Impact of Automation on Construction Activities

This research report discusses the impact of automation on construction activities, focusing on productivity, cost, quality, and safety. It explores the concept of automation in construction, the benefits it brings, and the potential for reducing costs and increasing safety factors. The report is based on a case study of Ali & Sons Contracting Company LLC in Abu Dhabi.

Entrepreneurial
Action Assessment
Table of Contents
1. ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT.............................................................................3

1.1 Entrepreneurial Opportunity.............................................................................................3
1.2 Research methodology.....................................................................................................7
1.4 Literature review............................................................................................................11
Impact on automation for reducing cost and increasing safety factors in construction.......18
1.5 Analysis of the entrepreneurial opportunity/ challenge..................................................21
Concept of automation on construction activities................................................................21
Benefits that could be attain by construction through enhancing automation in construction
practices................................................................................................................................23
Impact of automation for reducing cost and increasing safety factors in construction........25
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................28
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................29
(Books and Journal)..............................................................................................................29

1. ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT
1.1 Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Background of Research
The construction sector is one of the most necessary sector in all over the world. It is
playing an essential role in economic development of country. The construction is high hazard
sector that mainly comprises wider range of the activities consisting plans, constructs, design,
maintain and demolishes buildings. Scope of the automation in construction is wider that
encompassing different construction stage from planning and design by construction of facility,
operation to building recycling and the engineering structures. The businesses are mainly looking
for automating repetitive ways, dangerous risks and the time consuming to increase efficient and
make improvement in worker’s safety (Aghimien, 2019)
.
The construction industries play a vital role in world economy & contribute around 7-8% of total
employment around the world though the industry suffer long enough for innovation & low
technological advancement. Technology in today’s world considered as a backbone for any
country's development. The country experience growth an exponential level in construction
sector. In recent times the construction industry gradually started using automated & robotics
system in construction like, 3D printing, robots including mule for specialize in brick laying &
some tailored robots to perform some specifically design tasks. Though these are at initial stage
of usage but have significant impact on humanize functions as how they use to do construction
work manually. These automations in construction industry bring a new era for life style with
innovative, less labour intensive, cost benefit techniques not only save time but also save
expenses that usually occur with manual labour. Growing demand for smart homes, villas,
resorts etc. in UAE, the country may experience a major growth in automation in construction
sector.
Current research is based on the Ali & Sons Contracting Company LLC (ASC), is a local
business operate their commercial activities in Abu Dhabi in the year of 1979. It is a subsidiary
of Ali & Sons Holding. Mainly, it is a general construction company and also specialising in
civil construction pf residential. Along with this, it is also a commercial and industrial building

that classified through contractors Committee and planning department of Abu Dhabi as a
Special category in relation to building and steel construction.
Research Aim
This is one of the important sub section of entire research as it is a base on which each
and every activities of investigation are based. Mainly, it expresses the purpose and an aspiration
of the research on which investigator can easily undertake overall analysis. With the assistance
of this, researcher can attain reliable and valuable results at the end of the study. As it makes
entire research activities more effective and successful as well. In this context, the main aim of
research is “To critically discuss the impact of the automation on the construction activities
instead of humans in terms of the productivity, cost, quality and safety.”
Research Objectives
It is also an important phase of undertaking research activities as it is based over the research
aim developed by investigator to execute the same. Along with this, investigator focus on
variables present in the research aim so that realistic and appropriate objectives of study can be
easily developed. By this, investigator can gather detailed information that directly contributes in
drawing a valid conclusion at the end of investigation. In relation to this, there are some
appropriate objective that can be understood by following objectives:
• To identify the concept of automation on construction activities.
• To analyse the benefits that could be attain by construction through enhancing
automation in construction practices.
• To evaluate the impact on automation for reducing cost and increasing safety factors
in construction.
Research Questions
It is important for an investigator to develop an appropriate question that support in
addressing the specified problem with the aim of taking right solution. Mainly, it is related with
the research objectives that develop an important area on which researcher can improve the
chances of attaining reliable outcomes within the research activities. Research questions help
investigator to in evaluating the areas for further improvement in the study. All the research
questions can be understood by following points:

• What is the concept of automation on construction activities?
• What are the benefits that could be attain by construction through enhancing
automation in construction practices?
• What is the impact on automation for reducing cost and increasing safety factors in
construction?
Hypothesis
• H0: Automation has improved quality and productivity
• H1: There’s no impact of automation on construction activities
Scope of research
The scope of this project is very broad because it is based on the impact of the
automation on the construction activities instead of humans in terms of the productivity, cost,
quality and safety. In relation to construction activity that cover various aspects of construction
life from initial planning and design by construction facility and also manage all the operation
and maintenance. In construction sector, recent development of computer science, and robotics
have also provide scope to the company in improving its productivity level. Along with this,
various new technologies and machinery have also developed that make construction activity
easier. One of the main benefit of using advancement of technology within the construction
activity is to minimise the construction cost and project time period. This will directly contribute
in maximizing the productivity level automation and is quality. Furthermore, various
construction industry also operates and conduct within the risky condition. As it requires robotics
with the aim of improving safety and quality work that directly contributes in attaining success in
the construction industry. This is the reason that investigator undertake current investigation as it
provides assistance in improvising the chances of attaining positive results at the end of the
investigation.
Project plan
It is an important section of undertaking research activities as it provides assistance to
researcher in completing whole study in more effective way. Mainly, it includes various plans
and activities along with appropriate time frame so that researcher can easily complete the study
and attain reliable outcomes. For this, investigator develop a Gantt chart that is related with the
graphical representation consist various activities and task along with specified time frame. This

will support in successfully execute each and every task activity without any kind of issues and
obstacles.
Evidence management of the project from idea
This research has various opportunities that assist researcher in determining the actual
impact of automation on construction activities. Now a day’s, majority of business are
developing new and advancement of technologies to make their activities more effective and
smooth manner. As automation may increase the productivity of construction project by reducing
the laborious work and duration. One of the main advantage of implementing automation in
construction industry may assist in improving the quality of work as compare to unskilled
workers. Basically, the construction industry is one of the important or fundamental economic
sector in over the world. In this context, automation and technological innovations have
interrupted the construction landscape as it also bringing with new aspects and prospects that
directly contributes in increasing profitability level of construction company by providing safe
and productive project. In addition to this, the major opportunity of undertaking this project is
that automation help construction activity is to improve the quality of project that directly assist
in maximizing overall performance of business organization.

1.2 Research methodology
Research methodology is explained as the particular process that used to determine, choose
and also examine the information regarding topic. It allows reader to evaluate the validity and
also reliability of study. Methodology explains wider philosophical underpinning to selected
research methods consisting using the quantitative or qualitative methods or mix. It is necessary
that researcher should be clear regarding academic basis for all research methods choices which
have made. Study about the research methods helps in provide the guidance about conducting the
research project in significant manner. It provides essential training or guidance to selecting
methods, tools and materials which are necessary to chosen issue. There has been research onion
used for the purpose of doing the research methodology. Saunders research onion mainly
illustrates different stages included in doing research work that developed through Saunders et.
al., (2007). Layers of onion provides detailed explanation of research process stages. The
different stages included in research onion mention below:
Research Philosophy- It is related to the belief regarding way under which the data regarding
phenomenon should be collected as well as analysed in significant manner. There are
interpretivism and positivism two different philosophies of research.
Interpretivism philosophy- This is based on principle that stated an investigator mainly
performs particular role in order to observing things. In this, research is mainly based on what
the interest of investigator is. Interpretivism is mainly linked with philosophical position of
idealism & is used with diversity approaches. With help of this research It helps in accessing to
multiple methods, with purpose of reflecting of different parts of issues. Through accessing to
interpretivism results in using of information & resources effectively.
Positivism philosophy- It is based on idea that the scientific knowledge is acceptable of
world and also characterised through testing hypothesis that derived from existing knowledge
theory. In regards to this, body of investigation mainly generated through philosophical stance
that can be replicated through other investigators. It is based on the empirical data with large
samples which used to make the generalizations. In the positivism research philosophy, role of
an investigator is limited regarding data collection as well as interpretation in objective manner.
In this type of the research, findings are mainly quantifiable and observable. It is mainly based
on the quantifiable observation which lead to the statistical analysis. Research philosophy is
essential in projects as well as research because it help in understanding of subjects, field, assist

in solution of problem,improve communication & writing skills at wider level. It has been too
examined that research philosophy helps in making aware about beliefs and assumptions which
have been made. The process of research is time consuming which is needed to be done in most
efficient manner.
Justification: There has been interpretivism research philosophy used as this adheres the
factual knowledge that mainly gained through the observation. In this, interpretivist investigator
is seen playing necessary role in making the sense and also interpreting gathered data. The main
benefit of using this research philosophy is that it provides the information and data in detailed
manner.
Research Approach- It is related to approach that an investigator takes that can have explained
as either deductive or inductive. The research approach are process and plan for conducting an
investigation that span steps from wider assumptions to the detailed data collection and also
analysis. Different research approaches are given below:
Deductive approach- When conducting the deductive research, it is necessary to begin
with theory. This approach can be defined through hypothesis means that can have derived from
propositions of theory. It is the one that people are related with the scientific research. It is
generally related with the quantitative investigation. The benefit of this approach is that there is
possibility to define the causal relationships among variables and concepts. There is more
possibility to generalize the research related findings to certain extent. The main benefit of
deductive research approach is to define the causal relationship among variables and concepts.
Inductive approach- This approach is systematic process for examining the qualitative
data under which analysis is to be guided through particular evaluation objectives. It moves from
particular observations to wider generalisations. The main focus of inductive approach is to
move from the particular observation to wider generalisations.
Justification: In this, inductive research approach has been used as it is based on the
qualitative research method. The benefit of using inductive research approach is that it begins
with proper observations that proposed towards end of investigation and getting positive
outcomes.
Research Choice- It seek to inform an investigator what data is gathered through using the
effective and efficient sources. It is the responsibility of an investigator to select the better

research choice for getting positive outcomes. There are qualitative and quantitative two
different choices which mention below:
Qualitative research choice- This generally consists to gathering and also examining the
non- numerical data in order to understand the experiences, concepts and opinions. The
qualitative research choice can be effectively used to collect the in- depth insight into issue or
also generate effective ideas for an investigation.
Quantitative research choice- This is process of gathering and also examining the
numerical data and information. It can mainly be used to search patterns, make the predictions
and generalise outcomes to the wider populations. An investigator analyse data through use of
statistics and will be yield unbiased outcomes which can be generalise larger population.
Quantitative research choice has been used in this investigation because it is mainly use to
quantify issue of generating the numerical data which can transformed into the usable statistics.
In this, it is necessary to assure better sample size that used to gain the accurate outcomes. The
quantitative investigation needs the careful design and ability for the anyone both test as well as
outcomes. It makes data that an investigator mainly collected reliable and minimum open to an
argument.
Justification: In conducting the present investigation, there has been qualitative research
method used as it provides the detailed investigation on specific subject area. The qualitative
research approach to an investigation is not bound through limitations of the quantitative method.
If the response does not fit expectations of an investigator, then this is useful qualitative equally
to add the context.
Research Strategy- It is step by step action plan that provides proper direction to efforts and
thoughts. This enables to conduct an investigation in systematic manner and also develop the
valid outcomes within given time period. There are different research strategies such as
interviews, case study, survey and others.
Justification: In conducting the current investigation, there has been case study research
strategy used. This research method is used for detailed study regarding specific case. The main
reason of doing case study is that it has narrow focus that results in the descriptive data in
detailed manner.
Data collection methods- It is explained as process of gathering, examining and also analysing
accurate and reliable insights for an investigation using the validation techniques. Objective of

the data collection is to assure that information should be reliable for the statistical analysis so
that positive outcomes can be gained. Data is mainly gathered to subjected to the hypothesis
testing that seeks to define phenomenon. For data collection, there is range of the research
outcomes for which data is effectively gathered. Its main purpose is to put an investigator in
vantage position in order to make the predictions regarding future trends as well as possibilities.
Different data collection methods given below:
Primary method- This type of the data is mainly gathered through an investigator from
main sources for an instance surveys, experiments, interviews and observations. This data is
mainly gathered from sources where it originated from and considered as better research data.
The main benefit of using this method is that it provide appropriate credentials. Primary method
is to be considered as most effect approach on basis of which it is fresh and new information is
being gathered in appropriate manner. Through this method, it is easier to enhance reliability of
project & research. Further, it is cost expensive procedure provide effective data.
Secondary method- In this, information is collected through the other person than actual
user. The information and data is available already and also analyse through some other person.
The different secondary sources consist books, articles, internet sources, scholars and journals.
Secondary approaches are also beneficial which help in gaining information & data through
secondary sources. These are viewed as less cost expensive as compared to primary methods. It
is because already collected credentials, data are being focused by investigators & are used in
their research projects.
Justification: In conducting the present investigation, there has been secondary method of
data collection used. The main reason to use secondary method is that it is easier to find the
information in less period of time. Secondary data is mainly available from some other sources
and making this easier to be carried out an investigation.
Time horizon- The time horizon are of two different types such as longitudinal and cross
sectional. This layer of the research onion mainly explains time frame for an investigation. The
different time horizons are mention below:
Cross- sectional time horizon- It is short term study consisting collection of the
information and data at particular time period. This is snapshot of specific group of the people at
provided time period.

Longitudinal time horizon- This is collection of the information repeatedly over long
time period in context to compare the data. This is observational study under which the data is
collected from similar sample over extended time period.
Justification: In conducting the present research, there has been cross- sectional time
horizon used. The main reason to use this time horizon is that through this method, multiple
variables can be studied effectively at single time. This is cheaper as comparison to longitutional
time horizon.
1.4 Literature review
It synthesized the scholarly literature on topic through examining effective sources
selection. This mainly explains the themes but demonstrate understanding of author regarding
literature by effective critical analysis and determine gaps in an investigation. The literature
review determines, examines and also synthesis relevant literature within specific area of an
investigation. It is related to gathering published information on to critically discuss the impact
of the automation on the construction activities instead of humans in terms of the productivity,
cost, quality and safety. The main purpose of literature review is to gain the in- depth
understanding of existing investigation and also debates regarding to specific subject area.
conducting the literature review aids in develop knowledge in area. it provides the readers
understanding of scholarly investigation on topic area. In literature review, researcher will give
synthesis of problems, concepts and trends surroundings of an investigation. In this, secondary
sources have been used to attain objectives for an instance books, internet sources, scholars,
journals and others. The present investigation is related to collection of data and information
about the impact of the automation on the construction activities instead of humans in terms of
the productivity, cost, quality and safety. With overview of literature review, it help in brief
understanding of topic which is automation in construction activities. Also, it helps in
understanding of task & other concept of research in most effective manner. It is essential for
investigator as well as researcher to have appropriate knowledge about literature as it clear the
mind set of reader in simpler manner. The LR gives a detailed knowledge about the task, scope,
objective of research in appropriate way. This clear the facts of about all information which has
been gathered for research. Main benefits of literature review is that it help in analysing of
current state of research on topic, examining of knowledge about chosen topic, detailed analysis
of questions that are needed for proposed research ,using of methodologies in relation of same

topic within past years. Conducting LR helps in understanding of clear research, justify research
& topic, help in accessing of theoretical framework, develop knowledge additionally.
Concept of automation on construction activities
According to viewpoint of Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke and Clinton Aigbavboa (2020)
Automation in the construction has found way to be concrete mixing. The control system and
robotics are mainly used to mix the concrete, polish floors, lay cement and also remove the
surface water. Automation can keep process in- house, minimize lead times and improvement in
process control as comparison to going overseas. The automation solution is mainly based on
unique requirement and pay quickly because of less operating costs, enhanced output and
minimize the lead times. It permits firms to be prepare the ready mixed and precast concrete
goods which take shorter time to be install. The shortage of labour us one of the main reason of
automation. The construction automation assists in the quality control and minimize the time of
construction. In regards to this, scope of the construction automation is wider and also consisting
whole construction stages such as production of the construction materials, onsite construction,
prefabrication of the construction components and also stricture recycling. Automation in
construction mainly addresses different and serious problems regarding construction such as
skilled labour shortage, low quality of the final product, poor weather condition, labour safety
and the short construction which are the main project features. If the automation in construction
industry is practised, then work will be on the continuous basis and construction period will
reduce and give more economic benefits. In regards to this, construction automation mainly
improves the labours safety and increase work quality. In the construction industry, automation
enhance construction project productivity, minimize labour work, enhance construction safety
and also enhance work quality as comparison to the unskilled workers. In the construction
sector, automation will develop enhancing skill mismatch in the construction. The workers
require fair amount of the physical skills even if the robots do physical work about laying the
bricks, workers will require to drive as well as maneuver the heavy equipment. They will require
to pair work with technological skills. In order to adjusting to automation in the construction will
need the efforts from public industries, private and the sector related to support the worker in
order to developing skills to make transition. On the other hand, uniform quality with the high
accuracy that given through the skilled employees. It mainly replaces the human operators in the
tasks which consist monotonous or physical work. The automation replaces the human being in

the tasks to be performed in dangerous environment such as over river, height and others.
Construction industry is changing with period of time. It is also becoming important to focus on
competition across world. As technology sector is changing with rapid scale, it gives rise to
business sector. The activities of construction are mostly managed and handled by humans who
have high level of skilled & capabilities. Every business is connected with technology as it gives
them access to more new opportunity. Due to rise of competition in market, importance of
robots, automation, tools, software has increased at wider approach. The rise of industrial robots
came from late 1960s. With over two decades industrial robotics have been increased with over
2.25 million. The investment in automation & robotics leads to increase of profit & sales
revenue at wider scale. With rise of robots & industrial machines in corporate sector it is making
it difficult for humans to get employment. As use of automation in industry has increased, it also
faces some challenges like established laws, regulations, complex procedures etc. It is necessary
to with these issue in correct way so that it become easier to access to enhance production level
in business & use resources in effective manner. Due to increased cost of labour, businesses are
focusing on expanding their usage of technology top manage their financial stricture.
Further, it has been seen that due to higher complexity of work into construction
activities, it is not easy that every task can be completed by automation of robots. Also, it is
cost expensive for businesses to change their business activities from traditional to modern
technologies. So, when adopting of robotics, it is essential to check whether the task can be done
by industrial machines or not. There are various types of benefits which are related with use of
robots in instruction industry such as they lasts for longer period, work is completed within
period of time, occur of risk is resolved in proper manner etc. Thus, it is critically important to
adopt use of robotics in field of construction sector to achieve competitive benefit in most
efficient manner. Through use of these, it become easy for firm & entrepreneurs to achieve their
output in positive way.
As contrary to this, Rachel Novotny (2020) The benefits which mainly attributed to the
automation consists high growth rate, enhanced productivity, high quality of products, short
workweeks for the labour and minimized factor lead times. The high output as well as enhanced
growth have been the two main reason in order to justifying automation use. Despite claims of
the high quality from better workmanship through humans, the automated systems perform
production process with the minimum variability than the human workers. This resulting in the

higher control along with the consistency of quality of products. Enhanced process control makes
the effective use of the materials that resulting in the minimum scrap. The safety of employees is
necessary reason for automating industrial operation. Application of the automation in
construction sector for performing the different task is developing. Basic activities in building
the construction and the civil engineering projects which mainly developed through automations
such as positioning, attaching, connecting, concreting, demolishing etc. In this present time,
proponents of the technology have been pointed lack of the automation as well as technological
adoption as main reason for the bad performance of an organisation. The construction is largest
and biggest digitized sector in all over the worlds and had failed to enhance employee’s
productivity. In regards to this, drones are better for conducting the inspections of site mainly on
the mega projects for an instance shopping malls and skyscrapers. Team or an individual of the
inspectors would spend the days walking by structure in order to analyse the safety related
precaution as well as progress. The drones permit single pilot to do work of several inspectors
from safe. The drones can mainly be used for the inventory management. Other than this, factory
production is promising way to address shortage of the workers. They mainly operating machine
which does building far productive than employees which does building itself. On the other
hand, robotics applications are promise to increase the efficiency in construction. When think
regarding construction automation, there is a need to think regarding robotics application and
whether use the robots to make the work easier than the humans which done traditionally. The
investors are mainly putting the million dollars in to the developing construction robots. These
are the robots will increase growth in construction sector. Leading the organisations are
developing new methods which will be revolutionize how big players in business process in
coming decades. With all advantages robotics and automation has made way for the new fetes
and also better prospects in context to economic for the large scale organisations.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
319199428_Effects_of_Automation_on_Construction_Industry_Performance
https://esub.com/blog/reshaping-the-construction-industry-automation-tools-and-technology/
Benefits that could be attain by construction through enhancing automation in construction
practices
As per opinion of Rita Yi Man Li (2020) Automation in the construction provides more
quality of products rather than the products or the services provided by the person who has more

experience in this field and takes very less time to construct in comparison to the handmade work
which require more efficiency and the time. It also helps in removing the persons or the labours
for those task which requires more efficient in comparison to the machines. The time and the
cost both will be saved if the labour involvement is less in the field and get the better results in
very less time. Automations helps in do the job faster in comparison to the work done by labours
as they can do the work in more effective way and get the results properly and help indulging the
labours in the other work which cannot be done by the automation which help in increasing the
efficiency and help in saving the time. It helps in declining the cost and help in improving the
efficiency and the productivity by the automation construction. The automated system removes
all workers from workplace to safeguarding against hazards of factory environment. Other
benefit of the automation in construction sector is to minimize number of the hours worked on
the average per week through the factory employees. It has minimized to standard workweek
around 40 hours. The automation and mechanization both played necessary role in reduce this.
Time needed to process typical manufacturing order by factor is minimized with the proper
automation. In regards to this, automation mitigated impact of the labour shortages. In skilled
trades, it is powerful because construction industry is dealing with the deficit of the skilled and
experienced workers in order to perform roles needed in plants, sites and factories. There are
worthy arguments that the automation eliminated mindless, clerical and manual tasks which are
boring and routine. If the construction company transfer workforce from hands on the positions,
active to the supervisory roles then it is necessary to enhanced overall safety. It is main selling
point for the automation with large size companies. The automated equipment’s are capable of
producing the large production volume that human workforce. The robotics and automation in
the construction sector hives precise and the uniform quality products as comparison with the
goods developed through the experienced employees. In the japan and the Germany living
standard of the people has increased and their gross income has also increased which result in the
applying of the automation in the constructions for the future benefits.
As contrary to this, Melanie Baravik (2020) stated that automation of the precast components
is beneficial because this gives goods which is better quality is not changing as well as wastage
of factory is reduced. This is reduction of the factory waste that made possible due to using
necessary amount of the material that arranged through computer planning as well as
programming. In context to this, stationary mixer plants are not exception as well as substantial

automation and robotics degree are to be employed for long time period. As far as the onsite
construction robotics and automation is primary concern, there are many apparatuses which has
mainly used fort various purpose in site of project for an instance finishing, concrete screening,
cleaning and finishing. Robotics and automation in the masonry prefabrication plays necessary
role and provides benefits because it is not raise masonry production block but reduce labour
cost as well as the manpower. The plants which developed masonry components may be
automatic completely or partially. There are some benefits that could be attain by construction
through enhancing automation in construction practices mention below:
Streamline inefficient process: In this, most of the teams are spend time on the tedious tasks
which could be partially or completely automated. It should not replace all the tasks of human
but there are some tasks where machines are get more number of drone which faster than the
people. Automations helps in reducing the task which can be done by the machines faster in
comparison to the humans and they reduce their work. If there is a routine asset inspection the
information can be filled documented which may sometime cause error but by using automated
machine it helps in reducing the errors. Drones are the best examples of the automated machine
which help in covering all the areas from the top which cannot be done by the labours. The
drones can able to perform the inspection on sites effectively consisting hard to the access or the
more dangerous areas such as busy highways or bridged. The drones can record all inspections to
completed in proper manner. Other than this, data collection becomes accurate and effective with
the automation. With using the fleet management software such as Track that can able to record
digitally daily vehicle inspection reports (DVIRs) with more detail. This can be viewed as well
as completed in the track from any of the browser and in Link app from the tablets and mobile
devices which make the reporting simple and accessible.
Recruit and retain next-gen talent: Few businesses in the construction sector have been
escaped impact of labour shortage that is plaguing construction sector. Sometimes the business
has to face the issue regarding the labour and hard to find the efficient and skilled workers easily.
It also consumes the time and money to make the labours skilled. By increasing in the
technological advancement and automation in the job helps in generating the opportunities and
the chance to work in an organisation. Implementing the automation for construction is the sign
of the future and can adapt the technology and the innovations easily. Other than this, next
generation of construction workforce has various skill set that mainly routed in digital world.

Learning into expertise can take business to next level. Executing the automated construction
process is sign that construction sector is paying the attention to industry future and would not
away from the technology based innovations. This shows creative thinkers needs to be hire that
business would not sit at standstill while some of the other sector goes digital. In regards to this,
automating process would not take the jobs away. When an individual uses the automation then
it is necessary to create the jobs, make improvement in sustain employees and add to skill set of
better staff members.
Increase productivity: Global construction productivity is declining as there is a
shortage of the labours and the automation construction technology. If they have the automated
team constructions technology like drones or fleet management software helps in improving the
communication and speed up the work easily in a given period of time. The automated process of
construction reverses minimum growth trend. if in case the fleet management software and drone
can speed up or make improvement in communication then the construction sector does not have
more to lose. The automation is essential and the time consuming tasks for an instance inspection
which cut down number of the hours spent on them and also assured that they are done in
correct6 manner with present project data.
Make jobs sites safer: Industries like the construction may have injuries and sometimes
have long term physical injuries which may lead to death of the person to avoid these injuries the
automation construction technology can be used so that the work can be done easily. Automation
construction technology makes the work easy to the people and have the time to focus on other
things. The exoskeletons are tested to help employees with lifting the more objects for the long
hours. Exoskeletons shoulders physical burden and make this possible for the porkers to get the
work with proper safety with the minimum exhaustion. The drones are more useful in keeping
the workers out of danger areas of jobsite altogether. Unlike the human, droned can perform
complete aerial inspection quickly and also transmit the high quality of images and videos. This
is routine inspection or require to check put potential issue that need to find out for safety of
workers.
Stay competitive: In the construction sector, using automation will enhance use of the
technology in all the areas of sector. There is not the resisting influence on way to make
improvement in productivity, safety and efficiency. If the construction company neglect all the
automation, then this would not make any sense to do so when competition is using this to

benefits. It has been examined that around 74% of contractors are mainly plan to start using the
construction technology for an instance wearable safety devices and the VR\AR tools. The
construction automation has potential to take sector from the tech- averse to the tech- empowered
and make change way projects are handled from begin to finish. It should result in enhance the
high productivity level. The automating unsafe processes or time consuming is net positive. It
aids the projects to be stay scheduled and on the budget while give the priority to safety of staff.
https://blog.equipmentshare.com/construction-technology/5-benefits-construction-
automation/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
319067071_Robots_for_the_Construction_Industry
Impact on automation for reducing cost and increasing safety factors in construction
On the basis of Grace Ellis (2020) Automation is related to application and creation of the
technology in order to monitor as well as control production of products and services. With
technological improvements in the artificial intelligence and robotics, robots are more complex
work than simple task of handling the materials. Due to introducing the automation, production
cost would reduce and cost structure of goods across different sectors will change in significant
manner. In the construction, cost cutting can feel like the complicated balancing act. Its main
objective is to develop the high quality as well as performing the project. Budget are scrutinized
than ever and costs for the materials and labour are on rise. To be the truly budget conscious on
project is minimum regarding saving the pennies and about spending resources and well as time.
The automation is massively minimizing administrative the overhead costs. While the
automation improves efficiency, permitting the employees to attain faster, this assist to minimize
common human error that can be add up. The construction sector is that where the little things
are adding up fast. They can do more regarding regulations cost. It can be complex to monitor
but this is necessary. Taking the stock of how long the projects take for staff members and tell
where they would be better off in order to delegating to make improvement in the process. There
is a need to develop the better system to manage where staff members spend time. The robotics
are helpful in enable people to be work smarter, creative and better. It has been stated that
automation mainly gives the effective way to minimize labour costs and also error rated to
enhance uniformity with which the It professional are to be performed. After working with the
corporate consumers, product development groups and service delivery personnel, automation

regarding IT system helps in minimize the costs. While the automation may minimize cost of
operational process then thus enhanced some other costs for an instance maintaining automation
infrastructure. When these all the additional costs outweigh advantages of automation, there is
situation explained through human factors as automation of irony where the automation is
mainly intended to increasing cost has ended up. To prevent automation ironies, it is necessary to
take holistic view when adding the automation on IT system. It needs technique for exposing
hidden automation costs and analysis these are the costs against automation advantages. In
regards to this, construction sector mainly represents more chunk and the construction firms are
beginning to invest in the automation as well as robotic technology in order to gain the
competitive benefits over competition. Technology has been evolved in such a manner that
integration is customizable and quick. Some of recent technology permit the site operators to
develop as well as modify the autonomous path by facility. On the other hand, workers who
build on the construction site are humans. They are mainly impacted through heat, sleep, cold
and fatigue over all the limitations.
As contrary to this Gregory Miller (2020), the automated equipment has been
transformed the industrial production over the past 30 years and has instrumental in order
to accelerating production in construction. dynamic shifts from the human employees has
been resulted in relegation of the in labour intensive and repetitive tasks to the machines
while freeing up the humans in order to conduct high level of tasks. As the construction
sector start to rely heavily on the automation, general viewpoint is that enhanced
automation is effective from growth and the safety purpose. The construction business is
replete with the hazards. This uses the more equipment’s to move the more quantitative
of the material from one place to other, this puts workers in way to moving the loads.
This generated the debris and dust and this needs inspectors, supervisors and some of the
personnel in order to ascend more heights as the building grow taller. The safety is one of
the main issue on construction sector. There are several factors which impacting safety
performance in construction sector mainly consisting individual factors such as age and
work experience and the organisational factors like economic and technical factors. For
the safety purpose, it is necessary to implement the safety related regulated in
construction sector. The safety management should reinforce regulation and go beyond
through leading and also making safety related priority before the work starts. Through
setting up the clear expectations from starting, managers can be set up the tone to assure
the workers understand the personal responsibility for the safety. It will help to each
worker to work together for attaining common objectives to prevent injuries (Bao, 2017)
. The informal safety talk at begin of work make job of the safety managers easier through make
improvement in understanding of workers, reducing errors chances and preventing the
wasted time on the inconsistencies. In regards to this, toolbox talks on continue basis to
be better communication means safety to the workers. This sparks valuable discussion on
the general information regarding safety equipment, processes, tools and materials. It is

necessary for the company in construction sector to encourage the staff members to speak
up when they see something wrong (Bertrand, 2017)
. It can aid to avoid the injuries, fatalities and incidents. Implement the zoning to block off areas
where the tasks will be taken place, catch platforms, tasks will be taken place and apply
some other safety related measures. It is necessary to provide the opportunities in order to
address some of the safety challenges as well as experience cost savings. The putting the
safety first can assist in minimise the costs and improve the growth on jobsite. The
accidents are lead to cost runs as well as project delays (Bogatyreva, 2019)
. Improving the safety means reducing accidents and also injuries.
https://constructionblog.autodesk.com/save-money-in-construction/
https://www.ishn.com/articles/110963-an-exploration-of-automation-in-the-workplace-
safety-considerations-for-future-implementation

1.5 Analysis of the entrepreneurial opportunity/ challenge
It is an important section that is related with the secondary sources in which investigator analysis
the data collected through secondary sources. With the assistance of this, researcher can easily
analysis the actual impact of automation over the construction activity. This phase of
investigation provides in-depth evaluation on the basis of research activities that directly
contributes in attaining positive and reliable outcomes at the end of the investigation (Botha,
2020)(Chandra, 2017)
. Along with this, it also includes various themes that assist investigator to improve the
possibilities of analysing the actual results of the investigation. Through evaluation of this
research, it will be easy for researcher to have appropriate knowledge about how to adapt &
implement strategies within construction industry appropriately. This has been too analysed that
it is crucial to be aware about challenges which were faced like during this research problems
which were faced which are difficulty in collecting information, data regarding automation &
robotics. Moreover, carrying out this research leads to enhancing of productivity within
enterprise (Chen, 2017)
. Accessing to this opportunity leads to use of automation in correct way. Another benefit of this
research is that it increases knowledge & skills of a person regarding new technologies, software,
tools that can be used in business to gain benefits at higher scale. Further, it is analysed that
through proper implementation of technologies it is easy to access to set objectives of business
within time interval. This research gives path or new way to carry out construction activities in
enterprise. By critically understanding this research provide opportunity to enhance level of
knowledge at higher scale. Also, further benefit is that accessing to this research enhances
interest about technology in business.
Concept of automation on construction activities
Due to technical advancement in various sectors created new & improve way of doing
construction related work.
The most significant benefits of robotics & automation application in construction industries are:
Enhancing productivity & work efficiency with reduced cost.
Solid quality with higher accuracy than that provided by skilled workers.
Occupational safety enhancement for workers.
Better safety for public by deploying machines for dangerous works.

Work environment condition improvements etc.
Some of these specialize tools are effective in terms of cost as they can perform bulk of
task by employing least amount of people, lead to specialize in working & detailing. Since
technology such as 3DP in modelling provide detailed work even manual work sometime may
fail to produce (Cheng, 2020)
. It is indisputable that automated robot system helps to reduce production & labour costs
Automation have provided time saving on work so that more construction work can be
done with less time. Such as virtual reality, arguemented reality, mixed realities, drones, robotic
arms etc. are differently specialized automated technology particularly use for specific tasks.
Since automation is all set on codes, so the chance of mistakes is less likely to happen &
hence repetitive tasks are done so quality parameters are as per the expectations. However, some
tailored design products are also made to meet the demand in specific categories in
constructions. Automation in construction considered as safer option for future because in
today's generation people are less skilled at manual work. This lead to mistakes which is riskier
for human life to work in construction sites, if the manual work is replaced with machines the
accidents are less likely to happen (Cypress, 2018)
. As construction industries facing challenges raging from labour safety & tightening of
environmental regulations.
Though automation in construction is at initial stage but created more prospects for future
of constructions industry. Constant advancement in technology leading to less hassle free work
& more in speciality. Some the countries are growing in automation constructions such as-
Australia, Britain, Dubai, USA etc.
Although automated construction site can face difficulties with benefits like technological
& economical. Such as:
 High investment are needed to incorporate the technology.
 Work sites are not static rather dynamic & unstructured.
 Regular updates are need to maintain the competency level.
 Temporary work & weather impact is substantial.
To be in automated construction industries require huge investments as the research &
development, production cost & maintenance cost of these automated system is very high,
require skilled manpower to handle them.

The working area of construction site are not static & more unstructured because
sometime work is done beyond planned way which sometime become unpredictable which is
only possible if work is done manually which allow to change them according to the
requirements. Automated machinery requires regular updates because old methodology may
become obsolete over the period so, therefore company have to maintain the latest trend or to be
up to date with technologies to meet the competitive level (Davidsson, 2017)
.
Benefits that could be attain by construction through enhancing automation in construction
practices
Automation is considered as broad concept within the construction field as it includes all the
stages of construction life that starts from initial planning, proper design, procedure of
implementing the same. As all these stages are focus on quality and facility of construction.
Basically, it is also consisting operations and maintenance towards the eventual dismantling. In
this field, various recent development is there in computer science and robotics have provide
assistance to develop new technologies that make overall quality of industry more efficient and
productive. Along with this, it is also may assist in increasing the use of advancement of
technology that reduce work of human resource that increase the quality work in construction
projects (Di Muro, 2018)
. As, use of automation in construction field may also save time and cost because involvement of
labour is quite less in executing the construction activities. With the assistance of automation,
construction company can for the job faster as compare to traditional work. Furthermore,
automation in construction company may reduce the cost of company as it also increases the
efficiency. In this context, there are some benefits of automation in construction practices as it
develops streamline ineffective process, recruit and also retain next- gen talent. In addition to
this, it may also enhance the productivity level of construction. In relation to this, automation
also includes higher production rates that lead to increased productivity level, more optimum
utilisation of materials, better product quality, improve safety, minimise workweeks for labour,
reduce the factory lead time and many more. Use of new and advanced technology within the
construction practices may also assist in providing higher output and at the same time also
increased productivity level that justified the use of automation in construction procedure. Now a
day; majority of construction companies are use automation within the production procedure

may resulting in greater control and consistency of product quality. In addition to this, use of
new and advancement technology within the construction practices may increase process control
that also contributes in in making project more efficient and appropriate (Diyanati, 2018)
. This is possible by optimum utilisation of materials as it resulting in less scrap that directly
contributes in increasing the profitability level of construction company. In UAE, the main
objective of automation is to enacted with rationale of making overall work safer and protecting
as well. The main focus of automation is to protect the physical well-being of the workers that
includes the effect of promoting the utilization of materials and robotics in the factory. Along
with this, another advantage which is associated with automation is related with worker’s
displacement that make entire activities more efficient and productive as well. Automation and
robotics is a famous and recent trends in construction industries. As per current scenario, almost
people are depending on the digital and new technologies because it saves time, cost and many
more aspects. In context to construction industry, it also provides excellent solution for builder
with the aim of increasing the operational efficiency and at the same time also cut down the
manufacturing cost of company. As the scope of automation within the construction industry is
quire broad in relation to initial planning stage to all the way to operating as well as maintaining
the final structure.
Thus, there are some automation in construction that can be implement by business which
can be understood by following points:
 Autonomous machines on the construction site: Automation in construction activities is
refers to the use of autonomous machines that make entire procedure of project easier.
Along with this, self-driving machines also used to the transport materials in the project
work. With the use of this automation mays also help to haul heavy items without any
kind of posing a risk to workers. For an example machine can included with the robotics
technology solution in which sensors that also enable diggers, trucks and other equipment
that does not need driver within the cabin. With the assistance of developing relevant
path and also providing GPS capabilities and programming movement of the machine
itself. By automation, construction workers at sites can remotely operate all the machines
that make overall process of construction more efficient and smooth manner.
 Drones to survey working area and employees: It is also an another example of
automation in construction industry as it allows for the automated monitoring activities at

project site. By using drone, there is no need for further supervision that may assist in
improving the quality work. Furthermore, drone can be managed and programmed that
automatically scan the entire activities and working area with the aim of minimising any
kind of potential hazards. Using drone also allow construction companies to successfully
conduct pre project inspections and another sites that monitoring activities within the
procedure of construction practices.
 Robotics in concrete works: Automation in construction practices also found the way to
focus to mixing. As control system and robotics are related to mix concrete, polish floors,
eliminate surface water, lay the cement and many more. All these help company to
successfully prepare as well as precast or ready mixed concrete products. Along with this,
automation in construction practices may reduce consumption of material and at the same
time also eliminate human error. Another benefit of automation is to concrete floor
polishing. Basically, programmable machine is also used to polish soft area in context to
both commercial and residential structure. This can be assist in avoiding issues
surrounding the site or work zone. Demolition robots are also being effective to bring
down walls and at the same time also make safer working environment for workers also
to improve their productivity level in construction practices that reduce the error in
processing of project activities.
 IoT Sensors to collect and process data:
 Virtual Reality during project planning and training:
https://www.buildsoft.com.au/blog/5-examples-of-automation-in-construction
Impact of automation for reducing cost and increasing safety factors in construction
How automation can increase safety in construction sector- More than decades ago &
varying by country up to 50% of all fatalities in work related accidents are occurred in
construction sectors. It is reality that construction site accidents occur significantly more than in
any other sectors. One of the key reason for accidents in construction site are; unsafe work
environment & human mistakes. Fortunately, advancement in technology have made
construction safety management easier & more effective. Here are some ways automation can
help workplace.

Using Drones for site inspections. Managing large construction sites sometimes are
difficult task to handle as these sites pose danger to human. Using unarmed vehicles known as
drones; evolving from military applications drones play important role in improving construction
site safety. Equipped with infrared cameras & laser based finders are used to monitor the large
construction sites. Drones eliminates the human inspections in unsafe or risky location & provide
quicker inspections of these locations through cameras. Drones can also help in real time
monitoring to check employee or worker’s productivity & safety.
Conducting safe training through Virtual Reality. One of the best way to eliminate the
accidents & injuries is through regular safety training. A lot o0f construction hazards can avoid
through proper training to employees. In virtual reality training employees are put through
realistic scenarios that they can experience at the actual construction sites. Virtual reality
technology removes the traditional way of training & give better exposer to safety, experience of
construction site.
Automated construction & cost benefit. Automation is the best way in construction
industry to reduce the huge cost involvement in construction industry. Automation not only
improve the work efficiency but also reduce cost. Here are two ways through automation in
construction industry lower the administration & construction expenses:
Less Manpower: Automated construction lead to less employing of manpower, which
reduces the labour costs. Advancement in technology rapidly replacing human with machinery.
This replacement benefits the construction organisation in less using of funds in hiring of
manpower & reduce the working time to do a particular venture.
Less wastage: Automated construction produce less waste because technologies help in
minimize the wastage by achieving optimum utilization of resources. The technologies are
designed in such a way to perform any particular tasks, there is least chance of any mistakes or
wastage of material. In these way automated construction techniques will save costs.

Recommendations
In construction industry, it is critical crucial to access have appropriate knowledge about
business activities which are being carried out. In business and research, various types of
improvements are needed for delivering of positive output. Without making improvements it is
difficult to deliver positive output & enhance effectiveness of work. Also,
By properly considering these improvements area results in achieving of better output.
It is duty of individual to focus on these improvements which are given as follows-
With this flexible market, it is crucial to be aware about competitors rivalry so that
automation is being used accordingly with proper considerations. So, an appropriate market
research is needed to be conducted which helps in achieving of goals.
Further, it is also recommended that proper implementation of strategies is to be done
on basis of which it become easy to use resources & ideas in most effective manner. This assist
in gaining advantage in market sector.
Prior of using automation tools, it is essential for business organisation that they need to
have relevant field knowledge which automaton tools or technique is suitable for completion of
work. As there are various types of automation such as programmable, fixed & flexible. It
depends upon needs & requirements of individual to use most appropriate one.
Furthermore, proper analysis is required to be made about when carrying out research so
that it help in accomplishing of positive results. It is crucial to focus on research philosophy
which will help in accessing to credentials in correct way.
Then, when collecting of information is carried out, proper sources are needed to be used
for example- secondary sources has been used within this proposed research. This is because it
enhances the reliability of research projects effectively.
It is also recommended that appropriate type of decision making is needed to be done as
it help in elimination of risks within field. This will results in enhancing of using data
appropriately.
Therefore, above explained recommendations shows that it is crucial to focus on these
suggestions which have been provided as it will help in carrying out decisions effectively.
Further, it is evaluated that correct analysis is required to made through research methods are
adopted easily.
27

CONCLUSION
After a brief analysis of above report, it has been examined that it is crucial to focus on
change within marketplace to gain competitive benefits. A research involves various types of
tasks, & sources on basis of which final output is achieved. It is stated that discussions have
been made about impact of automation & robotics within construction industry & on humans. In
market sector, way of doing business changing which gives rise to use of technology in
business. An entrepreneur need to be aware about these challenges, opportunities which can
occurred within research or business so that it is easy to make decisions in effective manner.
Automation as well as robotics technology has increased their importance in construction sites
due to increasing demand & supply of resources. Comparing it with humans, they deliver work
output in positive manner & within time interval. Moreover, discussions have been made about
concept of automation, impact on humans, literature review, research methodology. In market
place, level of technology is developing with more innovative ideas & strategies. It leads to use
of advanced tools, techniques, software, hardware etc. This also makes it necessary for
businesses to use them with proper considerations.
28

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