Environmental & Stakeholders Management

This document discusses the environmental issues and stakeholder management in construction projects. It explores the challenges faced by the construction sector and provides solutions for environmental conservation. The topics covered include economic and financial factors, technology and resources, political and legal factors, climate issues, physical factors, socio-cultural factors, and public concern. The document also highlights the role of town and country planners in new housing sites.

Environmental &
Stakeholders Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Section II..........................................................................................................................................3
1. Overview of the environmental issues...................................................................................3
2. Detailed report........................................................................................................................6
3. Low Carbon Planning helps to integrate energy efficiency and renewable energy sources
cost effectively into the new development..................................................................................7
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
PART C..........................................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................18
INTRODUCTION
Environmental conservation is a highly complex topic, affecting both humanity and the
ecosystem in a multitude of complicated and nuanced ways. Preservation and environmental
management will be of concern to individuals, both in their own concerns and even in the
benefits of the world nature. Stakeholders are defined as any entity or association who can and

should be influenced by the preparation, actions, outcome and communication of a systemic
analysis or diagram. Stakeholder participation can include many primary advantages to
environmental policy research initiatives, including strengthening the evidential basis for greater
public adoption, increased probability of initiative effectiveness, wider dissemination of results,
and higher likelihood of effect on decision-making (Bawole, 2013). The role of stakeholders in
environmental programs has also been recognized as essential to maintaining their sustainability
and, at the same time, to synthesizing knowledge of what succeeds, when and for whom it offers
significant advantages and obstacles.
Section II
1. Overview of the environmental issues
In present time, as it is observed that site construction is consider to be the main reason
due to which environment gets polluted. However, there have been number of environmental
issues and factors which lead to several problems arising at the time of constructing a specific
site. In terms of a regional approach to environmental and sustainability concerns for the
construction sector, green building ranking structures operate and are utilized globally, like
Leadership in Energy and Climate. All those external factors that have a vast impact on
construction are being determined as the environmental factors which further include each and
everything outside the construction project. Such as climate, material, technology, economy
politics, client etc. Thus it is observed in the present time that less the predictability of
surrounding environment the higher will be the effect on particular building. Some of these are
elaborated underneath:
Economic and financial: Financial limits always seem to exist on building projects due
to which many time a situation arise that construction process slows down or even stop (Burke,
2017). The challenge for any project leader is to insure that perhaps the construction remains
financially sustainable within a variable economy and considering that economic cycles have a
direct effect on the mining industry's operations. They must consider all those national and
international financing factors that can be opted in order to finance the construction of any
building. Before starting any operation of project enough funds must be raised through
convenient option that neither increase the burden nor develop any other financial issue
(Environmental & stakeholders management, 2020).

Technology and resources: In recent time, technology is considered to be one of the
most crucial factors that should be considered in developing strategic plans at the time of
constructing a new development. Moreover, to a build an appropriate building proper resources
are needed such as sufficient raw material, skilled labour etc. which support to finish the work on
time in desired format. Thus, the shortage of technical know-how and the shortage of
administrative expertise were perceived as one of the biggest problems and restrictions facing the
nation. Many time there are situation in which professional team is needed to perform inspection
about the land and location of site. As due to lack of proper skilled person many site miss proper
inspection and evaluation and start construction process which further faces different problems.
Technology has totally advanced the construction work but lack of effective knowledge may
some time lead to major issue which delay the development stage. Likewise, use of Virtual
Reality / Augmented Reality, manager can think about the future structure of a building and this
helps them to prepare plans respectively to reach the desired design. But lack of understanding
and improper training about VR many time create situation in which design are different from
the actual construction. This may further lead to break down of constructed wall or structure as
VR only give the idea about the pattern and size of a wall but actual time requirement are not
shown through this method (Butler, 2015).
Political: The political climate is concerned with national policies and the effect of
political actions on development programs. The main positions performed by the government
throughout the construction sector are mainly contractors, regional economy supervisors, and
building climate supervisors, such as regulations that regulate ethics and construction activities,
among many others. This indicated that policymakers might dramatically increase or decrease
competition for building services via budgetary initiatives and fiscal policies. In its role as
building climate authorities, governance regulates planning and construction permit procedures
and enforces conformity with the Regulations and laws (Durant, Fiorino and O'Leary, 2017).
Legal: Building occurs within the scope of zoning and environmental laws, codes of
conduct, health standards, licenses, tax and insurance legislation. Such rules, codes and
legislation are usually well defined, rendering it easy to forecast their effect on building projects
with fair precision. Laws specifically impacts the practices of the contractor by considerations
such as health, preparation and development laws, as well as effects contractual arrangements
within contracts.

Climate issues: Climate change can influence the building industry across a variety of
biophysical and ecological-economic impacts. Long-term climate changes, such as rising sea
levels, flash flooding or droughts and short-term weather systems, like strong winds and storms,
affect the preference of development locations, design methods, and building materials. Potential
threats of extreme weather and climatic factors often affect schedules for preparation and
execution of projects. Like Temperature rises can have a huge effect on the health of people
utilizing buildings (Farrell, Pfeffer and Bright, 2015). Air-conditioning prices can escalate for
current structures, but for structures that have yet to be constructed, a rise in temperature can
imply tighter laws requiring construction methods and alignment that will help to maintain the
structure cold. Furthermore, Rainfall rises or falls in the tropics can have a direct effect on the
construction of buildings and basements and roofs. It also influences the piping operation in a
newly constructed building. Maybe a drop in precipitation can allow both residential and office
facilities to be linked to a rainwater collection network. As such, increases in precipitation rates
correlated with climate change do have the potential to affect the construction of buildings. In
addition, changes in the occurrence of rainfall will contribute to significant flood incidents in
certain areas of the tropics that can trigger substantial harm to buildings and other facilities. In
fact, environmental factors can have an effect on the transportation of products on site. Increases
in air temperature has the ability to cause moisture and related mould production. Houses can
become moss-covered due to increased relative humidity, so designers may have to find another
way to respond to that in their construction design (Hassan and Ibrahim, 2012).
Physical factors: The environmental setting wherein the building project is built can
have a direct effect on its progress because infrastructure projects are often influenced by
physical factors. The geographical position of the project, local conditions and temperature
cycles were the most important forms of physical factors. These are volatile and because such,
management efforts have not been sufficient to discourage them from happening which leads to
slow building of any site.
Socio cultural factors: The main dimension of socio cultural environment includes
related to the practices, behaviours and beliefs that define society although population dynamics,
increasing rates of schooling, standards and beliefs, vocabulary and behaviours towards social
obligations are indicators of socio-cultural variables. Such factors have the ability to control or
impact institutions working within community (Haynes, 2014).

Public concern: The last several decades saw many stories in virtually every industry
health, the care business, engineering, oil and gas, politics, investment banking, the atmosphere
and more; where extremely significant human, political, cultural and environmental harm is
caused. In too many instances brave citizens have tried to reach out, but were often not
responded to or intentionally ignored, with sometimes disastrous effects both for the persons who
posed concerns and the communities and institutions they were seeking to protect. It has
contributed to several public and private investigations of the origins of the issues and others are
now on-going. The public advises that companies should provide formal protocols addressing the
increasing and treatment of complaints that are simple, widely available, well-publicised and
easy to comprehend. Further than this, organizations will guarantee that there has been sufficient
control of the structures. If an organisation finally placed disclosure systems in place and formed
meaningful monitoring, it is important to check these mechanisms regularly. Technical
limitations usually apply to the procedures used in undertaking construction tasks, which are also
focused on the usability of building techniques which requirements. For instance, when building
a base, the ground must be targeted so construction can actually occur; instead formwork and
stabilization should be installed so foundation is laid. Each task must be completed before the
next can begin; therefore each task acts as a constraint on the next task.
Water pollution may majorly impact the design, structure construction, aftercare and end of
life because this is the most essential source for living. Chemicals may enter reservoirs from
source location or origin point. Point source contamination is caused by leakage from a specific
source, for example with an industrial plant. Pollution from non - point sources includes several
small sources which directly cause sediment load. The flow of rain or drainage water over soil,
for example, absorbs contaminants like fertilizers , herbicides and pesticides and takes them into
dams, streams, wetlands, marine waters or reservoirs. The non-point outlet is the hurricane-water
that gathers on roads and enters streams or lakes finally.
2. Detailed report
There have been number of issues which are faced by construction sectors while making
a new building or site. The truth is that certain problems easily emerge as a building contractor
and can have an effect on the production period or on the expenditure. Below are the growing
problems confronting building workers as well as how to overcome them. Some of the common
issues which their effective solution are discussed underneath:

 Computer Difficulties: One solution that manager should practice is to always back up
vital information to a network drive or server. In case if manager is working for a small
construction company, then they may not have a server, but you can sign up for online
storage that is very affordable. Moreover manager can back up all of your files to this
cloud. That means they are always have access to them even if they are not on companies
personal computer (Imran, Alam and Beaumont, 2014).
 Communication Issues: Computers are not the only form of technology seen on the
work site. If manager have trouble interacting with other staff, then they should make
sure that every site assistance and even other crew member does have a mobile telephone
or other contact tool. Most crew supervisors provide the on-site chief with a laptop that
they will use to capture photos and videos. Use of equipment like this on the work site is
a way to prevent contact interruptions. For instance, site manager can easily take and
submit photos, which help the manager to know whether everything is alright of
something terrible happen there with the help to those pictures. A team leader may
contact manager regarding the current structural damage and they might consider it "not
really too bad." Use email may also be a lot easier way to connect with the customer or
through the distributors. If crew member been playing the phone tag for several days,
manager can further tell them how annoying it can be, particularly if they need details
before they can really move forward with the project. E mails are also a lot better way to
stay in contact with somebody else (Kempadoo, Sanghera and Pattanaik, 2015).
 Equipment Breakdowns: It's a problem that has troubled building projects for decades,
but it's becoming even more a concern now as certain pieces of machinery aren't as
simple to fix. New construction machinery nowadays, particularly electrical appliances
and heavy equipment, that need to be brought to the dealership to be fixed. It will put a
stop to your working day if the machinery is required. There must be routine checks on
all of the appliances by the project manager, so if anything happens to be going on they
send it in for double check-up which reduces the chances of break down. Moreover crew
member doesn't hesitate in making any critical machinery complaints as they can save the
break down before it begins and thus lead to save the entire construction site.
 Soil Erosion: Soil degradation has an effect on coastal hydrology which may contribute
to an rise in floods that will affect the ecosystem. Soil degradation is not just happening

at the building site. It often happens downstream and can have a significant effect on the
environment (Khalili and Duecker, 2013).
 Water Quality: Construction also affects water health in the area. Contaminants will end
up in water supplies during the entire construction cycle. Air safety would still be a
problem once the study has ended due to decreased air use and rising pollution related to
new occupants.
The main roles of town and country planner in new housing site are as follow:
 As a leading body in the area of Urban & Regional management and designing, TCPO
gives information resources and strategic guidance and support to different State
Governments, planning agencies, ULBs, other departments, etc.
 Professional support and advice to social and economic Affairs Ministry, NITI Ayog,
other Central Departments / Agencies.
 Data reports on topical topics of concern.
 Manuals and guidance on the various strategy and development elements.
 Education & capability development, exhibitions in Urban & Rural Planning and Design
Technologies and spatial analysis and GIS systems.
 Assessment and control of programs in the public sector / Schemes.
3. Low Carbon Planning helps to integrate energy efficiency and renewable energy sources cost
effectively into the new development.
In construction sector, it has been determined that concept of low carbon planning and
development is basically defined by the stance low emission developing tactics and standards or
low carbon development plans (Lu and Abeysekera, 2014). There is no specific definition, but
are primarily elaborated as forward focused global economic growth policies or even plans
which mainly include climate resilient economic growth. These policies have attracted
involvement in the environmental condition negotiation as a lenient secondary approach to
voluntary for greenhouse gas emission with the main target to reduce it in developing nations.
In 2008 the EU took into account the primary initiative and the key goal of implementing low
carbon growth. The whole policy's biggest aspect is to ensure the best way to organize the data
for low greenhouse gas emissions.
Low carbon planning: Carbon emissions are referred to as environmentally friendly
greenhouse gas evacuation that has a negative effect on all individuals living in that area. It

involves the combustion of fossil fuels by an entity that produces colourless and tasteless energy
like natural gas, palm oil and coal. Building is the industry sector that has the highest exposure
against carbon emissions. It is mainly thanks to the participation of a wide number of practices
such as the use of concrete and other construction materials. This is the builder's responsibility to
prepare and find and implement steps that can offer an incentive and minimize carbon emissions
in the atmosphere (Martens and Carvalho, 2017).
The role of planning is important in this part as provides an option to study about all
different factors and build appropriate strategy which will be important in nature to reduce
emission of carbon. The end effect of this is ascertained in the manner of integrating the usage of
energy efficient and renewable resources in the development of building which will be
environmentally sustainable and cost effective in nature. The planning about the different
sources which are required to consider, also needed to ascertain the information regarding
measures in their reduction. The different aspects include construction waste, embodied energy
and carbon emissions. The effective performance of working in respect to all these determinants
provides the benefit in form of building low carbon energy design. This brings an obligation over
employees is to follow the instructions properly and build the environmental sustainable
building. Information on numerous steps contributing to the minimisation of waste disposal,
usable carbon and energy pollution is listed below:
Measures to minimise construction waste
There are many measures of different nature that contributes in reduction of construction
waste. All these are defined below along with the role in building energy efficient in market;
Reduction of construction related mistakes: This includes about focusing over
successful planning and development of outline so work can be performed in accordance to the
presented requirements (Tang and Tang, 2012). It was seemed that everyone performs work
without measurements and then after large amount material retained as scrap that cannot be used
further in any other process. So, it is important that while start construction related activities with
focus over effective planning about in what amount resources are required and how these will be
used in future. This will help in removal of root problems and optimum utilisation of available
resources. It improves the efficiency in form of reducing cost and production of quality structure
that able to serve for large period of time in more sustainable nature (Mitchell, 2018).

Ordering the right amount of material: This includes ordering the right quantity of raw
materials as per the requirements. This will provides an opportunity to save the financial
resources to use in deployment of other activities in more prominent manner. In this regard, they
have to focus over taking the considerations from experienced and knowledgeable people so
order will be made in accurate quantity. The benefit of this step not only ascertained in the form
of optimum utilisation but also aid in building culture of adhering minimal waste reduction
process.
Opting the option of deconstruction before demolition: This will be used in case of
focusing over reconstruction of a building. The two processes are present to start working in this
direction includes deconstruction and demolition of the existing one (Nejati, Amran and Ahmad,
2014). It is suggested that while working over the activities of reconstruction then apply the
approach of deconstruction before demolition. This will help to grab large number of benefits
such as attainment of existing materials that are available in reusable condition, reduction of
wastage, income from the resale of windows, plumbing fixtures, ceiling and floor tiles and large
pieces of lumber and environment safeguarding. This improves the efficiency as aid in
completion of work in speedier manner at expense of least amount of cost. The environment will
be saved as reduced the amount toxic released in air as compared to demolition of property. All
the benefits are further turns out as effective source that contributes in improvement of resources
power. This will provides an opportunity to get desirable targets on expenditure of minimum cost
(Schaltegger, Burritt and Petersen, 2017).
Measures to minimise carbon emission
Direct carbon emissions from the construction industry are expected to grow overall
Greenhouse gases emissions by 26% by 2030. There is a vast scope for increasing energy
efficiency and reducing carbon footprints in this industry (Pondeville, Swaen and De Rongé,
2013). Construction methods, design of the buildings, materials used etcetera are some areas
which can reduce carbon emissions significantly. Efficient use of a construction plant itself like
selecting the right machine for the tasks instead of over-sized machinery will result in low fuel
costs and reduced carbon emissions (Rodrigue, Magnan and Boulianne, 2013). There is a recent
trend of using bio-diesel fuelled generators instead of the more commonly used generators that
are fuelled by diesel with high carbon emissions. More such efforts and research is being done to
identify alternative sources of energy with low carbon emissions. Most of the carbon emissions

associated with construction industry originates from consumption of energy on-site for
production of electricity, hot-water etcetera. Installation of solar-energy panels in buildings is a
measure which is being highly used these days. Also, south-facing buildings with large window
areas are designed to increase passive solar heating which provides the residents with
considerable amount of day-light. It helps in decrease of consumption of energy during day-time
and increase sustainability. Waste disposal management models that help in separation of waste
at source for reusing and recycling purposes are very effective in mitigating carbon emissions.
Measures such as finding alternatives for materials which are highly carbon-embodied, making
buildings more efficient in use, recycling materials and relying on alternative energy sources
make a point that unless construction industry becomes more efficient in operations, there is no
way that carbon emissions can be reduced (Rasi, Abdekhodaee and Nagarajah, 2014).
Measures to minimise embodied energy.
Embodied energy adds to the current energy use of all the phases involved in designing
building. Using natural alternatives or materials which have low energy-consumption in their
production process is one measure of reducing the embodied energy. Reduction of resource use
is a strategy that focuses on mitigating the volume or the mass of the structure by taking into
consideration light-weight structures and including the provision of flexibility and adaptability in
the initial designs of the project. Making use of durable materials decreases the frequency of
repair and replacements reducing the energy consumed in the process. A significant part of
embodied energy in the industry is attributable to the transportation involved in the process of
procuring materials. By buying materials from local sources even if the prices differ marginally,
the transportation process can be reduced significantly. Reusing building structures wherever
possible instead of destroying the whole building and constructing a new one helps in reducing
resource use and the embodied energy associated with the production process (Prakash and
Potoski, 2012).
The aim is to comment on the degree to which companies have a duty perform what can be
called "considered building," using research studies of health and healthcare schemes in the UK,
identify places for change, especially in the field of civic involvement activities employed by
contractors. The results have consequences for the methods used for civic participation in
infrastructure projects. There are clear guidelines regarding the technical preparation of project

administrators who ought to be properly prepared to communicate with both the general
population at the municipal level.
CONCLUSION
In end, it has been concluded that recent advances in the CEE systematic review and
systemic chart methodology and an improvement in the usage of systemic review approaches for
evidence-based protection and environmental policy have culminated in a growing emphasis in
stakeholder participation in the evaluation phase. It was ascertained that must to manage
environment and stakeholders properly in effective construction of a building. Environmental
management provides an opportunity to safeguard the society and environment from various
amount of negative impacts like construction waste, embodied energy and carbon emission. This
will not only help in development of building in cost effective manner but also provides an
opportunity to made the same sustainable in nature. The support of society and government is
ascertained towards the functioning of such building construction because they work with the aid
of techniques which that have least negative impact over environment. Stakeholders are those
that have interest within the project. Its management is important as provides an opportunity
work with optimum utilisation of resources. The identified stakeholder associated with
construction of building includes employees, government, society etc. The management of all is
important as aid in doing uninterrupted functions with their support. The one which is most
important in nature to manage is employees as they are main that performs the function related to
construction of building along with implementation of measures that are sustainable in nature. It
is also determined that not only the activities of construction have impact over environment.
There are many issues present in environment that impacts the working of building construction
includes climate related factors and crises. They effect in the form of economic failure and
worker restraint on performing duties. The mechanism that would help resolve pubic issues
involves rising greenhouse dioxide, utilizing high quality products, and insisting on levels of
safety and health. Carbon pollution legislation policy has immense significance for the cost-
effective production of achieving sustainability with efficient usage of energy conservation and
renewable energies. The more significance was the high degree of building maintenance as well
as funding from government.

PART C
Appendix E -
Reflective Logbook
for Mental Wealth
Competencies
Menta
l
Wealth
Description Describe the
context
What went
well?
What
could be
improve
d? How?
Compet
encies
Digital
Profici
ency -
(DP)
The opportunity
to successfully
use ICT; consider
the consequences
of technological
development and
evaluate to
knowledge.
The work
performed
was related
to
reconstructio
n of
building.
Here, the use
of digital
technology is
important in
completion
of work
according to
the desirable
targets and
standards. In
digital
technologies,
main role is
played by
ICT. This
will provides
an
opportunity
in increment
of
communicati
on practices.
The aspect
went well
within the
process of
carrying
functions
includes
ascertainin
g the
knowledge
regarding
different
support
systems
along with
their
application.
Here, I
gained the
opportunity
of applying
DSS. This
system was
proved as
highly
useful in
decision
making for
mew by
considering
the impact
of both
external
and
internal
factors.
The benefit
of same
was not
understood
at the time
of
application.
I
ascertained
after
completion
of work
that this aid
in
formation
of building
This
improved
my
decision
making
skill. The
basic
reason
behind
the
developm
ent of this
skill aid
in
thinking
by
consideri
ng the
impact of
both
external
and
internal
factors.

Interventio
ns
Industry
Connections -
(IC)
The opportunity to grasp and fulfill
business members ' needs
successfully, through results and
behaviors.
This is about meeting
the standards of
construction industry
The aspect that gone
well with me was
support of professional
personnels that have
effective knowledge
regarding policies and
standards.
I dev
rega
indu
with
crea
frien
Community
Connections -
(CC)
Commitment to the outside world by
work, fundraising, or
participating in an initiative focused o
n an external mission.
This covers about the
satisfaction of society
needs
The went ell that my
focus from starting is
upon the development
of Eco friendly
building that has least
negative impact over
environment
This
know
bene
towa
man
UEL Give-Back
- (UGB)
Commitment to in-house tasks like
tutoring other participants,
fundraising, serving as a student
leader or envoy, delivering a service
to another branch of UEL
This is about
performing interrelated
activities
Ascertainment of the
support of peers and
professionals
This
my c
perf
inter

REFERENCES
Books and Journals: