Wind Energy Integration and Management

This assignment delves into the complexities of integrating wind energy into existing power grids. It examines various technologies used for converting wind power into usable electricity, focusing on offshore and onshore systems. The analysis extends to energy storage solutions, such as battery-supercapacitor combinations, and explores their role in mitigating intermittency issues. The assignment further investigates the management aspects of wind energy, including leadership, policy frameworks (like Feed-in Tariffs), and the impact of sustainable practices on supply chains within the oil and gas industry. Real-world examples and case studies are likely to be incorporated to illustrate these concepts.

Environment management
and sustainability
development
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1...................................................................................................................................................3
2...................................................................................................................................................4
3. .................................................................................................................................................5
4. .................................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
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INTRODUCTION
Environment management is the broad concept which supports to understand the
structure and function of the earth. It defines the relation and impact on human being of effective
management. It monitors the activities of earth and predict future changes so that adverse effects
of surrounding can be minimized (Aasetre and Vik, 2013). Fundamentally it is related with the
political activities because all important decision related to pollution, resources, ecosystem are
taken by political parties. Climate change and global warming are two main issues now days,
present report will discuss upon this problem in broad way. Assignment will illustrate the
positive and negative aspects of renewable energy system along with this, it will also provide
certain recommendations for attaining the sustainability development by the UK government.
1.
Climate change and global warming are burning issues. These adversely impact on the
planet, possible issues related to this are as increasing temperature. It is one of the major reason
of increasing global warming is high temperature. According to the report of National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, it has reached to the about 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit. NOAA
records show that 2014 was the hottest year (Özkır and Başlıgil, 2013). It affected the animals
and human being to great extent. This rising temperature is the main reason of climate change
and global warming, due to this many countries are facing extreme heat whereas in other
location, there is extreme cool environment. Which results into earthquake, storms and bad
weathers.
According to (Daft and Marcic, 2016) Changing landscapes and extreme weather events
is another issue is related to this. Global warming affects the growth of plants and landscapes
shifted. Changes in the environmental climate impact on the jet stream which results as in some
places there is sudden cold snap (Grohar-Murray, DiCroce and Langan, 2016). Environmental
protection Agency states that due to high level of greenhouse gases, continuously climate is
remaining high, in some place it resulted poor weather conditions. Rainfall is the common result
of this. Green house gases are occurred due to human activities which impact on the climate and
increase the temperature of the earth. Which adversely affect the life of animals and plants.
Drastic increment in emission of CO2 is the another issue of global warming and climate
change. According to the view of (Niyato, Lu and Wang, 2012) it is said that UK is the popular
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country and has many industries. Due to this pollution in the nation is increasing and quantity of
CO2 is increasing rapidly. Strong green house effect increase the sea level of oceans and this
cause the situation of flood, storms etc. Combustion of fossil fuels in cars and factories impact
negatively on environment. Which increase carbon dioxide in the surrounding. This reduces the
growth of plants thus quantity of oxygen get down which results negatively on the environment.
Global sea level has been risen approx 8 inches since 1870 (Daft and Marcic, 2016).
According to the view of (Niyato, Lu and Wang, 2012)the most common effect of global
warming is reduction in Arctic sea ice. In the report of IPCC it has found that it is happened due
to the human activities, increasing industrialization are the main reason of it. It increases sea
levels which adversely impact on the river plants and animals (Gustavo, 2013).
2.
The renewable obligation is the designed certificate which is necessary to take by each
industry which is using power in access. It encourages the generation of electricity through
renewable resources so that natural sources can be preserved. It provides licence to electricity
suppliers. The obligations set by the department for business energy and industrial strategy
(BEIS) annully. Members predict amount of electricity supply in future and according to their
forecasting they issue certificates to industries (Feed-in Tariffs, 2015). In the year of 2015-2016
buy out price per ROC is £44.33, obligation level for England is 0.29 and for Ireland is 0.119. To
increase the use of renewable energy RO provides incentives to such suppliers those who
generated large scale of renewable electricity. Feed-in Tariffs scheme has been launched by UK
government to support this ROC. Suppliers made payment into a buy fund. If there is access of
production then prices will get down. Prices of buy-out fund can be reached to zero if cost of
renewable and non renewable are similar (Causes of Global Warming, 2016). Role of OFGEM is
to maintain register of ROCs. It functions is to calculate the buy-out price properly, receive late
payments and after that this body redistribute the repayment funds. To get the certificate
organizations are needed to generate electricity from several sources such as Biogas, biomass,
hydro electricity, landfill gas etc. Aim of the body is to obtain 15% of energy from the renewable
sources by the end of 2020. This will support to make great change in the surrounding of UK
nation.
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As a consultant of renewable energy, individual is required to focus on ROC, as it is a
Green certificate which is issued by OFGEM (Feed-in Tariffs, 2015). As this body work for
generating biomass, wind power, hydro electricity etc. Through this certificate it controls over
the activity of oil and gas industry. In UK there are many oil industries which increase pollution
in the environment with their production. Government has fixed amount of penalties if any
supplier break the rules of the ROC (Bozarth and Handfield, 2016). For instance ROC has
punished the npower company which is operating in the oil and gas sector with amount of
£125,000. As npower has made mistake to report to Feed-in-Tariff. Government is providing
financial support to this body. The motive of promoting REOC is to preserve the natural resource
so that glo9bal warming, pollution, climate changes etc. such issues can be minimized. UK
government has offered the ROC the fiscal and monitory support so that it can be developed and
adverse effects of bad environment can be reduced (Causes of Global Warming, 2016).
3.
In order to reduce the greenhouse gas or immense use of the water resources and land
resources UK government has supported the renewable energy system that is wind power
through which turbine uses the air flow for generating the electricity. It is an effective measure
or alternative energy system to the fossil fuels that support in conserving the environment. It has
been evaluated that in the year 2014 the capacity of global wind power increases 16% that is to
369,553 MW. For sourcing the energy UK government has focused on both Onshore and
Offshore wind farms. In this renewable energy system there are different wind farms that
consists of different connected wind turbine that outcome in generating the electricity at the
cheaper rate than the electrical plant. As per the view of Heier (2014) wind power is also
consider as the clean source that is relied or trust for attaining the long term future. This
renewable energy system mainly support in creating cost effective as well as pollution free
energy that support the industries in performing their operation. It is also stated that wind energy
system is consider as rich source of energy that generates the power or electricity without using
fossil fuels or generating radioactive toxic materiel.
Therefore, using this renewable source of energy system has both positive as well as
negative aspect for the economy and companies. The foremost positive aspect of the wind
energy system include that it is consider as the on the green source of energy that conserve the
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natural resources and do not cause the situation of pollution in the region. According to Díaz-
González, Sumper and Villafáfila-Robles (2012) installation of wind turbine or system in the
manufacturing process as well as transportation it positively contributes in lowering the situation
of global warming in the region. On the contrary to this, Wu and et.al (2011) has also stated that
it might also have negative impact that is it may results as the key threat to the wildlife. The
flying fauna that is birds can directly get hit from the rotating wind turbine that lead to the death
of several birds therefore, it impact the wildlife. For instance, in US the number of wind turbine
increases up to 440,000 therefore it may outcome in killing up to 976 million of the bird species
(Wind Energy Pros and Cons, 2015).
According to Li, Joós and Bélanger (2010) another benefit of wind turbine energy system
is that it termed as the good domestic potential that support the residential in saving the
expenditures related with the energy. With the wind turbine system individual can easily
generate their own electricity with the help of solar panels. On the other hand, the negative
impact of wind power include that air flow is not constant it varies the force or speed of flow.
Therefore, it is said that enforcing wind power so not produce the same amount or volume of
electricity. The volume or quantity of producing electricity may varies in the situation sometime
it may also not result in not producing the electricity.
4.
In order to ensure environmental management as well as sustainable development UK
government has focused on implementing different energy schemes that support in protecting
and conserving the environment (Pollitt, 2010). The key energy scheme that is framed by the UK
government include The CRC Energy Efficiency Schemes that is termed as mandatory for all the
large organization to ensure this carbon emission scheme within the UK so that they may not
affect the environmental aspect with increasing rate of carbon emission. The key purpose of
implementing this scheme is to cut down the rate of carbon emission by 1.2 million tons by the
year 2020.
Therefore, this UK energy scheme will directly benefit the oil and gas company to
engage in the activities that will support in lowering the rate of carbon emission and it also
support in attaining the sustainability aspect within the region. Another benefit of using this
energy scheme is that it support the oil and gas company to enhance their positioning for
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attaining maximum saving with reducing the number of emission (Yusuf and et.al., 2013).
Further, it also benefit in gaining opportunity to enhance the growth and attaining reputation of
the business within the UK region. Another benefit of this UK energy schemes for the oil and
gas organization is that it avoid the penalty charges from the government as well as it also
outcome in improving and amending the energy efficiency.
In order to tackle the identified issues related with the global warming as well as
engaging in the sustainable development through reducing the carbon emission the
recommendation for UK government include implementing Kyoto Protocol. It is an international
agreement that is connected with the United Nations Framework Convention in which the
member states are bid to engage in the activities so that they can easily accomplish the reduction
in the carbon emission rates. Along with this, Kyoto Protocol also plays vital role in the
changing the climate so that they can overcome the environmental issue and support the region
in attaining the sustainability. Furthermore, the key objective of implementing the international
protocol include stabilization within the atmosphere so that it may attain the emission targets.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is summarizes that with the scarcity of natural resources
organization are require to engage in the environmental practices and activities that outcome in
attaining the ratio of sustainability. Along with this, the report has also concluded different issues
that outcome in the situation of global warming as well as change in the climate it mainly
include increase in the rate of carbon emission with the increasing sea levels due to change in the
temperature level etc. further it also provide an insight knowledge regarding the UK renewable
energy scheme that is Wind power scheme that support in generating the electricity. The positive
and negative aspect of the energy scheme that is used by the UK government. Lastly, the report
has also provided certain guidelines and recommendations to the UK government that they can
engage in order to ensure sustainability.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Aasetre, J. and Vik, J., 2013. Framing the environment–Disputes and developments in the
management of Norwegian salmon fjords. Ocean & coastal management. 71. pp.203-212.
Bozarth, C. B. and Handfield, R. B., 2016. Introduction to operations and supply chain
management. Pearson Higher Ed.
Daft, R. and Marcic, D., 2016. Understanding management. Nelson Education.
Díaz-González, F., Sumper, A. and Villafáfila-Robles, R., 2012. A review of energy storage
technologies for wind power applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.
16(4), pp.2154-2171.
Grohar-Murray, M. E., DiCroce, H. R. and Langan, J. C., 2016. Leadership and management in
nursing. Pearson.
Gustavo, N., 2013. Marketing management trends in tourism and hospitality industry: Facing the
21st century environment. International Journal of Marketing Studies. 5(3). pp.13.
Heier, S., 2014. Grid integration of wind energy: onshore and offshore conversion systems. John
Wiley & Sons.
Li, W., Joós, G. and Bélanger, J., 2010. Real-time simulation of a wind turbine generator coupled
with a battery supercapacitor energy storage system. IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics. 57(4). pp.1137-1145.
Niyato, D., Lu, X. and Wang, P., 2012. Adaptive power management for wireless base stations in
a smart grid environment. IEEE Wireless Communications. 19(6). pp.44-51.
Özkır, V. and Başlıgil, H., 2013. Multi-objective optimization of closed-loop supply chains in
uncertain environment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 41. pp.114-125.
Pollitt, M. G., 2010. UK renewable energy policy since privatisation. InHarnessing renewable
energy in electric power systems: Theory, practice, policy. RFF Press.
Wu, B. and et.al., 2011. Power conversion and control of wind energy systems. John Wiley &
Sons.
Yusuf, Y. Y. And et.al., 2013. The UK oil and gas supply chains: An empirical analysis of
adoption of sustainable measures and performance outcomes.International Journal of
Production Economics. 146(2). pp.501-514.
Online
Causes of Global Warming, 2016. [Online] Available through:
<http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/gw-causes/>.
[Accessed on 23rd November 2016].
Feed-in Tariffs, 2015. [Online] Available through:
<http://www.fitariffs.co.uk/faqs/category/12/>. [Accessed on 23rd November 2016].
Wind Energy Pros and Cons. 2015. [Online]. Available through:
<http://energyinformative.org/wind-energy-pros-and-cons/>. [Accessed on 23rd November
2016].
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