(PDF) Nervous and Endocrine Systems
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Added on 2021-02-19
(PDF) Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Added on 2021-02-19
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The Human Endocrine andNervous Systems (Biology A-Level)
TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1SECTION 1......................................................................................................................................1Function and anatomy structure of nervous system ....................................................................1Role of components of spinal reflex arc .....................................................................................2Synaptic transmission and nerve impulse propagation................................................................3SECTION 2......................................................................................................................................4Regulation of body functions through endocrine gland and secreted hormones.........................4Regulation of endocrine gland activities......................................................................................5SECTION 3......................................................................................................................................6Role of endocrine and nervous system in blood glucose, fight or flight response andtemperature regulation.................................................................................................................6CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...........................................................................7REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTIONNervous system and endocrine system are important systems of the body which regulatesthe growth and normal functioning of body. The nervous system provides the control andcommunication between various organs of the body while endocrine system is responsible forthe secretion and regulation of hormones so that growth, metabolism and other functions relatedto sexual development can be accomplished (Cani and Knauf, 2016). The report will describe theanatomy and functions of human nervous and endocrine system. It will also discuss the role ofthese systems in various mechanisms such as temperature and glucose regulation. SECTION 1Function and anatomy structure of nervous system Nervous system (NS) is the network of neurons which coordinates the sensoryinformation and actions by transmitting signals from one part of the body to another. Theinformation processing and transmission through nerves is executed by brain which is one of theimportant component of nervous system. The nervous system comprise central and peripheralsystem (CNS and PNS). Spinal cord and brain are the part of CNS. The brain is known as theprocessing centre which takes all decisions and process all the informations (Roller and et.al.,2016). Spinal cord has trunk like structure whose branch extended from brain and is branched ofinto various nervous and forming peripheral nervous system. The neuron network outside brainand spine is called peripheral nervous system. 1Illustration 1: Nervous system
(Source: Basic structure and function of nervous system, 2019)The PNS is composed of enteric and autonomic system. The autonomic NS control andregulate the involuntary functions like respiration, heart rate while enteric NS is responsible forgoverning gastrointestinal responses. The bones of spine are structured in a way such that theyhelp in protecting nerves travelling through spinal cord. The brain interact with the surroundingenvironment and thus helps in communication through nerves (Manley and et.al., 2018). Theskull provides the protection to brain and keep it intact from outside. The blood-brain barrierhelps to retain the nutrients with brain and to keep the harmful substances present in blood away.Role of components of spinal reflex arc Spinal reflex arc is defined as the motor response in an unconscious state against sensorystimulus. For instance when an individual touches any hot object that before accomplishment ofany voluntarily actions taken by brain hands are moved away from the object as result of spinalreflex arc (La Perle and Dintzis, 2018) . The major components of reflex arc are receptors,sensory input (afferent component), spinal processing (central component) and a motor output(efferent component). (Source: Vector - Spinal Reflex Arc illustration (for basic medical education, for clinics &Schools), 2019)2Illustration 2: Spinal reflex arc
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