Causes Affecting Agriculture in Australia

This report aims to identify the causes affecting agriculture in Australia and their impact on production. It explores issues such as water security, drought, low fertility of soil, climate change, and government policies. The research will reveal the major issues faced by farmers and propose strategies for improvement.

Engineering Management 1
Engineering Management

Engineering Management 2
Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
Research problem/ problem statement......................................................................................................3
Technical, economical and environmental issues....................................................................................3
Research aim/ objective..............................................................................................................................4
The research will help in revealing..........................................................................................................4
Research questions......................................................................................................................................4
Theoretical background...............................................................................................................................5
Hypothesis...................................................................................................................................................5
Justification and limitations of the potential outcomes..........................................................................6
Research methodology................................................................................................................................6
Data collection/ Data analysis.................................................................................................................6
Primary data........................................................................................................................................6
Secondary data....................................................................................................................................6
Project of the budget...................................................................................................................................7
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................9
Recommendations.......................................................................................................................................9
References.................................................................................................................................................10

Engineering Management 3
Introduction
The aim of the report is to identify the cause of lower production f agriculture in Australia
which is one of the countries who produces good amount of agricultural products. There
was a huge impact of First World War on the country and its economy due to which the
country is still fighting. Not only the agriculture was affected but also the other sectors of
the country were destroyed. The major problems faced by the farmers of Australia are
water security, drought, low fertility of soil, changes in the climate, weeds; impact of
global warming on the climate of the country, insecurity, etc. bio-security refers to the
threats from the biology like livestock, imported food, etc. However the country has
developed a good amount of growth and each and every sector of the economy like
industries, education, protection, trading with the other countries, investment
department, etc. (Bekhet, H. A., & Abdullah, 2010)
Today, the agriculture sector has became one of the most sophisticated and technical
sector. If we talk about the Australian agricultural sector then we get to know that it is
very efficient and innovative as compared to other countries. The farmers of the country
are competitive despite of having low subsidies as the other farmers of the country
(McNairn, Merzouki, Pacheco, & Fitzmaurice, 2012).
Research problem/ problem statement
There are many issues and problems faced by the country and its farmers like there is
nonpayment of the credits by the farmers of the country and associated suicidal cases.
The trends of the pricing of various products related to the farming and agriculture, etc.
(Peters, Rowley, Wiedemann, Tucker, Short, & Schulz, 2010)
It was claimed by the farmers that they want to spend their entire life in the agriculture
business as they believes that it is one of the healthier way to send the life. They had
complained that form past years, the electoral system is more concentrated towards
changing the villages and agricultural lands into cities and towns. They are more
inclined in construction and beautifying the country instead of proving subsidies to the
graziers and farmers (Marri, Sadozai, Zaman, & Ramay, 2012).

Engineering Management 4
Technical, economical and environmental issues
The other issues faced by the farmers are related to the technique, environment and
also the economical issues:
The major problems faced by the farmers of Australia are water security, drought, low
fertility of sol. changes in the climate, weeds; impact of global warming on the climate of
the country, insecurity, etc. biosecurity refers to the threats from the biology like
livestock, imported food, etc. The other issues are like tariff and taxes on the exports of
the country in the importing country lie Japan and Europe and other countries. The
subsidies are given to the farmers of the other countries is also a big issues
(Sutherland, Peter, & Zagata, 2015).
The economical and financial problems are the fluctuation in the currency and there is
price volatility. The agriculture sectors also faced the major lost of wheat industry after
the Cole enquiry taken place by the Australian wheat board claimed that if there is 1 %
change in the value of the Australian dollar than it is equal to the $220 million in the
earnings from the exports. The sector of agriculture is the most effective and exposed
sector of the country and its economy. The national farmers federations etc. (Carey,
Krumholz, Duignan, McConell, Browne, Burns, & Lawrence, 2011)
Research aim/ objective
The aim of the research is looking at the present stage of the agriculture sector of
Australia and also identifies the causes that are affecting the production of agriculture in
the country. Also we would be looking forwards to the government policies and rules for
the farmers of the country that may affect on the agriculture (Henry, Charmley, Eckard,
Gaughan, & Hegarty, 2012). There must be some adverse and negative impact of the
same due to which the sector is not showing a sufficient amount of growth. Such rules
may be affecting the capability of the farmers and the amount of produce form the
agriculture. The main objective is to find the major issues that can be resolved by
implementing effective techniques and changes that can be beneficial for the farmers
and the agricultures of Australia (Lipper, et.al, 2014).

Engineering Management 5
The research will help in revealing
The research will help us in revealing the possible issues and causes of the problems
related to the production of agriculture products (Puri, Abraham, & Barrow, 2012).
 The profitability of the farmers in the production
 The non-payment and repayment of the debt by the farmers
 The lack in the rules and regulations by the governmental bodies
 The incompetency in the management of the agriculture sector
 The method of implementation
 The various methods and strategies that can help to bring improvement in the
agricultural sector
 The requirement is to make rules and regulations by the government as well as
the ways of implementation of the same in the agricultural sector (Yussefi, 2010).
Research questions
 Is there improper use of the credits given to the agriculture sector?
 Is there increase in the number of non-payment of loans?
 Is it because of the banking sector which is working for agriculture sector?
 Is it the government who is not paying enough attention to this sector and more
to other sectors?
 Is it because of the new strategies of infrastructure development?
 Is it because of the poor policies of the agricultural department?
 Is t because low subsidies for the agriculture sector?
Theoretical background
Australia has one of the most relevant sectors for earning is agriculture sector. It is the
source of income for more than 25% and provides food to all over the country of the
total population of the country. There are rise in the price during every season. In
country many farmers are not able to take benefits from the rise in the price as they
usually shift the agriculture to the other products (Miller, Van Megen, & Buys, 2012).
There is need for proper assistance to the farmers. There is a requirement to make new
strategies and implementation of the same to uplift the sector and also the farmers who

Engineering Management 6
can do something for the country. The country farmers are facing certain issues and
problems and the majority of the people are affected by the same. It has to be resolved
to maintain the standards of the farmers of the country (Gillespie, & Kadiyala, 2012).
Hypothesis
In this literature review, the study will check the below mentioned hypotheses
Hypothesis 1 Ho: Agriculture is not affected due to the government
H1: Agriculture is affected due to the government
Hypothesis 2 Ho: Changes in strategies does not affect the agriculture
H1: Changes in strategies affect the agriculture
Hypothesis 3 Ho: Subsidies will not help the farmers
H1: Subsidies will help the farmers
Hypothesis 4 Ho: There is no significant results after implementing new rules
and regulations
H1: There is significant results after implementing new rules and
regulations
Justification and limitations of the potential outcomes
There are many banking sectors in the country that are not considered enough by the
farmers. They do not take proper assistance from the same. The study we are doing is
just an attempt to identify the need of appropriate financial aid to the agriculture sector.
The other requirement is to analyze the fear and hesitation of the farers asking for
financial aid form the banking sectors of the country (Hamblin, 2009). The other part is
the negligence of the government towards the farmers. It may be the awareness which
is not there with the famers instead of the government. The need is to make the farmers
informed and provide them proper information related to the rules, policies and
subsidies provided to them (Friel, et.al. 2009).

Engineering Management 7
Research methodology
In this research we have chosen quantity method of collection data and methodology.
Data collection/ Data analysis
The collection of data plays a vital role in the research and development of the report. It
is not easy task to choose the right way to collect the data and information. To conduct
the report in better manner it is required to find out the loopholes that are affecting the
production of agricultural products in the country (Hřebíček, et.al. 2013). This data has
been collected from various parts like the banking sector, farmers, managers of
commercial banks and agricultural banks, agricultural cooperatives, farmers who have
taken credit, government authorities, representative of the public sectors, representative
of farmers union, etc. (Mullen, 2010).
Primary data
 Farmers
 Government authorities
 Agricultural cooperative societies
 General public
Secondary data
 The news papers
 Magazine
 Published research study and papers
 The journals on agriculture (Duarte Alonso, & Northcote, 2013)
Project of the budget
The budget for this proposed is $50 million so that the growth and development can be
taking place in an effective and efficient manner. In order to take the budget and
distribute it n various heads we have to use Gantt chart (Uprety, et.al. 2012).
The budget of $ 50 million has some specific distribution.

Engineering Management 8
 There must be proper implementation of the measure like the failure of
monsoons, the spread of bacteria and diseases in the crops, fall in the prices of
the commodities of farming. It will cost around $10 million.
 The government can provide financial aid to the farmers by giving them relief,
credits, subsidies, etc. it will cost around $20 million.
 The government can also help them to earn money from the non faming
business activities like forestry, agro processing, livestock, tertiary activities, etc.
it will cost around $10 million.
 There is a need to accelerate the changes in the infrastructure according to the
farming of the cities and towns by doing investment in the public and private
places. It will help in the economic growth and development and also generation
of income and employment in the country that will help in enhancing the lifestyles
of the farmers and village people. It will cost around $20 million (Al-Amin, et.al.
2011).
Purpose Estimated amount
Failure of monsoons, the spread of
bacteria and diseases in the crops, fall in
the prices of the commodities of farming.
$10 million
Financial aid to the farmers $20 million
The non faming business activities $10 million
Changes in the infrastructure $10 million
Total $50 million
Project schedule
Task done Duration
of the
task
Starting date Finish date
Primary research on the
causes of problem and
5 days 1/April/2019 5/april/2019

Engineering Management 9
identifying the issues
Identification of research and
literature review of the same
4 days 6/April/2019 9/April/2019
The collection of secondary
data and search the
dependents
7 days 10/April/2019 16/April/2019
Contacting chosen person for
collection of data
10 days 17/April/2019 26/April/2019
Creation of methodology and
conceptual work line
5 days 27/April/2019 1/may/2019
Conduction of the literature
review
6 days 2/may/2019 7/may/2019
The submission of the first
report
1 day 8/may/2019 8/may/2019
Analysis of the collected data 15 days 9/may/2019 23/may/2019
Critical analysis of the data 4 days 24/may/2019 27/june/2019
Conduction of the final report 2 days 28/may/2019 29/may/2019
Final submission of the report 0 days 1/june/2019 1/june/2019
Primary research on the causes of problem and identifying the
issues
The collection of secondary data and search the dependents
Creation of methodology and conceptual work line
The submission of the first report
Critical analysis of the data
Final submission of the report
1-Apr-19 21-May-19
Starting date
Duration of the
task

Engineering Management 10
Conclusion
The purpose of this report is to find out the causes that is affecting the agriculture of the
country Australia. Agricultural system is the key to develop the country so there is
important to develop and grow the agriculture that will reflect the proper function and
existence of the nation in the world. It is high time for the government and also the
financial sector of Australia to admit the relevance of agriculture sector. There is a
requirement to make new strategies and implementation of the same to uplift the sector
and also the farmers who can do something for the country (Willer, Lernoud, & Kemper,
2018). The country farmers are facing certain issues and problems and the majority of
the people are affected by the same.
Recommendations
There are certain strategies and recommendations that can help the farmers to uplift
them:
 There must be proper implementation of the measure so that the problems can
be solved related to the failure of monsoons, the spread of bacteria and diseases
in the crops, fall in the prices of the commodities of farming
 The government can provide financial aid to the farmers by giving them relief,
credits, etc.
 The government can also help them to earn money from the non faming
business activities like forestry, agro processing, livestock, tertiary activities, etc.
 There is a need to accelerate the changes in the infrastructure of the cities and
towns by doing investment in the public and private places. It will help in the
economic growth and development and also generation of income and
employment in the country that will help in enhancing the lifestyles of the farmers
and village people (Friel, 2010).

Engineering Management 11
References
Bekhet, H. A., & Abdullah, A. (2010). Energy use in agriculture sector: input-output
analysis. International Business Research, 3(3), 111.
McNairn, H., Merzouki, A., Pacheco, A., & Fitzmaurice, J. (2012). Monitoring soil
moisture to support risk reduction for the agriculture sector using RADARSAT-
2. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and
Remote Sensing, 5(3), 824-834.
Marri, M. Y. K., Sadozai, A. M., Zaman, H. M. F., & Ramay, M. I. (2012). The impact of
Islamic work ethics on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: a
study of agriculture sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Business and
Behavioral Sciences, 2(12), 32-45.
Sutherland, L. A., Peter, S., & Zagata, L. (2015). Conceptualising multi-regime
interactions: The role of the agriculture sector in renewable energy
transitions. Research Policy, 44(8), 1543-1554.
Lipper, L., Thornton, P., Campbell, B. M., Baedeker, T., Braimoh, A., Bwalya, M., ... &
Hottle, R. (2014). Climate-smart agriculture for food security. Nature climate
change, 4(12), 1068.
Gillespie, S., & Kadiyala, S. (2012). Exploring the agriculture-nutrition disconnect in
India. Reshaping agriculture for nutrition and health. Washington DC,
International Food Policy Research Institute, 173-182.
Friel, S., Dangour, A. D., Garnett, T., Lock, K., Chalabi, Z., Roberts, I., ... & Haines, A.
(2009). Public health benefits of strategies to reduce greenhouse-gas
emissions: food and agriculture. The Lancet, 374(9706), 2016-2025.
Hřebíček, J., Valtinyová, S., Křen, J., Hodinka, M., Trenz, O., & Marada, P. (2013).
Sustainability indicators: development and application for the agriculture
sector. In Sustainability appraisal: Quantitative methods and mathematical

Engineering Management 12
techniques for environmental performance evaluation (pp. 63-102). Springer,
Berlin, Heidelberg.
Uprety, D. C., Dhar, S., Hongmin, D., Kimball, B. A., Garg, A., & Upadhyay, J. (2012).
Technologies for climate change mitigation: agriculture sector. UNEP Risø
Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development, Technical
University of Denmark: Frederiksborg.
Al-Amin, A. Q., Leal, W., de la Trinxeria, J. M., Jaafar, A. H., & Ghani, Z. A. (2011).
Assessing the impacts of climate change in the Malaysian agriculture sector
and its influences in investment decision. Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research, 7(2), 225-234.
Willer, H., Lernoud, J., & Kemper, L. (2018). The world of organic agriculture 2018:
Summary. In The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging
Trends 2018 (pp. 22-31). Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL and
IFOAM-Organics International.
Friel, S. (2010). Climate change, food insecurity and chronic diseases: sustainable and
healthy policy opportunities for Australia. New South Wales public health
bulletin, 21(6), 129-133.
Hamblin, A. (2009). Policy directions for agricultural land use in Australia and other
post-industrial economies. Land use policy, 26(4), 1195-1204.
Mullen, J. D. (2010). Agricultural productivity growth in Australia and New Zealand. The
shifting patterns of agricultural production and productivity worldwide’.(Eds J
Alston, B Babcock, P Pardey) pp, 99-122.
Miller, E., Van Megen, K., & Buys, L. (2012). Diversification for sustainable development
in rural and regional Australia: how local community leaders conceptualise the
impacts and opportunities from agriculture, tourism and mining. Rural
Society, 22(1), 2-16.

Engineering Management 13
Yussefi, M. (2010). The world of organic agriculture: statistics and emerging trends
2008. Earthscan.
Puri, M., Abraham, R. E., & Barrow, C. J. (2012). Biofuel production: prospects,
challenges and feedstock in Australia. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 16(8), 6022-6031.
Carey, R., Krumholz, F., Duignan, K., McConell, K., Browne, J. L., Burns, C., &
Lawrence, M. (2011). Integrating agriculture and food policy to achieve
sustainable peri-urban fruit and vegetable production in Victoria,
Australia. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community
Development, 1(3), 181-195.
Peters, G. M., Rowley, H. V., Wiedemann, S., Tucker, R., Short, M. D., & Schulz, M.
(2010). Red meat production in Australia: life cycle assessment and
comparison with overseas studies. Environmental science &
technology, 44(4), 1327-1332.
Henry, B., Charmley, E., Eckard, R., Gaughan, J. B., & Hegarty, R. (2012). Livestock
production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in
Australia. Crop and Pasture Science, 63(3), 191-202.
Duarte Alonso, A., & Northcote, J. (2013). Investigating farmers' involvement in value-
added activities: A preliminary study from Australia. British Food
Journal, 115(10), 1407-1427.