Impact of Electronic Media on Adolescent Health

The assignment discusses how excessive electronic media use can lead to behavioral changes, sleep disturbances, anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem among adolescents. It reviews several studies that have investigated the relationship between electronic media use and adolescent health, highlighting the importance of responsible media use for maintaining healthy well-being.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND
BIOSTATISTICS

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................2
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

MAIN BODY
Aim of the study:
The main objective of the study is to explain time young adults spend giving electronic
media such as telephone, television, computers, video games and to evaluate the relation between
health/well-being and time regularly spent on various media.
Reason behind the study:
Main reason to conduct this study was to know the impact of using electronic media on
health and well-being of adolescents (Lemola & et.al., (2015). Research was also established in
order to know about the young adults' health related quality of life, psychological distress,
behaviour after excessive using the various media.
Study design:
Design of the study was based on cross sectional data and random sampling. Population
which was targeted for the research was school based health of young Victorian group study.
Contestants were chosen from across the state of Victoria, Australia with the help of stratified
two stage random sampling method which was particularly dependent on school education
sector. 1662 students were encouraged to take part in the research. The questionnaire was
prepared based on the use of media was imparted to pupils in order to know the average time
they give on using different media's (Rosen & et.al., (2014). Ethics in Human Research
Committee of the Royal Children’s Hospital and school sectors have sanctioned the study. Also,
for conducting research, consent from both students and their parents was also taken. The author
has mainly focused upon the ill effects of highly using media's. The assumptions which were
made while performing the report was all the students will answer the question in a honest
manner asked in the questionnaire. Other than this researcher presumed that the inclusion criteria
used in the report are appropriate.
Use of methods like cross section study have supported in proving and disproving
assumptions. This technique supported in finishing the research early and with very low cost.
However, the method cannot help in interpreting the behaviour over time. It also does not
analyse cause and effect. Random sampling has also helped in effectively establishing the
research (Electronic Media Use and Adolescent Health and Well-Being: Cross-Sectional
Community Study, (2016). It has provided the chance to conduct data analysis which have fewer

risk of carrying the mistake. This method is the simplest form of information collection and very
easy to perform. But, the technique is time consuming and do not consider additional knowledge.
Also, it requires grouping of the population to be impressive (Lee & et.al., (2014).
Outcome and measures of table 2
Research has considered various constructs like psychological distress (anxiety and
depression) which was measured by Kessler-10. This technique is used in order to return a global
measure of distress linked with questions related to anxiety and depression signs that an
individual has faced in the most recent 4 week period. Scores varies from 10-50 where higher
value show the greater mental suffering (King & et.al., (2014). Scores are divided into
low/moderate vs high/very high suffering. Data was collected with the help of stratified random
sampling in order to know the common experiences of population.
Interpretation of result in table 4
Table basically shows the average time young adults spend using media. Research shows
that the students giving more time to these activities have poorer health conditions. (coefficient -
3.35; 95% CI, -5.47 to -1.23; P¼ .002) has a negative correlation which means as the use of
media increases in pupils, their health status will deteriorate. The positive p value is 0.5 which
indicates that measure have a positive impact on the well-being of students. However, study
shows that the p value of over all media use is 0.002 which is quiet low. Thus, results interprets
that greater the pupils spend time on television and computer, poorer is their health status (Best,
Manktelow & Taylor, (2014). This shows (coefficient 1.31; 95% CI, 0.34 to 2.28; P¼ .008)
positive co-relation which indicates that students who use media have more behavioural total
difficulties than those who give less time to all these activities.
Interpretation of result in table 5
Table contains adjusted measures of effect for global health and psychological distress
outcomes. Coefficient 1.42 (0.93, 2.15) and p value 0.10 shows that the students have significant
association between very high use of television, video games, telephones and high psychological
distress. However, it can also be interpreted from the study that computer has a surprising effect
on the mental health condition of students. High use of social media platforms like Facebook can
increase their communication abilities and can enhance their productivity as a student. Overall
the table interprets that all these media have a negative impact on the well-being of pupils. It can
also reduce the efficiency of their work.

Ac-curation of data containing in abstract
The abstract of the manuscript contains the objective, method, result and conclusion of
the study (Woods & Scott (2016). It has specified the clear goal of the research which is to
analyse the relationship between well-being of pupils and use of electronic media. However, the
abstract do not include the reason to conduct the research. It also shows method of study design
like cross sectional data and stratified random sampling. Population which has been targeted is
been given in the abstract, so that the reader can easily interpret the findings. Appropriate result
is shown in the article which reveals that high use of media can severely impact the health of
students. However, abstract does not include the limitations of using various data collection
methods or techniques.
Limitation of the study design
Limitation of the study includes that researchers were not able to make use of
longitudinal set of data. Loss to follow up have impacted there generalizability of media time use
which means that the individuals are applying the results on larger set of population than the
sample selected (Bickham, Hswen & Rich (2015). As, results are implemented on different
group, so this can effect the relationship between media use and health well-being of students.
One more drawback in the study was that researchers have not included multi-tasking in it. So,
use of secondary media is not been implemented in the study, which makes the research precise.
Ecological momentary assessment method has also not been used in the manuscript. This
technique can support in studying more effectively the mood, behaviour and psychological
aspects of population. The confusion that existed while performing the research was what age
students should be targeted. Also, the method chosen will be effective or not.
Design of a new study
The new study design will use longitudinal set of data in order to cover broader aspects of
the research. Cross-section information collection method gather matter from varying subjects to
have knowledge of same variables. This method has also can interpret the exact behaviour over
time. It can be considered as it is low cost and easy to use technique. However, longitudinal
technique will support researchers in studying the same variable or subject for multiple time
(Levenson & et.al., (2016). Study will also make use of multi-tasking method to cover the aspect
of secondary media. It can help in establishing more effective relationship between media use
and health of students. Other method like ecological momentary assessment can be included in

research to better understand the mood, behaviour, health status of pupils after using media like
telephones, television, computer and video games.
Conclusion
The average time spent by an adolescents over various media severely impact their health
and well-being. It has been noted that the students who are addicted to telephone, computer,
television, video games have more behavioural changes than those who give least time. The
study provides support efforts to reduce the use of these media and promote health-well being of
students.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014). Online communication, social media and
adolescent wellbeing: A systematic narrative review. Children and Youth Services
Review.41. 27-36.
Bickham, D. S., Hswen, Y. & Rich, M. (2015). Media use and depression: exposure, household
rules, and symptoms among young adolescents in the USA. International journal of
public health. 60(2). 147-155.
King, D. L. & et.al., (2014). Sleep interference effects of pathological electronic media use
during adolescence. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction.12(1). 21-35.
Lee, H. R. & et.al., (2014). Social media use, body image, and psychological well-being: A
cross-cultural comparison of Korea and the United States. Journal of health
communication.19(12). 1343-1358.
Lemola, S. & et.al., (2015). Adolescents’ electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and
depressive symptoms in the smartphone age. Journal of youth and
adolescence.44(2).405-418.
Levenson, J. C. & et.al., (2016). The association between social media use and sleep disturbance
among young adults. Preventive medicine. 85. 36-41.
Rosen, L. D. & et.al.,(2014). Media and technology use predicts ill-being among children,
preteens and teenagers independent of the negative health impacts of exercise and
eating habits. Computers in human behavior.35.364-375.
Woods, H. C., & Scott, H. (2016). # Sleepyteens: social media use in adolescence is associated
with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. Journal of
Adolescence.51. 41-49.
Online

Electronic Media Use and Adolescent Health and Well-Being: Cross-Sectional Community
Study. (2016). [ONLINE] Available through:
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