This article discusses Management Information Systems and Knowledge Management Systems, their differences, and their applications in popular organizations like Pizza Hut and World Bank. It also explains the organizational strategies and functionalities of Telstra Corporation Ltd. with the help of Porter's Five Forces analysis.
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Running head: ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS Enterprise Information Systems Name of the Student Name of the University Author Note
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1 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS Table of Contents Question 1..................................................................................................................................2 Question 2..................................................................................................................................6 Question 3..................................................................................................................................8 References................................................................................................................................12
2 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS Question 1 Management Information Systems or MISis considered as a specifictype of software and hardware.These are utilizedfor the successful collection, processing, storing and finally disseminating any specific information. This particular type of information system helps in supporting the managerial role to leverage the information technology.This helps in increasing the profits or values of the business (Laudon and Laudon 2016).Management information system isusedfor the proper decision making, analysis, control as well as visualization. It can also be referred to as the subset of the information systems thatit comprises ofcontainingvarious other subsets.Maximumbenefitcould be obtainedbythe organization from this particular information system. The business processes, personnel and equipments are well managedwith the help of themanagement information system. Knowledge Management Systemis the information system that helps to manage the knowledge or information of any specific organization.Knowledge Managementisadistinct procedure to create, share, manage and use the information and knowledge of the company. KnowledgeManagementsolelyreferstothemultidisciplinaryapproachthathelpsin achievingvarious organizational goals by using the knowledgeand informationto the fullest (Dalkir 2013). TheKnowledgeManagementProcess majorly focuseson specific objectives of the organization;like the competitive advantages, improvised performance, integration, innovation and sharing of lessons learnt. KMS thus can be defined asasystem for using and applying the principles of knowledge managementin an organizational structure. The data driven objectives for the productivity of the business are the most significant amongst them. The competitive model of the businessowesto this particular system. There are various significant differences between management information system andKnowledge Management System. Theseare as follows:
3 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS i)Interplay between Knowledge and Information: Information in MIS can be easily recognized, distributed and organized; however, knowledge could not be managed as it depends on the person involved in this scenario (Bajdor and Grabara 2014). TheKnowledge Management Systemis strictly restricted to the creation of correct conditionsof peoplewho are learning and applying the knowledge for the proper benefit of the company. Thispersonal knowledge applicationis translated into the information used. ii)Different Approaches and Scopes: The scope and approach of the management information system is unidirectional as the employees follow the instruction of their seniors or bosses. However, the case is different inKnowledge Management System(Laudon and Laudon 2016). In KMS, the organization is completely dependent on the knowledge of the employees.If the employees are notfound to beknowledgeable, the organization would become a major failure. This system is bidirectional. iii)Organizational Learning: TheKnowledge Management Systemis different from the field of organizational learning as it isatype of self-acquiredknowledge.It does not depend on the organization. However, management information systemmeansthe managing ofinformation systemin anorganization and it completely depends on organizational learning. iv)Broader Concepts: ManagementInformationSystemis not abroad concept (Dalkir2013). However,KnowledgeManagementSystemcomprisesofseveralbroad concepts.Therefore,these concepts are recurrent. The major concepts of theKnowledge Management Systemare time, social space, types, embodiments, context, knowledge culture and many more. The broaderperspectives of theKnowledge Management Systemare completely related or linked to the corporate business strategies of the organization.
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4 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS v)Protection of Intellectual Capital: The strategies for protecting the valuable intellectualcapitalarecompletelydifferentformanagementinformationsystemand Knowledge Management System. In MIS, the organizations mainly focus on the firewalls, access levels and several security features. These are extremely important for the information system as it helps to protectthemproperly and systematically (Bajdor and Grabara 2014). Without these security measures, it is very difficult to maintain all these information systems astheyareresponsibleforstoringconfidentialinformation.Thisisdifferentinthe Knowledge Management System, since in KMS, the knowledgedoes not have physical evidence other than its evidence in the mental cavityof the individuals and it is impossible to secure them with any security measures. The knowledge only reduces ifaparticular individual leaves the organization on a sudden note. Thesetwosystems,i.e.ManagementInformationSystemandKnowledge ManagementSystemareutilizedbyvariousorganizationsbecauseorganizationsgain benefits from them. The descriptions of these systems with respect tothetwo popular organizations are given below: i)Management Information System: Pizza Hut is one of the leading organizations thatdeliver pizza to its customers. They have solely implemented the information technology ofManagementInformationSystemwithintheirorganizationtoruntheorganization successfully.The organization gains a huge benefit with the help of these systems. The benefits are as follows: a)Increment in Productivity: MIS has helped the organization in increasing the productivity of thebusiness by reducing the consumption of time and extra costs with the processing of information (Dalkir 2013). They have implemented the CIS orCustomer
5 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS IntegratedSystem for processing transactions. Moreover, Online Transaction Processing or OLTP isalsoimplemented with this information system. b)Easy Decision Making: The entire process ofdecision-makingin Pizza Hut has become extremely easy with theManagementInformationSystem. It provides relevant information for any specific situation and hence, theeffectivedecision could be takenin favour of the benefit of the organization. c)Improving Communication: MIS is responsible for improving the communication in Pizza Hut.Ever sincethe team workhas beendeveloped and customer relationship managementhas beenmaintained. d)Facilitates Organizational Transformation: Pizza Hut is oneofthe leading organizations in pizza delivery and this competitivenessismaintained with the management information system. ii)Knowledge Management System: World Bank has undertaken the system of KMS for their business and hasreceivedvarious benefits from it (Laudon and Laudon 2016). These are as follows: a)Lower Rates of Interest: The loans provided to the customers are of lower interest rates and thus becoming popular for the customers. b)ITTransformation:Thebankhasturnedallofitsbusinessprocessesto information technology and thishas becomepossible withthe implementation ofKMS. c)Improved Business Operations: The business process of World Bankhas been improvedowing to this implementation by Pizza Hut.
6 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS Question 2 TelstraCorporationLtd.istheleadingorganizationoftelecommunicationsin Australia that provides wireless networking services, internet access, mobile and market voices for the services and products. Moreover, the television products and services are also provided by the organization (Telstra.com.au. 2018). The Australian telecommunications were controlled by the PMG or Postmaster General’s Department. This particular company provides IS or information system services to the employees and customers. They can implement the management information system within their businessforgetting solutions for their business objectives and complexities with theMIS. The organizational strategies of Telstra Corporation Ltd. are given below: i)Excellent Customer Experiences: Theprimarystrategy of this organization is the deliveryof excellent customer experiences. The best products and services are provided to the customers by Telstra.Theymake sure that the customers are satisfied with their products (Sharma and Thakur 2015). The network and the communication of this organization are much better than the rest.Thus, the customers are happy with their products and services. They can utilizeManagement Information Systemto maketheir business processes easier. The strategic planning of the organization could be completely based on the MIS and the network canbe made digital owingto this. ii)Driving Value and Growth: The second strategy of Telstra is to drive growthand valueinthe organization. The business is ensured to be extremely effective, sustainable and efficient with the MISas it helpsthe company to focus on the customer and growth of the revenue.Thesuperiorityof networkandexcessproductivitycanbegainedwiththe implementation ofManagementInformationSystem.
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7 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS iii)Coping up with Advanced Technology: The next important strategy of this popular organization is the coping upof the organizationwith new and advanced technology (Sharma and Thakur 2015). Since, Telstra was started in the year of 1901, the technologies have becomeextremely old and thus there should be a constantevolutionin the technology. Telstra checks for new and advanced technology regularly and makes sure thatit isupgraded in accordance to thenew technology. This helpsthe organization inmaintainingtheir goals and objectives. MIS would be the best solution in this particular scenario. MIS is responsible for storing, retrieving, collecting and managing any information.Therefore,it is the subset of information technology and thus provides allitsbenefits. iv)Building Growth within Businesses:Anotherstrategy of the organization is the building growth within the business close to the core. The international enterprisebusinessis the major part of this (Sharma and Thakur 2015). Moreover, the international infrastructure and the serviceprovidingbusinesses are included in this strategy. Management information can be an important solution to this strategy as it helps to maintain the international infrastructure properly and subsequently. The functionalities and applications of Telstra are as follows: a)Panviva: This is the most important and significant application of Telstra. It helps the organizations in solving their highly complicated access to information problems by simply delivering the information thata user requires. This particular application gives the companies a specific cloud-based platform, guiding the staffs.This is done byall the business procedures and any front office function (Telstra.com.au. 2018). It eventually empowers the companies in providing better experiences for the staffs and customers and finally driving efficiencies and capitalizing on success. ManagementInformationSystem is a solution for
8 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS maintaining this application as it helps in integrating the systems and data interpretation. Moreover, MIS also providessecurity measurementstothe business. b)Zimperium: The second important application and functionality of Telstra is Zimperium. It provides real-time security for the mobile devicesinany organization. The businesses try out the security solutions of Zimperium within their mobile devices. This solutionservesboth Android and iOS devices. The cyber threats to the confidential data are somehow reduced with this type of security solution and hence, it is extremely popular for the customers. Since, MIS provides security to the devices; it would be helpful for Telstra. c)TeleSign: The third significant application of Telstra is TeleSign. It isatype of mobile identity solution (Sharma and Thakur 2015). It is extremely easytodeploy and integratewithin the existing applications as well as workflows;combating the frauds. MIS helps in maintaining the authenticity and integrity of business information and thus is useful for Telstra. Question 3 Porter’s five forces isaparticular framework or tool that helps in the analysis of the competitorsforany specific business. This typical framework is responsible for drawing the five forces determining the intensity of competition as well as attractivenessin the market. These help any business to increase the overall productivity and profitability (E. Dobbs 2014). The available profits of all organizations are solely driven to the normal level of profit. The alteration in the five forces needs thebusiness unittoreassess themarket segment. The total attractiveness of the industry never implies that all organizations return the profitability. ThePorter’s Five Forces framework has been applied to the World Bank.TheWorld Bank isaninternational financial institution thatprovidesloans to all countries in the world
9 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS for their capital projects. There are two institutions in World Bank,calledIDA and IBRD. ThePorter’s Five Force analysisin respect to World Bank is as follows: i)Threat of New Entrants: The new entrants in any existing market decrease the profitability of the otherpre-existingfirms within the industry. The entry of these new firms is extremely difficultsince theWorld Bankis a leading organization (Dälken 2014).This forms athreatforall the new banking sectorsas itmight take up all the customers of them. The existence of the barriers, government policies, absolute costs, capital requirements, and cost disadvantages arealsosome of the major and important factorsbesides thethreat of new entrants. ii)Threat of Substitutes: There is always a high risk of the substitutes in any business. If the customers find a substitute product that ismoreeffective for them, they wouldalways choose thebetteroption. Moreover, they try to utilize a product with similar costin spite ofbetter advantages (E. Dobbs 2014).In case ofthe World Bank, if the rates of interest are higher than the substitute banks, there is a high chance that they would lose all their customers and the business would suffer major losses. The potential factors of thisthreat mainly include the buyerinclinationtoasubstitute, ease of substitution, availability of closer substitutes, amount of substitutes available in any market and many more. iii)Bargaining Power of Customers: This specificthreatrefers to the output of markets and the ability of the customers in putting the firm under pressure.This affectsthe sensitivity of the customersfor change in serviceprices. There are various measures that could be undertaken by the firm for reducing the buyer power.This could be done by implementation of a loyalty program (Dälken 2014).Incase oftheWorld Bank, the organizationshould reduce the buyer power by implementing new loyalty programs. If the buyer’s power is high, the customers have various alternatives andvice versa. The potential
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10 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS factors include buyer switching costs, buyer concentration, bargaining leverage and many more. iv)Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The bargaining power of the suppliers refers to the market of inputs. All the suppliers of the raw materials, labours, services and components are the sources of powersinceonlyafew substitutes are present.In case of theWorld Bank, theorganization isthe sole provider of loans to the countries for capital projects and hence The World Bank has a monopoly. The major potential factors include presence of substitute inputs, degree of inputs differentiation and many more. v)Industry Rivalry:This threatis the determinant of competitiveness of the business (E. Dobbs 2014). The World Bank should have an understanding of their industry rivals. The potential factors include degree of transparency, powerful competitive strategies and many more. The recommendations for the bank and its customers are as follows: a)Current IS: The current IS could bring benefit to the bank by providing easy communication, globalization, reduction in cultural gaps, easy availability, cost effectiveness and many more. b)Online Collaboration: The customers of the bank who are not presentat the locationcould easily contact and communicate with the bank by online collaboration. c)Web 2.0: Availability is the major advantage of Web 2.0 andacts as an advantage because ofa variety of media present due to this technology (Crossleret al.2013). d)Social Networks: Communication is much easierviasocial network and the customers of the bank would bereceivingalltheinformation.
11 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS e)Increased Popularity of Mobile: Higher efficiency and productivity are the major benefits of this technology. However, there are few security issues in the above technologies that are vulnerable for the bank and its customers. They are as follows: i)Current IS: The hackers could easily hack the systemforming a major vulnerability issue. ii)OnlineCollaboration:Networkfailureisthemajorsecurityissueinthis technology. iii)Web 2.0: Fake IDs and spammers are common in Web 2.0.This could makethe bank could lose their confidential information (Crossleret al.2013). iv)Social Networks: The malicious applications and attacks are common in social networks, thus making them difficult to trust. v)Increased Popularity of Mobile: Data leaks are the major problem in this type of technology and therefore, the bank and the customer should be careful enoughto fall prey to any kind of data breach.
12 ENTERPRISE INFORMATION SYSTEMS References Bajdor, P. and Grabara, I., 2014. The Role of Information System Flows in Fulfilling Customers’ Individual Orders.Journal of Studies in Social Sciences,7(2). Crossler, R.E., Johnston, A.C., Lowry, P.B., Hu, Q., Warkentin, M. and Baskerville, R., 2013.Futuredirectionsforbehavioralinformationsecurityresearch.computers& security,32, pp.90-101. Dälken, F., 2014.Are porter’s five competitive forces still applicable? a critical examination concerning the relevance for today’s business(Bachelor's thesis, University of Twente). Dalkir, K., 2013.Knowledge management in theory and practice. Routledge. E. Dobbs, M., 2014. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry analysis templates.Competitiveness Review,24(1), pp.32-45. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. Sharma, S. and Thakur, K.S. eds., 2015.Management information system. Horizon Books (A Division of Ignited Minds Edutech P Ltd). Telstra.com.au. 2018.Telstra - mobile phones, prepaid phones, broadband, internet, home phones, business phones. [online] Available at: https://www.telstra.com.au/ [Accessed 17 Apr. 2018].