Assignment on Epidemiology Desease
Added on 2021-04-24
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EpidemiologySOCI 1236 / PUB 1236 (SCW)SOC 2407 / EXQM 1007 (YC)Spring 2018Problem Set 2:Question 1 – 10 points totalFactory AAge (years)# workersStandard Deaths / 1000Expected # of cancer deathsObserved cancer deaths20-3940000.52504.740-4950001.0312.55.8850-5980001.55009.41Total16000----1062.520SMR = Observed number of deaths Expected number of deathsTotal observed number of deaths = 20Total worker= 1600Expected Number of Deaths(4000÷1600) X 100 = 250(5000÷1600) X 100 = 312.5(4000÷1600) X 100 = 500
Observed Number of Deaths(4000÷1062.5) X 20 = 4.7(5000÷1062.5) X 20 =5.88(4000÷1062.5) X 20 = 9.41From the SMR data it can be observed that there is a higher risk of death in in the age bracket of 50-59 compared to the other age groups. Therefore simply using crude death rates alone can lead to a misleading conclusion.Question 2 – 40 points total (a) 1. The experiment was conducted in Thailand since it at that time Thailand had the second highest HIV prevalence in Asia. The Thailand nation also wanted to reduce HIV infection in the country thus such experiments were encouraged.2. The researchers chose to study men and women between the ages of 18 and 30 because they are the most affected by HIV among the Thailand population. The young men and women in thisage group are sexually active and therefore are more likely to be infected to HIV compared to theother age groups.3. The researchers required the participants to agree to come for regular follow-up visits so as to help them obtained all the required data throughout the experiment period.
(b) 125 people were infected during the period. 74 of which were in the placebo group and 51 from vaccine groupIncidence density for placebo group = (74 ÷3) = 24.33 per 8198 person-yearIncident density for vaccine group = (51 ÷3) = 17 per 8197 person-year(c) 17 ÷ 8197 = 0.002Efficacy of the vaccine = (1- 0.02) x 100% = 99.8%This efficacy implies that for every 1000 people inject with the vaccine only 2 (0.002%) are at risk of getting infected with the disease.(d) The main purpose of randomization in any experiment is to eliminate any bias and control the lurking variables in the experiment. Randomization is important in an experiment
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