Comparison of Education Systems in India and UK

The assignment discusses the differences between the education systems in India and the UK, focusing on funding, quality, and infrastructure. It highlights how the UK's education system is more robust due to less political influence, with a greater emphasis on individual students' skills and abilities. In contrast, India's education system is influenced by politics, with limited field of streams at secondary education and a focus on things that are not relevant to students' skills and abilities.

English for Academic Purposes 1 (EAP 1)
Portfolio (EAPA3004) RESIT
This is your EAP 1 (RESIT) Portfolio which you must submit via the student portal by
Tuesday 7
th
August 2pm 2018. Please save a copy on your computer and back it up
regularly (e.g. by saving it on your computer / in the cloud (e.g. Google Drive) /
emailing it to yourself. You will receive a printed copy which you should bring to all
lectures and tutorials. However, at the end of the course, you need to submit a
completed electronic copy. Please refer to suggested word counts for each task
included within this portfolio.
Assessed Learning Outcomes (LOs):
1. Produce cohesive and coherent elements of academic writing.
2. Read, compare and summarise written academic texts.
Week Contents Page Learning
Outcome
Section 1: Portfolio Evidence
(Suggested word counts are included are in brackets.)
1 Portfolio evidence I: Self-evaluation checklist P3 LO 1 & 2

2- 8 Portfolio evidence II: Summary
(recommended word count: 100)
P4- 5 LO 2
7 -10 Portfolio evidence III: Outline
(recommended word count: 200)
P6 LO 1 & 2
9 - 10 Portfolio evidence IV: Self-assessment
(recommended word count: 200)
P7 LO 1 & 2
9 - 10 Portfolio evidence V: Reflection
(recommended word count: 150)
P8 LO 1 & 2
Section 2: Written Tasks
(The written tasks should be developed throughout the semester but completed in weeks 7-10.)
1 - 10 Academic writing [compare and contrast essay relevant to
education] (Word count 750 words)
P9 LO 2
Total word count 1400: Written Task (750 words) + Evidence (Approx. 650 words)
(+/- 10%
Section 1: Portfolio Evidence I
Self-evaluation checklist
Below is a list of the skills you will need when working on extended pieces of writing during
your university career. The work you do on the EAP 1 course will help you develop these
skills.
Tick the appropriate box for each skill, according to how well you think you can do this at
the beginning of this course. Look again at the checklist throughout the course in order to
identify areas for independent study.
Skills Do not
know about
this
Find this
difficult/
can’t do this
Can partially
do this
Can do this
well
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Looking for information
Identify which books/journals/websites to use ☐ ☐  ☐
Select relevant parts of a text ☐ ☐  ☐
Using sources
Acknowledge sources of information ☐ ☐  ☐
Avoid plagiarism ☐ ☐  ☐
Planning/ writing
Brainstorm ideas ☐ ☐ ☐ 
Plan written work ☐ ☐ ☐ 
Link ideas effectively ☐ ☐  ☐
Paraphrase & summarise ideas ☐  ☐ ☐
Write an introduction ☐ ☐ ☐ 
Write a conclusion ☐ ☐  ☐
Personal study
Work independently ☐ ☐ ☐ 
Manage my time ☐ ☐  ☐
Oral presentation
Discuss written work in a tutorial ☐ ☐ ☐ 
IT
Access the internet ☐ ☐  ☐
Use search engines ☐ ☐  ☐
Create word documents ☐ ☐ ☐ 
Section 1: Portfolio Evidence II
Summary (Recommended overall word count 200)
Cash crisis forces secondary schools in England to cut 15,000 staff
Teaching unions say £2.8bn real-terms drop in funding has driven
schools to breaking point
Secondary schools in England have lost 15,000 teachers and teaching assistants in the last two
years, resulting in bigger classes and less individual attention for pupils, according to teachers’
leaders. Unions say the job cuts are the result of £2.8bn of real-terms funding cuts in schools,
where budgets are described as being at “breaking point”. Based on analysis of government
figures, the unions say the 15,000 job losses equate to an average reduction of 5.5 members of
teaching and support staff in every secondary since 2015. Almost half of those are classroom
teachers, who are being lost at a time when pupil numbers are growing, according to the School
Cuts alliance of education unions. Some of the largest staffing cuts have been in areas with the
lowest average funding per pupil, including Reading, the Isle of Wight, central Bedfordshire, the
East Riding of Yorkshire, York, Derby and Milton Keynes. At the same time, the number of pupils in
England has risen by 4,500 as a population bulge begins to move from primary to secondary
schools, the alliance says.
The unions say the government’s new funding formula, which aims to distribute money more fairly
across the sector, will not solve the problem without further significant investment. Paul Whiteman,
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general secretary of the National Association of Head Teachers, said school budgets were at
breaking point. “School leaders have made every other possible efficiency and now it is impossible
for many schools to avoid making redundancies, to continue to keep class sizes at an acceptable
level, and to offer a full and rounded curriculum to all pupils,” he said. Unison said the cuts had had
a major impact on the number of teaching assistants, leaving just one per 67 secondary pupils. Jon
Richards, the union’s head of education, said: “Children with special educational needs and
disabilities rely heavily on teaching assistants, so, sadly, they will be suffering the most as a result
of these devastating staff cuts.”
As well as job cuts, schools are having to reduce the number of subjects they offer and their
extracurricular activities. In many schools, parents are being asked to make regular voluntary
contributions.
Adapted from: Weale, S. (2018) Cash crisis forces secondary schools in England to cut 15,000 staff.
The Guardian, 7 February [online].
Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/feb/07/cash-crisis-forces-secondary-schools-
in-england-to-cut-15000-staff.
[Accessed 7 June 2018]
Read the newspaper article and list four of the main arguments given against cuts in education.
 Job Cuts are the result of funding cuts of £2.8bn
 Government new funding formula will not solve the problem.
 School leaders have made every other possible efficiency and now it is impossible for many schools
to avoid making redundancies, to continue to keep class sizes at an acceptable level, and to offer a
full and rounded curriculum to all pupils.
 Children with special needs suffer most due to job cuts.
Can you think of two arguments that could be used to support making cuts in education?
The School's headteacher said that in order to save significant amount of funding, management has to
reduce the staff.
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Parents are requested to give voluntary contribution of £50 a month.
What is your opinion? Do you think that cuts in education are a good idea?
(Recommended word count 100)
There can be mixed impact according to my opinion. Cuts in education can be and cannot be a good idea. It
can be a good idea as adequate amount of fund of government can be saved. The cuts in education is not a
good idea as children and teachers both will suffer. A single teacher has to teach large number of students
which effect on quality and focus on students learning process. Children with disability and special needs will
suffered the most. I believe that cuts in education can not be a good idea as education is the fundamental
right of individual. Teachers must be adequate in every school so that quality education can be provided
effectively.
Section 1: Portfolio Evidence III
Outline (Recommended overall word count 200)
Complete your essay outline below. An outline is a map of the main ideas included in your
essay. You should not write full sentences, just notes of the main points that you are going
to write in each paragraph of your essay, along with in-text referencing details (MB=Main
Body).
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TITL
E
Compare and contrast the primary or secondary education system in England / the UK
with a country of your choice in terms of two of the following; funding, organisation and
quality. Which system is preferable?
INT
RO
DU
CTI
ON
Background Information:
Primary and secondary education system is different in different country. Children in the UK have to
legally attend primary and secondary education which runs from about 5 years old until the
student is 16 years old. The comparison of primary and secondary education system in England and
India will be made.
Thesis Statement:
Education system differs in different country. England and India have different education system
and the comparison of both country's education system will be made.
MB
Paragra
ph 1
Paragraph Focus: Primary Education
Country A: England Country B: India
Primary education begins in UK at age 5.
After age 11, children move forward to
secondary education.
In UK primary school provides primary education
and they are known as First School.
Primary education in India begins at age 6.
Children study in Class 1st to Class 8th are
primary students.
After attaining age of 15 years children
move to secondary education.
MB
Paragra
ph 2
Paragraph Focus: Secondary Education
Country A: England Country B: India
Students form age 11 to 16 year get secondary
education.
General Certificate of Secondary
Education (GCSE) prepared by
students in order to acquire
secondary education.
After age 16 education is optional in
UK.
Students of age 16 to 18 years old can get
secondary education.
Class 9th to Class 12th are secondary
education classes in India.
Secondary School Certificate is
a public examination taken by
students after successfully
completing at least ten years
of schooling in subjects.
CO
NCL
USI
ON
Summary of main points
Education system in England and India is different as both countries have their respective
education and policies and laws.
Recommendations/suggestions/predictions
Primary and secondary education in both the countries can be improved with the improvement in
the policies and educational procedures.
Section 1: Portfolio Evidence IV
Self-assessment (Recommended overall word count 200)
Do NOT give one-word answers
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Complete this form before you submit your portfolio.
Type a few comments below in relation to how well
you have addressed the following criteria in your
essay.
ESSAY STRUCTURE
A. Has a clear structure including an
introduction, body paragraphs,
conclusion & bibliography.
Yes the essay has clear structure which helps the readers to
comprehend the concepts and aspects which has been
discussed.
B. Has a clear thesis statement that
states the sub-topics and position.
Yes, the thesis statement was clear which breifly explains what
will be covered in the essay.
C. Has clear topic sentences in each
main body paragraph.
Yes each body has mentioned the subject matter clearly
D. Has features of an essay not a
report, i.e. no headings, no bullet
points etc.
No bullet points has been used and it has the feature of essay.
CONTENT
E. Has compared directly between
the two countries in each paragraph.
Yes in each paragraphs England and Indian primary and
secondary education system has been compared.
F. Has commented on what we learn
from the comparisons.
Yes, in short summary it has been explained.
G. Has included suitable background
information in the introduction.
Yes the background information has been provided which
explains what has been covered in the essay.
H. Has included a suitable summary
and position in the conclusion.
In order to clarify the learning conclusion have been made in
the end.
I. Has written 750 words (+/- 10%). Yes the essay has written in 750 words.
USE OF SOURCES AND REFERENCING
J. Has a minimum of 2 sources per
paragraph.
Yes 2 sources have been cited precisely in each paragraph.
K. Has in-text citations which follow
Harvard style. E.g. (Coughlan, 2014).
Yes, Harvard style in-text citation has been followed in the
study.
M. Has avoided plagiarism. Yes, the content has been written in own words.
USE OF ENGLISH
N. Writes accurate sentences. Accurate sentences has been written
O. Spells and punctuates accurately. Yes, the spells and punctuates has been checked.
P. Uses a range of language. No, Only English Language has been used.
Q. Writes in an appropriate academic
style.
Yes it is written in academic style
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Section 1: Portfolio Evidence V
Reflection
Think about the work you have done on this module and answer the following questions:
What went well? (approx. 50 words):
In the work, everything work well especially the easy availability of data. India and United Kingdom both
have robust educational system. As India was earlier ruled under British, the educational system reflects on
greatly. The data was easily available and authenticity of data has been checked in order to ensure that
precise information can be written in essay.
What areas do I still need to improve? (approx. 50 words):
I need to improve my articulation area. I understand the content easily but was not able to articulate
efficiently. Articulation skills are very important in order to enhance my essay writing skills. Furthermore, I
need to improve on my English writing skills. There were few grammatical and punctuation errors I have
made which need to be improved.
What actions do I need to take to make sure I improve? (approx. 50 words):
For improvement I will read articles and journals in order to improve my articulation skills. From reading I
will be able to know how researchers articulate the important findings and thus this will eventually improve
my articulation skills effectively and efficiently.
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Section 2: Written Task
Academic Writing (750 words)
Please type your essay below (750 words). Your chosen country MUST BE different from the
country you may have chosen in a previous term.
Make sure that:
 Your essay has an appropriate title, an introduction, two main body paragraphs, a
conclusion and a reference list.
 You have used at least 2 references (in-text citations) in each of your main body
paragraphs (at least 4 references in total).
 You have discussed BOTH countries in EACH of your main body paragraphs (point-by-
point approach).
You must focus your essay on Primary, OR Secondary Education.
Title
: Compare and contrast the primary or secondary education system in England / the UK
with a country of your choice in terms of two of the following; funding, organisation and
quality. Which system is preferable?
Primary and secondary education system in United Kingdom and India are different in various aspects. The
education system in both the countries aims to provide quality and adequate education to the students. In
this essay, the comparison of primary and secondary education system used in United Kingdom and India
will be discussed. The key differences including funding and quality will be consider for comparison.
Funding
In United Kingdom, funding of primary and secondary schools are done government and private schools.
Government grant funds in their budgetary session for education in order to transform the current
education more robust and effective. Primary schools and secondary schools are funded separately in United
Kingdom. The schools budget for pupils aged 5-16 in England is expected to be nearly £39 billion for
2017/18. A further £3 billion is being spent on early years provision (Levinson and Pollock, 2016). This £39
billion is about 58% of total government education spending in England, and 12% of total public service
spending in the UK for 2017/18. As compared to which in India, the funds are granted by government and
private schools owners. Government declare funds for both primary and secondary schools simultaneously.
Indian education system is governed under Ministry of Human Resource Department and funded separately
in parliamentary session. In order to enhance the quality of education, government of India is determined
and contribute maximum proportion of its budget towards education (Mahajan, Sharma and Nangia, 2016).
In India, education is provided by both private and public sector and funds comes from three levels which
are central, state and local level. Public or governmental school offers free education to primary level so that
children can receive basic education. Private sector set fees accordingly and as per their own norms but
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government has control on private sector in case they charge higher fees. In United Kingdom, the
government control the funding of both primary and secondary education as education is considered as an
important element in United Kingdom. Government of the country ensures that adequate and sufficient
budget has been provided to the schools so that growth and development of children can be made (Bryson,
2016.). In India, due to less monitoring and agility, it becomes difficult for the government to control the
funding of private sector. In this context, funding of both the countries are different in various aspects.
Quality
In United Kingdom, the government is determined to enhance its education system so that quality
education can be provided to the children. The quality of education in United Kingdom is much better than
compared with India. Students have liberty to choose their likeable streams in secondary education so that
their knowledge can be increased in their field (Dobe, 2016). As compare to this, Indian education systems
lacks many thing when it comes to quality. Due to political influence, the education provided to India lacks
quality. Students have limited field of streams at secondary education which impacts on the quality of
education. Indian education system is highly influenced by the political parties which affects the overall
quality of education in India. Students skills and abilities kept aside and things which are not event relevant
to them taught in secondary classes of education system in India (Douglas and et.al., 2015). In United
Kingdom, the education system is more robust as compared to India. They focus on individual students skills
and put redundant efforts so that skills and abilities can be more enriched and developed effectively and
efficiently. The quality of education is higher due to robust infrastructural facilities and qualified teachers.
The policies amends that teachers and educators has to work in disciplined manner so that enhancement of
students learning can be made (Freeman, Woodin and Wright, 2015). Primary education begins in UK at age
5. After age 11, children move forward to secondary education. In UK primary school provides primary
education and they are known as First School. Primary education in India begins at age 6. Children study in
Class 1st to Class 8th are primary students. After attaining age of 15 years children move to secondary
education.
From the above essay, it can be concluded that the education system in both the countries are
different. Fundings are done by government in both public and private schools in India where as government
is responsible to fund public sector schools in UK. The quality of education is high in United Kingdom as
compared to India due to less political influence, robust infrastructure and qualified teachers. Thus, it can be
understood that education system is different in both the countries.
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Reference List:
Levinson, B.A. and Pollock, M. eds., 2016. A Companion to the Anthropology of Education. John Wiley &
Sons.
Mahajan, R., Sharma, V. and Nangia, V., 2016. Analysis of challenges for management education in India
using total interpretive structural modelling. Quality Assurance in Education, 24(1), pp.95-122.
Dobe, M., 2016. Public Health Education in India–Reforms or Revolution?. Journal of public health
policy, 37(2), pp.263-269.
Freeman, M., Woodin, T. and Wright, S., 2015. History of Education (UK). ConneCting History of eduCation.
Douglas, J.A. and et.al., 2015. Understanding student satisfaction and dissatisfaction: an interpretive study in
the UK higher education context. Studies in Higher Education, 40(2), pp.329-349.
Bryson, C., 2016. Engagement through partnership: Students as partners in learning and teaching in higher
education.
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