Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy: Conducting Qualitative Interview and Thematic Analysis

This report discusses the factors that affect entrepreneurial self-efficacy and provides insights gained from a qualitative interview and thematic analysis. It covers the antecedents of self-efficacy at individual, firm, and macro levels, and highlights the importance of risk-taking, work experience, training, passion, and personality characteristics. The report also discusses the challenges faced by entrepreneurs and provides reflections on the interview and analysis process.

BA5004 Business Research
Methods

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ESSAY FORMAT...........................................................................................................................1
Introduction............................................................................................................................1
Rationale.................................................................................................................................1
Explaining the procedure of data analysis..............................................................................1
Providing the findings of data analysis..................................................................................2
Providing reflection on the process of interviewing and analysis.........................................2
STAGE ONE...................................................................................................................................3
STAGE THREE...............................................................................................................................5
STAGE FOUR.................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................12
Transcript..............................................................................................................................12

ESSAY FORMAT
Introduction
Entrepreneurial refers to the ability of an individual who is able o take risk from gaining
the profitability by starting the business process. In the current era, it is important for the
entrepreneurial to give emphasis on developing belief in himself to achieve various
entrepreneurial task. The entrepreneurial self-efficacy affects career choice and development of
an individual. It is important for the entrepreneurial to have the self-efficacy so that attaining the
predetermined objectives in turn accomplishing capabilities to launch out business in effective
manner can become possible. There are various issues which are basically faced by the
entrepreneurial due to the absence of antecedents such as openness, extroversion, work
experience, presence of mentors, etc. These all influence the self-efficacy of an entrepreneurial
in negative manner and affect the decision-making procedure of managing & controlling of
operation. The current report will pay attention on having the conducting of interview for
ensuring that what are strengthening and lacking areas that affect their way of working. The
choice of question got influenced by the requirement of capabilities for gaining success so that
lacking areas can be identified for making improvement to boost self-efficacy.
Rationale
The main reason behind conducting the research regarding the entrepreneurial self
efficacy is to get the information related with the factors that has impact on way of carrying
forward the transaction. This will be conducted by using the qualitative research which can
provide assistance in gaining the details regarding theoretical foundations, measurement,
antecedents and outcomes. Entrepreneurial self efficacy evaluation with the qualitative interview
provides the ability to get the insights about the crucial aspects that affects and enables to
overcome the challenges (Snyder, 2019.). Structured qualitative interview is selected as permits
to obtain the reliable, relevant and specific details in accurate format in turn information for
drawing corrective findings can become possible. Thematic analysis is helpful in interpreting the
data in precise manner which aids in identifying the prevailing lacking areas affecting
performance.
Explaining the procedure of data analysis
It is one of the crucial part that is helpful in getting the findings of the collected data
through the interview conducted. Thematic analysis has been used which is helpful in
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developing themes referring response gathered through interview. The supporting of findings
with literature review so that appropriate understanding accomplishing reliable outcomes.
Formulating the themes on the basis o the collected response is largely helpful in attaining the
better formulation of the study (Pandey and Pandey, 2021.). The procedure for the data analysis
is referring the information obtained by focusing on the theme to draw conclusion in tun better
approach for interpreting the details to achieve results to have reliable resulted. The analysis has
been done in the same sequence the interview conducted to understand crucial aspects of
phenomenon that has been depicted by participants.The other reason for the utilization of
thematic analysis is to obtain flexibility in interpreting data with having significant pattern.
Providing the findings of data analysis
From the findings it can be interpreted that risk taking & innovativeness are skills for
which entrepreneurship is chosen. First entrepreneur from the family has any influence on your
self efficacy. Course of action for motivation to uplift entrepreneur self efficacy is training and
educational practice and gaining work experience. Entrepreneurial passion and personality
characteristics is important for Self efficacy. Individual and firm antecedent such as working
experience & culture building respectively that are helpful for achieving the objective of gaining
success. The crucial challenges are rise of stress and anxiety that are faced by your to maintain
the higher self efficacy. Way to deal with these challenges to uplift your self efficacy. Inherent
attractiveness and ESE has provided assistance to become such successful entrepreneur. Role
model and mentor for gaining success in current era is crucial. On the basis of this it can be
clearly specified that self efficacy get affected from the number of the aspects which are
required to be taken into the consideration for having successful processing in turn
accomplishing the objective of being successful entrepreneur can become possible. This data
analysis is providing depth understanding about the self efficacy.
Providing reflection on the process of interviewing and analysis
From the overall project it can be specified that there are distinct form of the steps which
are taken for completion. The major issue is found by me in the conducting of interview by
convincing selected entrepreneur to take some time and share details. From the analysis it can be
said that I have e given emphasis on having accurate evaluation of the collected data by using
the thematic analysis technique in which wads time-consuming procedure. The quality of data is
highly maintained in respect to conduct the study. These limitations have been solved by
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contacting frequently with entrepreneur and having appropriate focus respectively. The ethical
course of action which is taken into the consideration includes having reliable consent from the
entrepreneur in order to show the willingness. In addition to this, using reliable and relevant use
of references for supporting the data analysis in order to get the appropriate validity and
reliability of data. I have followed these ethical consideration in order to get the appropriate
information in turn accomplishing the goal of having reliable study has become possible.
STAGE ONE
Entrepreneur Self Efficacy (ESE) possessing distinct form of the antecedents that has
been defined at the individual, firm and macro levels. The crucial aspects that helps in having
the significant information that is helpful in gaining the insights of the factor which foster
entrepreneur self efficacy which is helpful in accomplishing the organizational objectives. There
are different kinds of the self efficacy which are required to be taken into the consideration for
gaining the appropriate insights in turn significant and reliable understanding can be achieved.
Work experience is concerned with the factor helps in gaining the reliable ESE in prior work
leadership experience that tend to provide the insight for attaining the opportunities for
mastering experience. It is identified that quality of work experience is highly crucial
irrespective of length in turn attaining the higher productive results. Training and education is
related with enhancing the experience of the students to get the effective knowledge which can
promote the students' idea and quality relate with business activities.
On the other side, it is depicted that education and training helps in gaining the reliable
opportunity to achieve the objective of observing role models in turn having appropriate
information can become m possible. There are different types of the action which are basically
taken to enhance ESC factor which includes providing feedback for the conducted assessment
of students in turn accomplishing the objective of having higher profitability. This particular
factor helps the individuals to get the ability to ensure that how effectively they can keep
themselves motivated for eliminating irrelevant aspects which can affect the decision-making
procedure as being an entrepreneur. It is as well identified that having the reliable information
through the social cognitive theory gaining the higher knowledge. Such type of the training
program can provide the assistance in achieving the information which can promote ESE in turn
greater performance aspects can be derived. This can be largely obtained in the people who not
possessing any entrepreneur in their family. On the basis of this, it can be identified that the
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issue so that can affect the ESE includes not having competence, etc which affect their
entrepreneur self efficacy,
Individual differences is due to gender as it is articulated that males have higher level of
ESE. In addition to this, it is stated that there is lower level of self efficacy in entrepreneur by
conducting their significant level of differences which affect their efficiency of conducting the
operational practice. This is recognized that there is stereotype which articulates that female is
depended on male for gaining the higher growth in the industry. It is identified that there are
different kinds of the factor that creates the individual differences which involves risk taking
preferences, personal features, cognitive style, etc and has the influence on the ESE. The
problem recognized is that identification of corrective risk preferences, application of style, etc
so that accomplishment of objective of higher profitability & sustainability can be derived. On
the basis this it can be specified that individual ties up with family & friends, positive
monitoring scheme, engagement in counterfactual thinking, comparing actual events as
compared to the experiences, etc. It is recognized that pull entrepreneurship defined to the extent
in which person finds the particular career attractive and ESE. There is as well relationship
between ESE due to financial constraint faced by the entrepreneur.
Firm and micro level antecedents that there are distinct elements such vicarious
learning, social persuasion, psychological statement,entrepreneurial passion, personality
characteristics, etc affect the motivation & behavior. There are distinct type pf the factor which
are comprised at the level of firm and macro antecedents that involves firm characteristics and
culture & institutional environment that has the impact on the individual self efficacy. There are
various aspects which are required to be emphasized in order to get the appropriate details
regarding how ESE get affected.
Firm features helps in gaining the significant information regarding the characteristics
of organization and ESC of the entrepreneurs. There are distinct type of the strategies are used to
formulate the particular format of strategic orientation and culture which are favorably affected
decisions. There are distinct form of the decisions which are made in respect to get the
appropriate functioning of the firm that has impact on individual ESE. In addition to this, there
are different types of the aspects which have the influence on gaining ability of opportunities h
for inactive mastery. The one of the crucial challenge that can be evaluated that having positive
form of relationship between marketing capabilities and the ESE of individual. There is
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requirement of paying attention on having the significant decision-making procedure which is
regarding more comprehensiveness, etc. On the basis of this it can be identified that having the
reliable judgment regarding the psychological state in turn accomplishing the objective of
having favorable influence.
There is cultural & institutional environment that has provided the assistance in gaining
the information that how effectively the firm is getting affected from the different types of the
aspects like having performance based cultural norms & social environment are related to the
individuals ESE. This helps in gaining the reliable information that how the antecedents of both
individual & firm and macro level in turn accomplishing relevant insights can become possible.
STAGE THREE
Theme 1:
From the evaluation it can be specified that main reason for being an entrepreneur is that
there is having the ability of the risk taking and innovativeness. It can be sported by referring the
statement of Newman and et.al., (2019) that there are distinct form of the skills and tactics that
promote the decision of being entrepreneur. This includes having ability to take risk so that
accomplishing the organizational objective of taking crucial actions such as launching products,
innovativeness implementation, etc. On the basis of this, it can be articulated that these skills
helps in becoming an entrepreneur.
Theme 2:
On the basis of conducted interview it is identified that being the first entrepreneur in the
family and absence of required experience affect the self efficacy in negative manner. This can
be justified by Neneh (2022) there are various factors which has the impact on the self efficacy
of entrepreneur. The one of the crucial reason that is identified is that family guidance and
support is highly important. Taking differentiation action has the major influence in the negative
manner that affect the decision-making procedure due to the self efficacy,
Theme 3:
Training and educational practice and gaining work experience are the two crucial
aspects that are required to be taken into the consideration as helps in motivation gaining to
uplift entrepreneur efficacy. This can validate by looking at the views of Li and et.al., (2020)
that in order to be the successful entrepreneur it is highly important for the entrepreneur to
indulged into the training & development programs. It offers the basis knowledge which is
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required for having the competency in achieving success. This can enable the entrepreneur to
have reliable analytical approach for evaluating crucial aspects so that suitable action for
improvement can be applied.
Theme 4
Entrepreneurial passion, and personality characteristics is important for having the self
efficacy. It helps in gaining the reliable elev of confidence in turn accomplishing the objective of
higher efficiency in order to conduct the actions. This can be validated by looking at views of
Burnette and et.al., (2020) there are distinct form of the aspects which are required to be
possessed for being successful entrepreneur. Entrepreneurial passion is related with having the
reliable interest in the work which is basically exerted for accomplishing the objective of gaining
success. Personality characteristics are highly crucial for gaining the appropriate feasibility in
conducting the actions as the entrepreneur.
Theme 5:
From the evaluation, it can be specified that there are distinct individual and firm level
antecedents which are helpful in accomplishing the success. This includes having significant
work experience that is found to be at individual level and at macro extent the crucial
antecedent is building the positive culture so that reliable impact on attaining the objective can
become possible. It can be justified by paying attention on the views of Santos and Liguori
(2019) that antecedents are crucial for gaining the success in turn accomplishing the
organizational objective in turn having reliable success via ensuring that working experience and
culture building can be achieved. It is largely important to giving focus on having the effective
culture so that proper motivating and optimizing resources helps in gaining success.
Theme 6
The crucial challenge that is identified from the conducted interview includes rise of
stress and anxiety in respect to manage & mitigate threats. The reason identified is that
entrepreneur in certain situations become unable to manage in turn affect effectiveness of firm
which result in negative self efficacy. It can be justified via looking at the views of Elnadi and
Gheith (2021). there are distinct form of the challenges that has the impact on self efficacy level.
It includes stress and anxiety which rise due to the complications has adverse level o impact on
the working of the entrepreneur.
Theme 7:
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In order to become successful, it is important to give emphasis on overcoming the
prevailing complications in turn accomplishing the objective such as being successful
entrepreneur can become possible. From the interview it can be identified that having
educational learning and listening to motivational speech can provide the ability to overcome the
challenge in respect to have the self efficacy uplifting capacity. In the views of Ruiz-Dotras and
Lladós-Masllorens (2022) there are various methods that can be taken into consideration for
overcoming challenges that involves having educational learning and motivational speech. This
can help in enhancing the morale and self efficacy in turn attaining success can become possible,
Theme 8:
From the interview it can be specified that inherent attractiveness and ESE helps in
becoming successful entrepreneur. This can be justified by looking at the opinion of Srimulyani
and Hermanto (2021) that there are various success providing factors it is important for the firm
to focus on gaining the inherent attractiveness & possessing of ESE helps a lot in meeting the
objective of achieving success. This allows to derive the aspects so that majorly play role in
affecting the success as being an entrepreneur.
Theme 9:
Role model and mentor for achieving success is important in the current time for
accomplishing success. It can be justified by referring the views of Murad and et.al., (2022) that
role model & mentor guidance offers the insight to move towards success. The reason behind
this is to get the higher ability to lead towards success can be derived.
STAGE FOUR
Gibbs reflective cycle is concerned with six stage such as the description, feelings,
evaluation, analysis, conclusion and the action plan (Gibbs' Reflective Cycle, 2022). The
particular model helps in gaining the appropriate ability to describe the information regarding
the particular subject matter in effective manner. Entrepreneurial self efficacy is concerned with
assessing the belief in self bout the capabilities to accomplish the business process in effective
manner. I have conducted the systematic review of the article regarding self efficacy that has
helped me to get the theoretical knowledge regarding the measurement, antecedents and
outcomes. The second stage is related with the conducting a qualitative be interview addressing
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the main concepts included in article. In the third stage, conducting the analysis by using
thematic test technique to interpret the data in precise manner.
I have felt that there are various crucial areas that are required to be focused while
conducting systematic review. In my opinion it has given me the specialized and depth
understanding about the entrepreneurial self efficacy which tend to give the emphasis regarding
the crucial tactics that are needed to be developed in the current era that meeting the competitive
position can become possible. Conducing interview was the one of the difficult as I have felt that
understanding the opinion and views in corrective manner is highly crucial for reaching end
outcome. The mentioned task has allowed me to get the practical exposure so that understanding
the relevant & non crucial aspects required to be considered for making the significant study.
The crucial issues that has been identified involves coordinating with changing circumstances,
communicating effectively, recognizing the lacking ares and overcoming in short term, etc.
Analysis part has allowed to get the appropriate information through evaluating the collected
data from which I came to know that considering all the parts are highly essential for drawing th
corrective conclusion to make report reliable and effective.
From the evaluation stage, I have come to know that there are various aspects which has
affected my ability to conduct the task. In order to execute the systematic review it is important
to provide the focus on all the parts of the article to get the overall picture of the study. It is the
time-consuming procedure as focusing on the detail has become possible due to the availability
of higher level of patience in me. Research analytical skill provided assistance to me to identify
the major aspects of article so that significant formulation of the report has become possible. In
the interview conducting, effective communication has aided in sharing the crucial information
with the participants so that precise understanding to them given. I have become possible to gain
trustworthiness from the respondents which has allowed to get the major aspects in turn
significant study accomplishing conducted. The critical thinking and problem solving approach
of mine has given the ability to ensue that roper evaluation from issues identification can be
conducted. With help of these skills attaining the conducting of project in pope manner has
become possible.
With help of the conducted analysis, it can be interpreted that there are few lacking
areas which are required to be emphasized by me as these have impacted my performance. The
lacking areas that has influenced my ability to complete the 3 stages of the projects involve
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ineffective time management, appropriate organizing & handling of data and adaptability, etc.
the lack of time managements has resulted in inappropriate ability to accomplish the objective of
completing the report by meeting deadline. The main reason behind this is having improper
organizing skill which has affected the arranging and managing the content (Nayak and Singh,
2021). This has adversely resulted in managing the study. The data management is found to be
low in me as there is absence of numerical understanding that has affected my ability to conduct
the analysis part of the particular research. Thee skills are required to be improved in respect to
get the significant ability to maintain competitiveness in turn meeting career objective by
possessing these attributes.
It can be concluded that entrepreneurial self efficacy is important in respect to get the
competitiveness in the industry. I have successfully accomplished the task of completing the
systematic review regarding the provided article. This has become possible due to the proper
questions formulation so that accomplishing the task in higher precise and efficient manner. In
addition to this, interview conducting has allowed me to get the depth understanding of
entrepreneurial self efficacy in turn greater competitiveness to build study exerted. Data analysis
with help of thematic technique provided assistance in covering the overall procedure of
information interpretation in most effective pattern. There are the strengthening areas that has
supported to meet these all requirements and overcoming the lacking areas with implementing
action plan.
For ineffective time management improvement I will pay attention on participating the
case based activities and management games can provide assistance in offering the reliable
modification. These can allow to ensure that proper division of time as per the requirement can
be conducted by me. Appropriate organizing can be improved by executing the approach of
identifying the crucial activities so that prioritizing task in most efficient manner can be done.
Handling of data can be properly managed by using the technological tools such as excel, etc. so
learning these tools with tutorial, self practicing, etc can aid in gaining adaptability. These can
allow to conduct the further study in more effective manner via suing these mentioned attributes.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Al-Ghazali, B.M. and Afsar, B., 2021. Narcissism and entrepreneurial intentions: the roles of
entrepreneurial self-efficacy and environmental complexity. The Journal of High
Technology Management Research. 32(1). p.100395.
Burnette, J.L and et.al.,2020. A growth mindset intervention: Enhancing students’
entrepreneurial self-efficacy and career development. Entrepreneurship Theory and
Practice. 44(5). s pp.878-908.
Elnadi, M. and Gheith, M.H., 2021. Entrepreneurial ecosystem, entrepreneurial self-efficacy,
and entrepreneurial intention in higher education: Evidence from Saudi Arabia. The
International Journal of Management Education. 19(1). p.100458.
Gill, S.A., Bencheva, N., Karayel, S. and Usman, M., 2021. Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy
moderate effects of cognitive flexibility and entrepreneurial alertness on
entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review. 9(3).
pp.25-41.
Li, C. and et.al., 2020. Entrepreneurial passion to entrepreneurial behavior: Role of
entrepreneurial alertness, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and proactive
personality. Frontiers in psychology. 11. p.1611.
Murad, M. and et.al., 2022. Entrepreneurial social identities and nascent entrepreneurial
behaviour: Mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Entrepreneurial Business
and Economics Review. 10(1). pp.129-143.
Nayak, J.K. and Singh, P., 2021. Fundamentals of research methodology problems and
prospects. SSDN Publishers & Distributors.
Neneh, B.N., 2022. Entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial intention: the role of social
support and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Studies in Higher Educatio. 47(3). pp.587-
603.
Newman, A and et.al., 2019. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature
on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda
for future research. Journal of vocational behavior. 110. pp.403-419.
Online
Pandey, P. and Pandey, M.M., 2021. Research methodology tools and techniques. Bridge
Center.
Ruiz-Dotras, E. and Lladós-Masllorens, J., 2022. Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy and Financial and
Calculation Skills Can Shape Different Profiles of Venture Intentions. The Journal of
Entrepreneurship. p.09713557211069319.
Santos, S.C. and Liguori, E.W., 2019. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions: Outcome
expectations as mediator and subjective norms as moderator. International Journal of
Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research.
Snyder, H., 2019. Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and
guidelines. Journal of business research, 104, pp.333-339
Srimulyani, V.A. and Hermanto, Y.B., 2021. Impact of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and
Entrepreneurial Motivation on Micro and Small Business Success for Food and
Beverage Sector in East Java, Indonesia. Economies, 10(1), p.10.
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Gibbs' Reflective Cycle. 2022. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.ed.ac.uk/reflection/reflectors-toolkit/reflecting-on-experience/gibbs-
reflective-cycle>
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APPENDIX
Transcript
1. Interviewer: What is the reason for which You have chosen to become an entrepreneur?
Interviewee: I think that one of the crucial reason that has helped me to become an entrepreneur
is to accomplish the objective related with using my innovativeness and risk taking ability. In
my family all are job holders, and I am the first entrepreneur which has inclined my motivation
to do something different.
2. Interviewer: How being a first entrepreneur from the family has any influence on your self
efficacy?
Interviewee: it was very difficult for me to make choice between entrepreneur and job holder.
As in my family everyone supported to opt for job for gaining security of income in fixed
pattern that has raised several questions in my mind. This has negatively affected my decision of
being an entrepreneur previously as there were absence significant experience.
3. Interviewer: Which course of action has given you motivation to uplift your entrepreneur self
efficacy?
Interviewee: In my opinion having the crucial knowledge regarding the entrepreneurship is
highly important in order to get the crucial details for understanding the distinct theories, type of
styles, effects of risk taking, etc can be understood. For this purpose I have indulged into the
training & educational program which has enabled me to get the corrective details in turn taking
any crucial action has become possible for me. I have learned from the internship program as
well which has helped me to get the working experience.
4. Interviewer: Do you think that entrepreneurial passion and personality characteristics is
important for Self efficacy?
Interviewee: Yes, I largely think that there is higher level of influence of having entrepreneurial
passion and personality characteristics are important. The reason behind this is to know the
crucial aspects by evaluating different factors so that confidence can be derived to effectively
and efficiently in meeting the objective of being successful entrepreneur. Such level of
personality feature has the positive influence on the self efficacy and allows getting greater
productivity.
5. Interviewer: What are your individual and firm antecedents that are helpful for you to
achieve the objective of gaining success?
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Interviewee: the one of the significant antecedents that is helpful for me to get the success
includes having significant work experience gained from internship. At the firm and macro
level the greater emphasis is provided on building reliable culture so that favorable influence on
organizational objective has become possible.
6. Interviewer: Which are the crucial challenges that are faced by your to maintain the higher
self efficacy?
Interviewee: Working as entrepreneur provides greater level of stress and anxiety in respect to
manage & mitigate risk. The motivation level due to being stressed is sometime unmanageable
that affect the working procedure. It has affected my self efficacy level in adverse manner.
7. Interviewer: How you deal with these challenges to uplift your self efficacy?
Interviewee: Educational learning and motivational speech are usually taken into consider by
me for this purpose.
8. Interviewer: Do you think that inherent attractiveness and ESE has provided assistance to
you become such successful entrepreneur?
Interviewee: Yes, I definitely agree with this that these are my success factors.
9. Interviewer: in your opinion having role model and mentor for gaining success in current era
is crucial?
Interviewee: Yes I absolutely agree that gaining corrective guidance is crucial in current time to
get success.
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