Ask a question from expert

Ask now

Introduction to Epidemiology Assignment

14 Pages2280 Words298 Views
   

Added on  2019-10-30

Introduction to Epidemiology Assignment

   Added on 2019-10-30

BookmarkShareRelated Documents
Running head: EPIDEMOLOGYEPIDEMOLOGYName of the StudentName of the universityAuthor’s note
Introduction to Epidemiology Assignment_1
1EPIDEMOLOGYQuestion 1:Source:Sundquist, K. Qvist, J. Johansson, S. Sundquist, J. “The long-term effect of physical activity onincidence of coronary heart disease: a 12-year follow-up study”(a) “What study design does this study employ”?[1 point]Ans- The current study uses a cohort design.(b) “Find the methodological aspects mentioned in the paper that convinced you that is thetype of study design, please use dot points” [2 points]The sample population has been divided into several groups like those who are smokers,those who had a history of smoking more than 14 cigarettes a day, the long term smokers,the ones smoking 1-14 cigarettes daily, and those who have never smoked.The population was divided into male and female and the level of income was dividedinto high and low income categories.The physical activity leisure time was divided into – No exercise, exercise on anoccasional basis, exercise about two times a week, twice a week undertaking vigorousexercise.These are for the assessment of CHD risks in the population, which shows that the studydesign is a cohort one.
Introduction to Epidemiology Assignment_2
2EPIDEMOLOGY(c) “What justification do the authors give for conducting this study, please use dotpoints”?[2 points]For analysis of long term effect of the leisure time physical activity on CHD cases.To examine the impact of, SES, sex, age , smoking and BMI on the development ofCHD.(d) “What was the proportion of those who (i) do not do any physical activity (ii) engagedin twice a week vigorous physical activity”? Ans- i) Physical activity was not done by 9% of the population.ii) 42.3% of the sample population had taken part in vigorous activities twice a week.(e) “What is the crude incidence rate of CHD in inactive men and inactive women”?[2points]Ans- the rate of occurrence of CHD in inactive men and inactive woman are 111 and 38 per10,000 person years respectively. (f) “What is the crude relative risk of being non-active versus being “highly active”(vigorous physical activity at least twice a week) in men and in women” [2 points]Ans: Hazard ratio Non active- 1 active highly- 0.50 (0.31-0.80) (HR with 95% confidence intervals).
Introduction to Epidemiology Assignment_3
3EPIDEMOLOGY (g) “How would you interpret the relative risk in the above section” (f)? [2 marks]Ans: - The mentioned data above shows that an increase in the amount of the physical activityleisure time can reduce CHD risk. The mechanism linking CHD to physical activity is that,physical activities lowers the blood pressure. Level of lipids, plasma viscosity, Plasma fibrinogendecrease. (h) “Looking at the sex and age adjusted RR in Table 3 (the RR is measured by theHazard Ratio which is similar) (i) how would you describe the association between physicalactivity and CHD”[4points]Ans:- Table 3 shows that participants who had performed leisure time physical activity afteradjustment for sex and age showed a 54% lower risk of developing CHD than the ones withoutperforming leisure activity. It was also seen that the ones who occasionally performed physicalactivity in leisure time exhibited a lowered risk of developing CHD. It has also been showed thatpeople with less income, people with high BMI current smokers and indicated an increaseddevelopmental risk of CHD. (79)(i) “The authors removed from the analysis any person who self-rated their health as “bad”or “anywhere between good and bad” why? (One sentence [2 points]Ans: - the self rated participants themselves or anywhere between good and bad or in bad healthwere excluded to prevent any biasness and were considered as poor self rated health.
Introduction to Epidemiology Assignment_4

End of preview

Want to access all the pages? Upload your documents or become a member.

Related Documents
Epidemiology Assignment | Effects of a Drug
|12
|1943
|192

Research Study on Long-term Effect of Physical Activity on Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease
|8
|2299
|302

Cohort Study on Physical Activity and CHD, Case-Control Study on Dietary Fat and Skin Cancer, Bias in Cohort and Case-Control Studies
|8
|1975
|461