Assessment Paper on the Sustainable Energy

This research paper examines various types of energy sustainability, challenges of energy consumption, and proposes sustainable ways of using energy. It analyzes the historical implementation of energy production, how energy production has evolved with changing urban and technological innovation, and energy in the future. It also discusses energy diversity, uses of energy, renewable technologies, energy efficiency, and governance on energy sustainability.

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ASSESSMENT PAPER ON THE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
A Research Paper on Energy By
Student’s Name
Name of the Professor
Institutional Affiliation
City/State
Year/Month/Day

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................2
OBJECTIVES..................................................................................................................................................3
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY.............................................................................................................................3
Historical implementation of the energy production..............................................................................3
How energy production has evolved with the changing urban and technological innovation................4
Energy in future.......................................................................................................................................5
Energy diversity.......................................................................................................................................5
Uses of energy.........................................................................................................................................6
Industries uses.....................................................................................................................................6
Commercial uses..................................................................................................................................6
Residential...........................................................................................................................................6
Transportation.....................................................................................................................................6
Sustainability...........................................................................................................................................7
Renewable technologies..........................................................................................................................7
Types of technologies..............................................................................................................................7
Biomass...............................................................................................................................................7
Solar.....................................................................................................................................................8
Wind power.........................................................................................................................................8
Hydroelectricity...................................................................................................................................8
Fuel cell hydrogen...............................................................................................................................8
Geothermal power..............................................................................................................................8
Energy efficiency......................................................................................................................................8
Governance on energy sustainability......................................................................................................9
SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................................9
BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................................................................................................................10

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INTRODUCTION
From the rudimentary available data on the energy use of the rural and urban in the countries
appear like the consumption by the poor in the developing states is at the level of subsistence.
Despite the higher income the domestic consumption of energy of the urban is not higher than
the rural because of the thermally efficient fuel used by the urban people. Since there are many
industries, vehicles, machines and facilities in the urban areas that need energy, it can be stated
that consumption of energy in urban is more compared to rural areas. In this research paper,
many energy sustainability types are examined, and includes increasing the efficiency,
environmental effects and using the sustainable energy
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this report paper is to:
 To compare the production of energy in rural and urban areas
 To analyze factors that affect challenges of the energy consumption
 to propose the sustainable ways of using energy
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY
Energy sustainability is becoming important globally to reduce the dangerous effects on
environment caused by the used of unsustainable energy sources. Energy is linked directly to the
civilians’ concept of sustainability and is evident because the source of energy power most of the
activities in economy in sectors such as residential, transportation, industry and commercial. The
use and the supply of energy is directly related to the environmental effects such as destruction

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of forests, depletion of ozone layers and emissions. This issues and the concerns of environment
must be solved for the world to maintain a clean and healthy (Bent, 2018).
Historical implementation of the energy production
Energy access is the major pillar to the wellbeing of human, removal of poverty and economic
development. The energy system have the significant environmental effects, historically, the
current system of energy were dominated by the fossil fuel which generate CO2 and other
dangerous greenhouse gases, which are the fundamental cause of the global climate change. If
we are to meet the targets of the global climate and avoid the effects of the climate change the
world require the important and good transition in the sources of energy. Balancing the
challenges between environment and development gives us the best goal that ensures that people
has the access to good sustainable energy to maintain the living of a good standard. To cover the
major pillars, better understanding is needed in terms of their evolution of consumption, trade,
relative sources and progress the clean energy towards the sources of low carbon (Brebbia,
2017).
Figure 1: historical energy production (Cam Brebbia, 2018).

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How energy production has evolved with the changing urban and
technological innovation
The energy use in densely urban areas both in developing and developed countries show their
own properties. Great population enhances the economics of the public systems, hence attaining
the passenger of the travel of such places. In the engineering history, the most significant types
of the energy efficiency is the conversion of heat to the work, reduction of the friction and reuse
of the heat (Cahen, 2017).
Consumption of electricity and the economic development are much related. Electrification was
the main technology that allows the transmission of power in long distance within the less loss of
power. The electric motors replaced the line shafts for then power supply and increases the
factories’ productivity dramatically. Large stations of power made scales of economies and were
effective at generating power than reciprocating the steam engine. Electric light were also
efficient compared t the gas and oil lighting and did not produce smoke, heat and fumes. The
electric lights efficiency has enhanced from the lamps to their tungsten lights. The available
technologies that are helping reduce the amount of energy being consumes are the wind, solar,
hydropower, marine and geothermal energy. The technologies have been developed but not easy
to foresee the drive of the change within the systems of energy. The written forecasts have
tended to over approximate the potential of new energy and the technologies for conversions and
under approximated the inertia in the systems of energy and the energy infrastructure (Galarraga,
2018).
Energy in future
International association of energy believed that the renewable energy will grow from 8% of the
total energy in the year 2009 to around 13% in the year 2035, this rise of the energy consumption
can be because of the doubling rate of population growth. According to the IEEE, the solar PV

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systems may become the most economical form of the electricity only of the industry of the solar
quickly improves efficiency of the solar cells to create the scale of economies. Today the
consumption of energy worldwide causes pollution, emission of the greenhouse gases, and
depletion of ozone layers. The high consumption of energy are caused by the economic growth
and growth of population (Hester, 2017).
Energy diversity
Energy touches every part of people’s life in the modern world. Historically the energy demand
has risen with the population increase, urbanization and other main activities and events of
human. There is the interest renewed in the function of the supply diversity um promoting the
security of energy. To maintain the jurisdiction of the energy’s’ security, the system of energy
require to meet the demands of the services of energy with affordable and friendly and clean
environmentally flows of the energy. Because the diversity of energy can be an issue in the
survival of a system, having diversity of the energy flow is normally taken as the proxy of the
energy security (Jaria, 2018)
Uses of energy
Industries uses more energy to power many manufacturing and processes of extracting the
resources. Many process of the industries need more heat and mechanical power which are
delivered as the fuel of petroleum, electricity and natural gases. Some of the industries also
produce fuel from the products of wastes that can be used to give additional energy. Many
industries reduce the steam and electricity for the continuous use within the building. When the
powder s produced, the heat which is a byproduct can be gotten and used for the steam process.
Commercial uses; the commercial buildings comprises different type of buildings like the
schools, warehouses, libraries, hospitals, and offices. Natural gases and electricity are the type of

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energies that are used in the commercial building. The commercial use of energy comprises
cooling, lighting, heating, for the computers, and the workstation (Mondragon, 2017).
Residential; the most basic used of the energy in the residential building includes washing,
lighting, heating, taking the shower and even watching the television.
Transportation; the transportation depend on the energy fully and major source of energy here is
the petroleum. The sector of the transport comprises vehicles such as trucks, personals, and buses. It is
very important to conserve the energy in the transportation sector. Innovations like introduction of the
vehicles that uses less furl, or the electric vehicle, hybrid vehicles and developing alternative energy
source should be highly considered (Radovanović, 2017).
Sustainability
Sustainable energy is amount of energy that is used at the rates of insignificant compared to its
supply and with the collateral effects that can be managed mostly the environmental impacts. It
can also mean the energy that serve the need of the present generation without compromising the
ability of the generation in future to meet their need of energy. The technologies that enhance the
use of sustainable energy comprises the renewable source of energy such as the solar energy,
hydroelectricity, wave power, bioenergy, geothermal energy and tidal power. Renewable energy
and the energy efficiency are the pillars of the energy sustainability. People should be encourage
to use the green energy which are used without the negative effects to the environment (Raj,
2018). The planet has natural capability to recuperate which means that the pollution that is
below the capability is still known as green (Randolph, 2017).
Renewable technologies
Renewable technologies are important causes of the sustainable energy since they add up to the
energy security worldwide, reduce the use of the resources of fossil fuels and give the way
adaptation and mitigation of greenhouse gases the generation of the renewable energy are
described as (Sioshansi, 2018):

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 First generations were introduced from the industrial revolution and comprises the
geothermal power, biomass and hydropower.
 The second generation comprises the solar cooling and heating, current types of
bioenergy, power of the wind, and the solar photovoltaic (Tester, 2017).
 Third generation are under the approvals and include the concentrating the power of the
solar thermal, advanced gasification of biomass, ocean energy, bio refinery, and the dry
hot rock geothermal energy
Types of technologies
Biomass; this is the biological material gotten from the living organisms, majorly known as the
plants known as lignocellulose biomass. Biomass as the source of energy can be applied directly
through the combustion to generate heat and also indirectly after the conversion to many forms
of biofuel. Biofuel, biogas and biomass are burned to generate power in doing danger to the
environment (Weber, 2018).
Solar; the photovoltaic solar have the ability to change sunlight that then transform them to
electricity.
Wind power: atmospheric movement is caused by differences in the temperature at the surface
of the earth because of the varying temperature variance after it is lit by the sun. The energy of
wind can be used to produce the electricity though it need a bid area for high quantity of power
to be produced.
Hydroelectricity; this type of clean energy uses potential of the gravity of the raised water
lifted from the ocean by the light from the sun.
Fuel cell hydrogen; they are more available and less in pollution when used. Hydrogen can
be burned as the fuel mostly in the vehicle with the water as the product of burning. Hydrogen
can be used similarly to batteries to power the motors of electric. Hydrogen energy is very
important since it facilitate the use of non-fossil fuel through enabling them to be changed to 2
main classes of the carrier of energy (molago, 2017).

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Geothermal power; this type of energy that can generated the heat in the earth’s crust.
Geothermal energy increases with depth as the temperature also increases. Source of geothermal
energy is the earth energy as the result of the stored heat in the surface of the earth.
Energy efficiency
Changing to the sustainable energy need the changes in the way of supplying the energy.
Renewable energy and the efficiency of energy are used together to reduce the emission of
carbon dioxide. Efficiency reduces the demand of energy so that the clean energy can make the
cut in the fossil fuel (Bent, 2018).
Governance on energy sustainability
Climate change concerns with the high prices if oil and the increasing support of government are
driving the rising rates of investment in the industries of sustainable energy according to the
analysis from the UNEP. Also there is UNFCCC that provide rules and regulations about the
climate change, how it can be reduced and how energy can be used sustainably so that both
future and present generation will all benefit (Galarraga, 2018).
SUMMARY
Energy sustainability is becoming important globally to reduce the dangerous effects on
environment caused by the used of unsustainable energy sources. Energy is linked directly to the
civilians’ concept of sustainability and is evident because the source of energy power most of the
activities in economy in sectors such as residential, transportation, industry and commercial. The
use and the supply of energy is directly related to the environmental effects such as destruction
of forests, depletion of ozone layers and emissions. This issues and the concerns of environment
must be solved for the world to maintain a clean and healthy. Despite the higher income the

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domestic consumption of energy of the urban is not higher than the rural because of the
thermally efficient fuel used by the urban people. Since there are many industries, vehicles,
machines and facilities in the urban areas that need energy, it can be stated that consumption of
energy in urban is more compared to rural areas. In this research paper, many energy
sustainability types are examined, and includes increasing the efficiency, environmental effects
and using the sustainable energy

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bent, R., 2018. Energy. Toledo: Island Press.
Brebbia, C., 2017. Energy and Sustainability. Chicago: WIT Press.
Cahen, D., 2017. Fundamentals of Materials for Energy and Environmental Sustainability. Paris:
Cambridge University Press.
Cam Brebbia, 2018. Towards Energy Sustainability. Toledo: WIT Press.
Galarraga, I., 2018. Handbook of Sustainable Energy. Chicago: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hester, R., 2017. Sustainability and Environmental Impact of Renewable Energy Source. Perth: Royal
Society of Chemistry.
Isaac, M., 2017. Experiments on Energy, the Environment, and Sustainability. Michigan: Emerald Group
Publishing.
Jaria, J., 2018. Energy, Governance and Sustainability. Colorado: Edward Elgar Publishing.
molago, A., 2017. Energy and Sustainability. Toledo: WIT Press.
Mondragon, C., 2017. Energy and Sustainability. Colorado: WIT Press.
Radovanović, M., 2017. Sustainable Energy Management. Toledo: Academic Press.
Raj, B., 2018. Nanotechnology for Energy Sustainability. Michigan: John Wiley & Sons.
Randolph, J., 2017. Energy for Sustainability. Perth: Island Press.
Sioshansi, F., 2018. Energy, Sustainability and the Environment: Technology, Incentives, Behavior. Paris:
Elsevier.
Tester, J., 2017. Sustainable Energy. Michigan: MIT Press.
Weber, G., 2018. Sustainability and Energy Management. Chicago: Springer.

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