3 ed. s.l.:Readers Digest.

 Setting out clear objectives.
 Carry out stock taking daily.
 Tracking every employee
2.2. Ways of evaluating resources, methods, and systems to meet work program and
schedules
There are various ways in which resources, methods, and system can be evaluated in order to
attain the work program and this include;
 Carrying out planning evaluation which is done before the development of a given
program.
 A formative evaluation which takes place during the real development of the
program.
 A summative evaluation is carried out after the implementation of the work program
to ensure a high level of objectivity.
2.3. Different methods of evaluating information in order to select best solution to meet
work programme and schedules.
 Using reliable sources such as magazines and newspapers.
 Using scholarly sources that are reefed.
 Using scholarly and authoritative sources e.g. journals.
3.2. Methods of selecting potential sources for clarifications and advice a range of works
The potential sources needed for clarifications include;
 Qualitative method and this include interviews, observation, opinions, and thoughts from
different people.
 Quantitative method and this include information selected from the questionnaire and
surveys.
3.3. Types of information from various sources of information
There are different types of information that can be gotten from various sources of information
and they include;

 Online Analytical Processing.
 Decision Support System which helps management in making a decision where there is
uncertainty about the outcome of a decision.
 Transaction Processing System which is designed to process daily transactions efficiently
and accurately.
 Pyramid diagram of Organizational levels and information requirements.
 Management Information System which summarizes data into a series of management
report.
 Executive Support System (ESS) which helps senior management makes strategic
decisions.
3.4. Different reasons of obtaining clarifications and advice when the resources needed
are not available.
 To eliminate ambiguity and confusion during work.
 To eliminate blame game after carrying out the operation inappropriately.
 To enable workers, carry out operations with confidence.
4.1. Examine a range of work activities using a production study, work study production
analysis against three of the following factors.
 Productivity of human resources
 Elimination of waste in the firm
 Identification of non-values operations
4.2. Ways of identifying resource needed in a project.
Resources identification is vital in any project and it can be done by
 Construction of resource plan whereby resources required to complete the project are
identified and a schedule is produced indicating when every resource will be used.
 Use project plan such that you take every activity from the project and assign a resource
to it and this can be done by Microsoft Project.
4.3. How external factors affect program or operation

There are certain external factors which affect the operation of an organization and these external
factors include political, technological, sociocultural and legal factors.
 Legal factors hinder the organization from operating freely without interference.
 The culture of the community hinders the operations such that there are certain
businesses that cannot be carried in a certain region due to their norms and culture.
 The operations of the organization are interfered with when there is political stability
such election chaos in a country will make other businesses to shut down during the
electioneering period.4
4.4. Ways of analyzing work activities against project data and related information
A various method in which work activities can be analyzed against resources include
 Use of a questionnaire to collect information concerning any work requirement.
 Organizing group meetings to discuss various work activities.
 Carrying out a direct observation to analyze all work activities.
4.5. Describe the effects external factors can have on programs and schedules
 They lengthen the schedules.
 They postponed the programs.
 They interfere with the work activity that was to be covered
4.6. Methods of analyzing work activities against resources and related information.
 Setting the baseline.
 Dividing output by resources.
 Tracking workers’ performance.
5.3. Ways of updating existing program and schedules
Updating the existing program and schedule is vital in every organization and it can be done by
various methods which include;
 Updating the baseline Gantt Chart at the activity level in the case of updating schedule.
 The downloading the latest version available when updating programs.
4Milloy, N., 2014. Breakdown of speech. 1 ed. s.l.: OLMA Media Group.

5.4. Describe the possible effects on the project if programmes and schedules are not
updated when factors change.
 The project will run out of resources.
 Other tasks will be left unhandled.
 The timeline set for completing the project will lengthen.
 Monitoring of workers will become difficult
5.5. Ways and means of suggesting updates to existing programmes and schedule to
decisions.
 I will use meetings.
 I will consider face to face conversation.
 I will be using meetings
6.3. Identify and record areas of the future improvements to production and planning.
 Checking low productive areas as a manager.
 Checking the quality of work in a particular sector as a manager.
 Checking the ratio of workers to job done as a project manager.
6.4. Describe the different systems that could be available for monitoring and recording
works against programmes and schedules.
 Through measurable performance standards.
 Carrying out regular evaluation.
 Setting baselines.
 Dividing the output by the input.
6.5 Methods of implementing a system for monitoring or recording work against
schedule/program
These methods include;
Parallel running whereby the old and new system until you are certain the new system is
operating correctly.
Pilot changeover where the system will only be deemed satisfactory will it be rolled out to the
rest of the organization.

Direct changeover whereby the old system is scrapped and replaced by the new system
immediately.
Phased changeover whereby the changeover is split into phases or stages and every stage is
introduced one at a time and older system continues operating to complete the task remaining.
6.6. Importance of monitoring and recording the results of work against the program
Monitoring is the regular recording and monitoring of activities taking place in a programme
 The purpose of monitoring and recording work results helps in determining exactly
when a program is on track and when changes may be needed.
 Monitoring and recording of results provide information needed whether progress is
being made towards achieving results.
 Recording of results also provides a future reference in case of any arising issue.
6.7. Methods of reviewing recorded results of work against the schedule to improve
future production and planning.
 Participant satisfaction and reaction.
 Acquisition of knowledge.
 Measuring the improvement of the business.
 Return on investment.
UNIT 4
1.2. Ways of procuring and assembling relevant information
There are various ways of procuring relevant information and they include
 Procurement of stock.
 Just in time procurement.

 Ship to the line.
 Single procurement.
1.3. Methods of establishing whether the information is sufficiently clear to coordinate
work control
 If the information is making sense.
 When the message being passed is clear and exact.
 When people are responding appropriately to the information.
2.3 Ways of agreeing and communicating work programme, methods and operations with
those doing the work.
 Through an official written notices pinned in a noticeboard.
 Through official meetings.
 Through phone messages
2.4 Ways of integrating construction using operation, methods and attendance details with
those doing the work.
. Methods of integrating information include;
 Deduplication
 String metrics which permits the detection of similar information in dissimilar data
sources.
3.2. Explain ways of planning and obtaining suitable resources and attendance to ensure
project timescale and requirements are met.
 I will be ensuring the right channel is followed when acquiring the resources.
 I will ensure the resources are checked and verified before they are allowed in the firm.
 I will ensure a team is created to follow the right process of acquiring the resources.
 Ensure the firm is dealing with a reliable supplier.
3.3 Effects of procuring insufficient resources
There are so many effects arising from procuring fewer resources in a firm and they include;
 The daily operations will come to a standstill.
 The output per worker will be greatly reduced.

 The quality of services will reduce.
 It will increase expenses such that workers are paid yet they are lazing around due to lack
of resources to keep the operation going.5
4.3 Methods of organizing and controlling typical resources
Methods of controlling resources in a firm include;
 Use of functional task analysis which describes different activities to be performed to
ensure operations are performed effectively.
 Use organizational mapping to define tasks within the firm and estimating the
resources needed for that particular task.
4.4. Explain how sites or work areas should be effectively controlled and organized to
maintain operational safety and tidiness.
 Ensuring that the safety measures are put in place.
 Ensuring that various warnings signs are clearly highlighted.
 Ensuring that arrows directing workers are clearly visible
4.5. Factors or issues that must be taken into consideration to ensure sites are safe for
workers
 Maintaining site security measures.
 Compiling a sitemap.
 Setting up a communication network.
 Establishing work zones.
 Establish and strictly enforce decontamination procedure for both personnel and
equipment.
4.6. Why product and organizational image is important and possible effect of negative
images of the company.
5 Smith, S., 2006. Communication in the construction industry. 3 ed. s.l.: Chick Publications.
Soifer, S., 2014. Community economic development in social work. 2 ed. s.l.: Hachette Livre.

A good company image is important such that it will create a strong bond between the
company and the customers, and many customers will also trust the company with any job. Bad
image will destroy company performance such that they will not be able of getting any task or
tender to carry out.
5.2. How to organize work activities that take into account relevant internal and
external factors?
 Establishing a timeline for completing the work activity.
 Assign each individual task that goes into the activity a completion date to ensure
everything is completed in a timely manner.
 Remove distractions
 Prioritize tasks.
5.3. Measures to be taken to deal with factors affecting work activities
 Provision of support by the management.
 Ensure there is no work underload or overload.
 Proper tabling of tasks carried out to avoid conflicting roles.
 Ensure proper relationship with workers.
5.4. Measures to be taken to deal with internal and external factors and implications if
this is not undertaken.
 Setting out a clear objectives and sticking in it.
 Organizing time to listen to employees’ issues.
 Treating employees equally without discrimination.
 Following rules and regulation put in place by the government
Unit 5
1.2. Methods of implementing system and record progress
These methods include;
Parallel running whereby the old and new system until you is certain the new system is operating
correctly.

Pilot changeover where the system will only be deemed satisfactory will it be rolled out to the
rest of the organization.
Direct changeover whereby the old system is scrapped and replaced by the new system
immediately.
Phased changeover whereby the changeover is split into phases or stages and every stage is
introduced one at a time and older system continues operating to complete the task remaining.
1.3. Why system monitoring and recording work progress are necessary
Monitoring is the regular recording and monitoring of activities taking place in a program
 The purpose of monitoring and recording work results helps in determining exactly
when a program is on track and when changes may be needed.
 Monitoring and recording of results provide information needed whether progress is
being made towards achieving results.
 Recording of results also provides a future reference in case of any arising issue.
2.2. Ways of identifying deviations from work progress
Workplace deviation simply entails a behavior that violates the norms of the organization and the
following ways can be used in identifying a deviation in work progress.
 When the work is not completed as the way it was expected.
 When the work took too long to be completed surpassing the time allocated.
 When the outcome of the work is below the recommended standard.
 When there is interpersonal deviance among the employees.
2.3. How to identify deviations that may occur and could disrupt work programme and
schedules.
 When proper procedures were not followed during the operations.
 When output required is attained.
 When the quality of work is below the standard.
3.1. Circumstances leading to deviation in work program or schedule
The deviation is caused by;
 Personal aggression which involves intimidating others.

 Consistent absences or tardiness shows lack of commitment thus employee becomes
deviant.
 Stealing from the firm makes employee not to be trusted with any confidential
information or property.
 Poor management such that employees are given difficult deadlines or tasks thus their
morale goes down leading to organizational deviance.
 Disrespect among co-workers, superiors, and clients leads to workplace deviation.6
3.3 Methods of investigating deviations from planned work in progress
Deviations can be investigated by using;
 Root cause analysis.
 Using the 5 Whys analysis
 Go fishing method.
3.4 Why corrective actions should be agreed upon.
 So that the similar mistake not to be repeated.
 To avoid blame again in case any action is taken.
 To avoid discrimination among the employees
3.5 How to implement appropriate corrective action for deviation
 A corrective action should be designed into the product line.
 Use of flow diversion valve to control some deviations automatically.
 Maintaining the records of the corrective action which have occurred.
 Hold all the products not complying.
4.1. Variety of work options that may minimize an increase in cost and time
Types of work options include;
 Chemical work
 Transport work
 Mechanical work.
4.3 How to identify them, most likely to minimize increase in cost and time, and help
work progress for typical projects.
6 Tomasin, D., 2015. Construction health and safety. s.l. Carlton Publishing Books.

 I will be looking at the technicality of the work.
 The employees needed to carry out the work.
 The experience needed by that particular work
4.4 Methods of recommending work options to people responsible
 I will provide some time for meetings.
 I will use interim reports.
 I will put clear goals
 I will use team building exercises to form a cohesive group.
 I will teach teamwork skills.
5.3. How to keep a responsible person regularly informed about the work progress
changes in operation and resources needs?
 By writing a formal letter to the person responsible.
 By writing report status on a project.
 By making an official phone call.
5.4. Methods of recommending decision and actions that need to be taken to people
responsible to maintain planned progress.
 Detecting areas that still need improvements.
 Showing the advantages of the new action to be taken.
 Showing the simplicity of adopting the action to maintain planned progress
6.3. Methods and purpose of collecting feedback on work progress
Feedbacks concerning work progress can be gotten by;
 Surveying the construction area.
 Reaching out directly to workers.
 Using feedback boxes.
Collecting feedback is important such that;
 It motivates the person responsible for a certain work.
 It enables the person responsible to plan himself/herself financially.
 It shows the number of resources required to complete the project.
6.4. How to identify possible improvements from the feedback received

 When there is too much appreciation.
 When there is an increase in services being offered.
 When the number of customers is increasing day to day.
6.5. Ways of recommending identified improvements to people responsible
 Looking at the output of the workers.
 Checking at the workers’ weakness points.
 Revising the firm objectives and goals.
 Ensuring that all workers understand the firm’s goal.
Unit 6
1.2. Method of producing a request for plants, equipment, and machinery
There are various ways in which machinery are requested and they include;
 Purchasing the machinery in cash.
 Renting machinery
 Leasing machinery.
2.4. Ways of ensuring plants and equipment meet their statutory equipment
 I will ensure that equipment is performing the operations they are meant to undertake.
 I will ensure that the plant is operated with qualified personnel.
 I will ensure plants are operating only within the time period it is allowed to operate.
2.5. Factors that determine the allocation of equipment for suitable operations.
 The type of task to be undertaken
 The cost of acquiring the machinery.
 The risk associated with using this particular equipment.
 Availability of workers who can operate the machines
2.6. Ways of recording checks on sustainability of plants, equipment or machinery.
 Storing them in computers.
 Using books.
 Storing them in form of pictures and videos
3.6 Ways of identifying hazards and assessing risks from machinery operations

 Create a safety checklist.
 Identify hazards by experience or training.
 Identify hazards through imagination, visualization, and experimentation.
 Identifying hazards by understanding human judgment and decision making.
3.7 Methods of implementing measures to protect all people and environment affected by
site plant and machinery operations.
 Developing the capabilities and support mechanism needed to achieve the safety and
health policy.
 Using risk assessment methods to determine priorities and set objectives of reducing risk.
3.8 Who may be affected by the machine operation
The person in charge or handling all the machine operations is affected by the machine
operations such that they may incur the risk resulting from operating the machine.
4.2. Ways/types of keeping records for machine operations
There are numerous ways in which records are kept and they include;
 Use of files
 Using a drawer filing cabinet.
 Use of magnetic media and microforms.
4.3. Reasons for keeping machinery operation records
 To prevent incurring of repair works since carrying out regular inspection and storing
them as records will allow repair of small damages before becoming a bigger issue.
 Prevent problems regarding warranty claims.
 It increases the safety of operators.
 Helps in tracking who is accountable for a piece of equipment.
 It increases the resale value of the equipment since all the records of all maintenance and
repairs are kept in detailed.
 Helps to create specialized maintenance programs.
5.3. Factors to determine when plant, equipment or machinery is unsuitable for intended
operations.

 The quality of work performed.
 The number of work that can be carried out within a specific time.
 The time taken to complete a specific task
5.4 Methods of identifying alternative plant and equipment for specific operations.
 The quality of work the plant can produce.
 The cost of acquiring the machinery.
 The time it takes to complete the work
5.5. Ways of recommending alternative plant or machinery to people responsible.
 Availability of workforce.
 The cost of acquiring the machinery.
 The cost of maintaining the machinery
6.2. Ways of issuing instructions and guidance to plants or machinery operator.
 I will put put in place the correct procedures to be followed by the workers.
 I will train the employees on how to use the machines.
 I will carry out observations and offering support when employees are using he machine.
7.3. Methods of checking and confirming abilities and authorization of equipment and
machines.
 When the machines are from known legal entities.
 When the machine can perform the operations effectively.
 When the machine has spare parts in case of breakdown.
7.4. Why monitoring of machinery is important and method used?
Machine monitoring is important because;
 It provides information concerning the health of the machines.
 It reduces repair time and maintenance costs since warning signs can be detected early
enough.
 It optimizes the performance of the machines.
 Reduce downtime.
 Enable the firm to make an informed decision, for example, purchasing new machines.

The methods that are used in machine monitoring include;
 Infrared thermography.
 Lubricant analysis
 Vibration analysis and diagnostics
 Acoustic emissions
8.3. Ways and importance of storing, maintaining and servicing equipment
Equipment needs to be maintained to be in good condition and this can be done by ensuring the
equipment are clean, lubricated, inspected regularly and stored with care. Equipment needs to be
stored in a clean house where they are freed from rain which may cause rusting. The following
are ways in which machines can be maintained and they include;
 Check the lubrication.
 Sharpening important parts.
 Checking alignment specifications.
 Inspecting the cleanliness.
9.3. Methods of informing people responsible when plant and machinery is no longer
needed.
 Through official call.
 Through official messages.
 By using of official letters.
9.4. Why decision makers need to be informed that the machinery is no longer required.
 To enable them plan their activities in good time.
 To avoid blame game.
 To minimize the expenses that could be incurred
Unit 7
1.3. Methods and techniques needed to encourage and maintain a working relationship
that promotes goodwill and trust.

There are ways in which an organization can promote a good working relationship to promote
goodwill and trust and they include;
 Developing workers’ skills.
 Appreciating workers for the job well done.
 Scheduling of time to interact with workers.
 Avoid gossiping which creates disharmony in the organization.
 Encouraging a positive attitude.
1.4. Explain the principle of equality and diversity and how to apply them when working
and communicating with others
This is a term used to define and champion equality, diversity and human rights as defining
values of society.
This principle is applied in an organization to promote equality in everything that the workers
carry out thus giving every person an equal chance to achieve their potential without any form of
discrimination.
2.2. Different methods of informing people about their work activities
There are different ways of communicating to people concerning work activities though it
depends whether it is an organization at large or just a single person. These methods include;
 Sending emails or texts to make it confidential.
 Using memo and pinning them in the notice board where it can read by every person.
 Calling for an abrupt meeting to pass the information.
 Summoning the person into the office if it does not involve organization at large.7
2.3. Effects of not informing people with an expected level of urgency
7 Owen, B., 2007. Managing health and safety in construction. s.l.: Mc-Graw-Hill Education.

Delay in passing information to employees has numerous impacts which include;
 Increased grumbling from employees.
 Employees lose morale of working.
 Innovation is suppressed.
 Productivity or efficiency is reduced.
 The cross-collaboration among workers is reduced.
2.4. Explain different types of work activity related information and what detail the
following people would expect to receive.
 Removal of trees
 General excavation.
 Excavation of utility trenches.
 Grading general areas
3.2. Different techniques of encouraging questions and request for clarifications.
 By acknowledging and appreciating the interest shown by employees to matters
concerning questions.
 By reaching out to the people and asking them about their thoughts concerning a certain
issue.
 Instead of calling for questions, coach leaders to pose questions.
 Avoid spotlight where employees are asking questions personally and use a leader who
can echo the questions on their behalf maybe through written materials.
When you request for clarifications then the following should be done;
 Admit that you need clarification.
 Don’t blame any person but own that confusion.
 Summarize what you understand.
 Be specific in an area where you have a problem
3.3. Ways of offering advice and help different people about work activities
 Use a story to give advice to people.
 Chunk the advice into simple steps.
 Make the advice inspirational.

 Use your own experience when giving the advice.
 Relate the advice back to the problem people are going through.
4.2. Methods of clarifying alternative proposals with relevant people.
 Looking at the best quality.
 Look at the proposal having low cost.
 Checking the technicality
4.3 Methods of suggesting alternative proposals
 If the proposal is easy to understand.
 If the objectives of the proposal can be understood.
 Ask for the workers say concerning the proposal.
5.2. Ways of solving different opinions to minimize offense and maintain goodwill and
trust
 I will understand both opinions keenly.
 I will look beyond your own triggers.
 I will look for similarities of those opinions and not differences
 I will take responsibility for your own feelings.
 Make a commitment and try to use positive language
Unit 8
1.4. Methods and procedures for supervising storage area for material supplies to be
effective for project
A storage area can be supervised by;
 Carrying out regular auditing.
 Accurate forecasting
 Doing visual inspections of the storage area regularly.
 Meet regularly with key staffs to discuss issues arising.
 Make changes when necessary.
 Track the level of stock at all times.
1.4. How to minimize material and component handling, movement and wastage?

 By use of the right equipment.
 Reduce the weight or the force required in moving the load.
 Reduce the distance the load has to move to the exit door.
 First moving goods to be placed next to the exit door.
The wastage of materials can be prevented by
 Just in time delivery such that the materials are ordered only when their need arises.
 Reducing excess materials in the store.
 Eliminate unnecessary material movement.
2.2. Ways of keeping accurate records of deliveries and stock positions.
 By using MRP system.
 By using computers.
 By writing manually in books
 By doing stock taking daily.
2.3. Reasons why accurate records of deliverables should be stored
 It will be easier to prepare accounts at the end of the year.
 Helps in identifying strength and weaknesses of the business.
 It easier to acquire a loan or sell the business.
 To know the amount of stock remaining for use.
 Helps to plan for tax payments.
 Helps too when to place a new order for stock.
3.2. Ways of identifying problems with suppliers
 When there is an inconsistent supply of materials.
 Lack of supply visibility.
 Lack of proper product information.
 Poor standards of delivery.
3.3. Methods of discussing material supply problems
 Employing face to face conversations with the supply concerning material problems.
 Use of mobile phone to address the issues.
3.4. Ways of addressing information concerning supply problems to decision makers

Information regarding stock problems can be passed through the use of
 Official letter to the decision makers.
 Sending an official mail.
 Making an official call.
 Organizing an official meeting.
4.2. How to calculate stock turnover?
 Using annual income statement to determine the how much the goods cost.
 Summing the opening inventory to the closing inventory.
 Calculate the average stock by adding both ending and beginning stock then dividing by
two.
 Calculate the inventory turnover by dividing the cost of goods sold by the average
inventory.
4.3. How to check organizational stoke records in order to calculate replacement stock
 Stocktaking by making a list of all stocks the organization holds.
 Manual stock management
 Computer-based stock management.
5.2. Ways of identifying opportunities for improving the use of stock and stock turnover.
 Undertaking big projects.
 Looking where regular services are required.
 Undertaking project involving a larger population.
5.3. Methods to recommend improvements to decision makers
 Establishing goals.
 Encouraging teamwork among the workers
 Offering trainings to workers.
 Appreciating workers for good job
Unit 9
1.2. Factors to consider when implementing the organizational communication system
for typical projects
 The goals and objectives of the organization.

 Type of audience.
 The type of message to be communicated.
 Method of communication to be used.
 The effect of a communication system for the organization.
 Availability of resources to enable the implementation of information.
2.2. Ways of maintaining communication between interested people and organization on
typical projects.
 I will enhance one on one communication.
 I will create a receptive atmosphere.
 I will enhance communication via training.
 I will enhance listening to an opinion from both ends.
 I will use of body language.
 I will avoid unnecessary repetitions when communicating.
 I will use appropriate voice or tone.
 I will display confidence and seriousness.
2.3. Ways of reporting, recording, retrieving forms of information methods for projects
Information can be reported through the following ways which include;
 Using teleconference.
 Through face to face conversation.
 Printing the information.
 Presenting the information electrically.8
Information can be recorded by;
 Carving on stones.
 Painting on cave walls.
 Ink writing on papyrus.
 Electrically variated scratches wax cylinders.
2.4. Methods of retrieving information for typical projects
8 Sauter, D., 2015. Landscape construction. s.l.:OLMA Media Group.

Retrieval of information entails obtaining information needed from a collection of information
resources. Information can be retrieved from;
 Computer databases.
 Books.
 Museums.
 Magazines and newspapers.
3.2. Methods for monitoring organizational communication systems for effectiveness.
 Carrying out the physical or process monitoring.
 Impact monitoring.
 Technical monitoring.
4.3 Techniques for monitoring communication systems that can identify breakdowns in
communication
 Checking if it operates effectively.
 Checking the availability of network.
 Checking if all physical parts are in place.
4.4. Reasons why communication between people and organization must be maintained
 For future references.
 To solve disputes that may arise later.
 To avoid future blames in case of anything happens.
 To act as a legal agreement between two people.
4.5. Causes of information breakdown
Communication breakdown simply means failure to exchange information and this is brought
about by barriers that affect the flow of communication in an organization. Communication
breakdown is caused by;
 Perceptual and language differences.
 Overloading of information.
 Lack of paying attention.
 Noise or distraction.

 Emotions
 Poor retention which is caused by human memory not able to function beyond the limit.
 The complexity of the organization structure.
5.2. Ways of collecting feedback on the communication system
 Providing live chat support as a manager.
 Monitoring social channels.
 Through surveying.
 Through contacting the customer.
5.3. How to use feedback to improve communication?
 Feedback will enable the organization to detect areas which need improvements.
 Feedback will create healthy relations.
 Feedback will motivate the organization
UNIT 10
1.2. Methods of providing clear and accurate information on dimensional control
 Giving clarification concerning the informing.
 Setting boundaries for the information.
 Giving alternatives.
1.3. How to ensure that dimensional information is sufficient.
 Revising the information given more than once.
 Giving the information to another expert in construction field.
 Doing research in other construction sectors.
1.4. Importance of clear information for project for typical projects
 Clear information increases the morale of workers.
 Clear information given to workers increases the productivity of the organization.
 Clear information enables workers to carry out their duties effectively without guessing.
 Clear information minimizes misunderstandings in the organization.9
2.2. Different ways of observing and checking dimensional control on different projects.
 Through mapping the project various stages.
9 Mancuso, F., 2013. The evolution of pollution. s.l.: Baker Book House.

 Checking major upgrades.
 Built verification survey.
2.3 Methods to record and ways of comparing results against quality standards.
 Recording the results in computers.
 Recording the results in books.
 Capturing the results using cameras
3.3 Methods and techniques of identifying deviation in dimensional control on typical
projects.
 Checking the quality of works.
 Dividing the output and input after the operation.
 Checking if the correct procedures were followed.
3.9 Methods of correcting dimensional control on typical projects.
 Setting goals and objectives achievable.
 Setting the baseline.
 Close supervision of workers
4.2. The procedure used to revise work practices
 Informing the workers about the action.
 Confirming the skills of the workers before the revision exercise.
 Listening to the workers’ opinions and attitudes towards revising work practices.
4.3. Ways of recommending revised procedures for work practices.
 Consulting the relevant authority.
 Organizing meetings with qualified personnel.
 Putting in place enough resources required after revising the procedures.
4.4. Reasons why work procedures should be revised when no deviation
 It enables the organization to know areas that need to improve.
 It enables the organization to be updated with the latest procedures.
 It enables the organization to match other procedures that are being used by other
organizations.

Unit 11
1.3. Ways of identifying works not meeting the quality standard
 When goals are not met.
 When the proper procedure was not followed during the work.
 Failing to use all the materials allocated for that particular work.
 When the finished work does not appear the way it was expected.
1.4. Explain the procedures that can be used to ensure the people responsible receive
proper information on quality standards before commencing the work
 As a manager I will organize training on a certain process that needs to be followed.
 I will organize a practical training where workers will be observed.
 Putting down proper procedures to be followed by workers during the operations and
pinning them where everyone can access.
1.5. Ways of ensuring people implement the appropriate quality standard.
 Ensure the workers understand the work requirement in details.
 Document every procedure that needs to be followed to achieve quality work needed by
the organization.
 Define key performance indicators.
 Assign accountability.
 Evaluate improvement opportunities.
1.6. Types of people responsible for implementing, maintaining and agreeing with
quality standards
Quality assurance managers play a crucial role by ensuring that work meets a certain threshold of
acceptability since they are responsible for directing, coordinating programs and formulating
quality control policies. In the case of construction, every person is responsible to ensure quality
work is obtained starting from contractor to the workers.
2.1. Identify relevant individuals responsible for maintaining quality standard for relevant
work.
 Quality assurance manager.
 Operation manager in a firm.

 The contractor in charge of the project
2.3 Methods of communicating individual responsibilities for maintaining quality
standards.
 Organizing official meetings.
 Organizing training concerning ways to achieve better standard in any operation
 Providing close supervision of workers and guiding them whenever necessary
3.3 Ways of implementing a system for controlling the quality of work
 I will clarify the vision as well as the mission of the system.
 I will Identify of critical success factors.
 I will develop measures for mo0nitoring and tracking progress.
 I will identify key customer group.
 Collect feedback from the customers.
 Developing a survey tool.
 Making sure technology is user-friendly to people.
3.4 Methods of checking quality work against agreed quality standards
 Auditing the material and the cost that was used in carrying out that work.
 Inspect the work physically.
 Use of Pareto Chart and Pareto analysis.
3.5. Methods of recording findings obtained from quality inspection.
 Using computers.
 Recording in workplace official book.
 By taking pictures and videos.
3.6. Reasons for implementing that control and record the quality of work.
 To gain trust from customers concerning quality services.
 To avoid issues with the relevant government body dealing with quality works.
 In construction, poor work may cause collapse of building therefore control is needed.
 To avoid creating company bad image.
4.2. Method of checking if work conforms to specified quality standards.
 Checking the quality of materials used.
 Checking the physical appearance of the structure.

 Footing where all trenches are checked.
 Checking the credentials and experience of the contractor
5.2. Ways of identifying work not meeting quality standard.
 If the resources allocated for the work are left in huge quantity.
 If the final work does not match what was expected.
 If the proper procedure was not followed.
 If the wrong materials were not used
5.3. What measures to be taken when work does not meet the quality standard.
 Reporting the issue to the relevant authority.
 Organizing a meeting to address the issue concerning quality issues.
 Formulating strict procedures to be followed to ensure the quality standard is achieved.10
6.3. When and how the decision makers should be informed about significant variations in
quality standards programs.
 Through official call and messages.
 Writing an official letter.
 Organizing an official meeting and addressing the problem.
6.4 Methods of suggesting improvement to decision makers.
 Checking areas with low productivity.
 Organizing training to workers.
 Setting goals and objectives that can be achieved.
7.3. Methods of ensuring that work conforms to the quality standard
 Ensuring proper procedures is followed.
 Ensuring tasks match skills.
 Keeping goals clear and focused.
 Training and develop employees.
Unit 12
10 Silver, S., 2012. Consuming Knowledge. 4 ed. s.l.: Mc-Graw Hill Education.

1.2. Ways of implementing work quantities and cost control systems.
 Communicate to workers concerning the implantation.
 Loot at the system requirements.
 Development of the system.
 Integration and testing of the system
1.3. How to organization system to provide early warnings?
 Through forecasting.
 Through monitoring.
 Scenario development.
2.3 Methods of collecting and recording quantities and cost data
 Use of parametric technique.
 Use of bottom-up technique.
 Use of cost review and update technique.
2.4 Methods of passing quantities and cost data to people in need.
 Presented as a single item combining both price and physical contingencies.
 Presented by component or output.
 Presented as a single line item combining all financial charges.
2.5. Importance of recording quantities and cost data
 To help in setting a sales price.
 To help in setting a legal defense against charges of predatory practices.
 To help in measuring gross margin.
 To help in making the optimal choice.
 To help in valuing assets.
3.3 Ways of identifying cost-saving opportunities
 I will create a team of people of passionate people who are ready to improve.
 I will create a common understanding of a problem.
 Understanding the main cause of opportunity.
 I will prioritize the opportunities.
3.4 Systems for endorsing cost saving opportunities to the people responsible.
 Minimizing expenses such as transportation of construction materials.
 Avoid employing many workers in construction firm.

 Ensuring close supervision of workers and materials
4.3 Ways of investigating variations in work quantities and cost
 Alterations to quality.
 Alteration to the design.
 Alteration to quantities.
 Alteration to working conditions.
3.10 Ways of implementing appropriate corrective measures with people responsible.
 Proper integration of legislative requirements.
 Ensuring the proper definition of risks.
 Proper coordination of designs.
 Ensuring a comprehensive briefing of the project.
Unit 13
1.3. Ways of detecting relevant data to production
 If the information obtained is updated to match the current activities.
 If the information is approved by relevant authorities.
 C.R.A.P test can be used to evaluate the quality of the information.
1.4. Methods of clarifying unclear information
 By repeating the information again.
 By writing a notice and pinning it in the notice board so that everyone can see.
 By calling a meeting for a short period of time.
 By sending an official message to people
1.5. Reason for updating production information or operational planning.
 To allow proper calculation of organization profits.
 To allow proper planning of the organization.
 To allow tax planning.
 To allow the organization to know whether to detect whether to replenish stock or not.
2.3 Methods of identifying factors affecting work or operational programmes
 Checking the level of construction materials available.
 Checking the task allocated to every worker.
 Carrying out stock taking.

 Checking out the cash available to run the project
2.4. Ways of communicating factors about proposed works or operations to people who
may be affected.
 Pinning official notice where every worker can access.
 Sending official message to every worker in the site.
 Calling for an official meeting to address the problem
2.5. Consequences of failing to describe work programme.
 The employees will lose morale.
 The organization productivity will reduce.
 The goals and objectives of the organization will not be met.
 It will cause chaos among the workers since they will continue complaining.
 There will be a conflict between work and responsibilities.
 It will make the organization to pay ghost workers since most of the workers will be
lazing around lacking job to undertake but in the end, they need to be paid salaries.
3.3 Ways of identifying safe access points for work traffic and pedestrians.
 Within the organization, man-made signpost should be used to direct people which way
to be followed.
 The working traffic should be at least being tarmacked to differentiate it from normal
organization compound.
 The working traffic should be placed far from affecting the organizational operation.
 There should be enough space to allow free passage of people and trucks.
 Availability of stairwells and handrails for elevated areas.
3.4 Method of confirming work traffic and pedestrian access points for various projects.
 By using sign marks in the site.
 By using sign post in the construction site
 By using site map for direction
3.7. Reasons for segregating work traffic and pedestrian.
 To avoid congestion in the construction site.
 To minimize the accidents that could arise
 To allow easy flow of construction materials to the site
4.3. Methods of confirming arrangement for safety of the site afore work begins.

 Ensuring there are provisions set out in the organization safety statement.
 Preparation of emergency plans and first aid training.
 Provision and maintenance of welfare facilities and PPE
5.2. Means of executing location or working layout for operational devotions.
 Preparing the site map.
 Ensuring all dangerous zones are designated.
 Putting in place all the hazards symbols visible to all people.
6.3. Ways of maintaining notices.
 I will ensurde proper format is followed.
 I will ensure it is released in time to enable the workers to adhere to it.
 I will ensure it is official in nature accompanied by all stamp and signatures.
 I will ensure the notice is placed in a certain position it can be viewed by every person.11
6.4. Methods of confirming availability of resources
 Setting par level whereby it includes the minimum amount of resources that must be on
hand at all times.
 First-in-first-out where all the resources that were acquired at the beginning to be used
first before releasing the newest stock.
 Carrying out regular auditing by relying on software and reports from the warehouse.
 Carrying out stock taking such that before starting the daily operations, all stocks
available in the firm are written down and again in the when there is no operation going
on.
 Spot checking whereby you physically check your resources and compare them to what
they are supposed to be.
7.3. Procedure for implementing effective storage area
 Check how well is your business doing, for example, is valuable space taken by items?
Or are there sagging electrical cables in the workplace?
 Providing action plan such that workers should be trained to ensure they are on the same
page as far as implementation is concerned.
11 Smith, S., 2006. Communication in the construction industry. 3 ed. s.l.: Chick Publications.

 Employees should compare picture the current storage area with the one before.
7.4. How to minimize material handling?
 By use of the right equipment.
 Reduce the weight or the force required in moving the load.
 Reduce the distance the load has to move to the exit door.
 First moving goods to be placed next to the exit door.
 By using just in time technique such that materials are ordered when they are needed.12
8.3. Placing the position of notices in the organization
After writing the notice, it should be placed in a certain position where every person within the
organization is in a position of reading it and the best place to pin the notice is in the notice
board. The older notices messages have passed should be removed from the notice board to
avoid confusion and failure to detect the latest notice.
8.4. Ways of ensuring notices conform to statutory requirements.
 Notices should mention the name of the organization issuing the notice.
 The notice should address the information straight thus it should not belong in size.
 Date of issuing the notice should be specified to avoid confusion.
 The purpose of the notice should be seen.
 The targeted group whom the notice is displayed should be mentioned.
 The official designation of the person who is issuing the notice.
8.5. Ways of maintaining notices conform to statutory requirements.
 I will ensure it is short as possible.
 I will ensure it is written in official language all can understand.
 I will ensure that it has all the legal stamps and signatures from top officials
9.2. Methods of informing relevant people about time scale of works.
 Organizing for meetings
 Using public notices.
 Sending message to every worker
12 Stanford, K., 2010. Effective building maintenance. s.l. Carlton Books.

UNIT 14
1.2. Ways of identifying priorities and critical activities?
There are numerous as a manager which can be used in identifying priorities and they include;
 Identifying priorities by allocating value.
 Be clear about your capabilities.
 Learn how to prioritize those that lead those activities leading to success.
 Identify what matters to you.
 Have a daily plan.
 Plan for upcoming obstacles.
Critical activities include those project tasks that must start and finish on time to ensure that the
project ends on schedule. Any delay caused by will cause a delay in the completion of the
project. They are identified as follows;
 Define high-level project roadmap.
 Create a detailed work break down structure.
 Define the duration and dependency of the work.
 Identify the main milestone.
 Create a project schedule using a critical path.
 Identify the critical activities using project schedule.
1.3. Methods of confirming operations/programs
 Checking if the quality of work is met.
 Checking if the target placed is met by the worker.
 Allocating the worker along with his or her responsibility in order to allow a quick
checking of the operation.
 Writing the type, size of the work to be undertaken with the worker responsible for
carrying that particular operation.
1.4. How planning of work can be undertaken
Planning of work can be undertaken by;
 Explaining what the work is all about.

 Determining the goals and objectives of the work to be undertaken.
 Listing all the resources that are needed to carry that particular work.
13
 Identification of constraints that may hinder the organization from achieving its goals and
objectives.
 Listing who is responsible for undertaking that particular work.
 Identifying the strategy to be used.
2.2. How to allocate work fairly?
 I will consider of the works priority.
 I will evaluate the skills of different workers.
 Persons and resource availability.
 I will consider persons’ interest.
2.3. Ways of briefing members concerning quality standards
 Using MEMO highlighting the standard of work required by the organization.
 Calling abrupt meeting to discuss the issue.
 Sending an official message to members.
 Using speakers to communicate in case the area is equipped with loudspeakers.
3.3 Means of inspecting the progress of work against actions.
 Surveying the area physically.
 Tracking daily goals with iDone This tool.
 Tracking weekly progress with show-and-tell method.
 Complete a monthly personal review.
4.2. Ways of motivating team players.
 I will recognize a job well done.
 I will create an inspiring working environment.
 I will offer a clear path for advancement.
 I will create goals beyond members’ current capabilities.
 I will offer incentives.
13 Tomasin, D., 2015. Construction health and safety. s.l. Carlton Publishing Books.

 Host events to celebrate together.
 Honor other team members.
4.3. Ways of offering extra assistance to team members
 Nature the talents of other team members.
 Acknowledge and reward team members.
 Empower and inspire members.
 Build on the strength of others.14
5.3. Ways of identifying poor performance
 Presenting work of low quality.
 Inability to work with other employees.
 Some employees may appear to be attaining their objectives bu just depending on others
people to help them get there.
 Failing to meet certain goals.
5.4. Ways of discussing the causes of poor performance with team members
 Be clear of the company expectations.
 Listen to what employees has to say.
 Document specific incidents of an employee’s poor performance.
6.3. Ways of recognizing completion of assignment work.
 If the good quality of work is presented.
 If the work is completed within the specified time.
 If all the objectives have been met.
 If the work was done as a team.
6.4. Methods of advising responsible people of the team successes
 Showing the quality of work done.
 Showing them the completion of the job on time.
 Showing the feedback received from the customers.
14Campbell, D., 2009. Resource allocation mechanism. 2 ed. s.l.: Thomson Reuters.
Celesta, A., 2009. Alternate work schedule. 1 ed. s.l.: DIANE Publishing Company.

 Showing the number of tasks completed within a specific time.
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