Equal Employment Opportunity for Women in MNC

This study investigates the equal employment opportunities for women in MNC organizations in India, focusing on the ABC Group. It explores the concept of equal opportunities, the significance of gender diversity, and the challenges faced by women. The study also provides recommendations for overcoming these challenges. The aim is to create awareness and promote gender equality in the workplace.

Equal employment opportunity for
Women in MNC organization in
India

Abstract
The entire study provides a broad description of the equal opportunities within a
workplace which is refers as consider men and women equal in all terms ate corporate level.
The chosen MNC for the current study is ABC Group which occupies range of companies in
India at different states. Thus, from literature review, study provided detail concept of equal
opportunities and importance of this within a firm by using secondary resources. Also,
through this chapter, it is also examine that ABC also faces many challenges while managing
equal opportunities and this in turn affect the results. Also, the study is based upon qualitative
research in which Interview is conducted that helps to meet the define aim and objectives.
Further from the data analysis section, it is also analysed that majority of the
employees are highly satisfied with the offered working environment to both men and women
within a workplace. This also shows that company keep providing best facilities in order to
manage the overall working environment so that both men and women employees stay happy
and this in turn leads to improve the overall productivity too.

Acknowledgment
First of all, I would like to show my sincere gratitude to the supervisor who has constantly
provided me support and guidance to complete this dissertation project. I would also like to
thank my team members, friends and family, without whom I would have not been able to
complete the research on a timely and reliable manner. Last but not the least, I would like to
thank my community to provide me with continuous support and encouragement.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents.....................................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................................9
2.0 Introduction.....................................................................................................................9
2.1 Theme 1: Concept of equal opportunities within the work environment........................9
2.2 Theme 2: Significance of equal employment related opportunities in organization.....11
2.3 Theme 3: challenges face by the women while working at company..........................14
2.4. Conclusion....................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 3- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.....................................................................18
CHAPTER 4- FINDINGS/ RESULTS...................................................................................27
CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION.....................................................................32
CHAPTER 6- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................38
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................42
Appendix..................................................................................................................................45

Topic: “Equal employment Opportunity for women in MNC”
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Equal opportunities of growth and promotion in corporate is the best attracting source.
That is why, in India most of the top MNC majorly focused on the equal opportunity
provided by the firm to their employees. Earlier as well as recent times, in India, there are
typically 35% women to 65% men on an average. It is so because we belongs to the society
which has labeled women to be a weaker sex, an archaic bias, also, women have to fight for
their rights even whether it is a company or their own house. That is why, government of
India develop policies in order to treat women equally at workplace. As per the secondary
data, it is analyzed that India’s women are among the least likely to be part of a labor force of
Indian women who are employed, because most of them are busy in agriculture and then
manufacturing. So, it is analyzed that around 27% of the Indian women are participate in the
corporates while, 70% of the Chinese women are indulge in these work (Swarnalatha and
Anuradha, 2017). This ratio shows that the participation of female in the company is actually
falling considerably because they are not valued and treated equally at the working
environment.
Also, there are so many societies throughout the world is not consider women are
equal to men, but with the changing era, the opinion and mindset of people is also changes, as
a result, company start involving women in the top position to prove society. For example,
Accenture Solutions Private Ltd, IBM India Private Ltd, Hindustan Unilever Ltd who hire
women in their company as a top position. So, this is clearly stated that the opinion of people
changes towards women, but they are no ready to pay equal amount to them in so many
conducts (Frenkel, 2017). Thus, the current dissertation help to shed a light on the equal
employment opportunities to the women in MNC and the treatment which company perform
with the women. Further, in India, there are many companies where still discrimination based
on race, color, caste and culture is conduct but in hidden form. That is why, there is a need to
create awareness to provide equal opportunities to women.
Overview of company:
The chosen firm for the current study is ABC Group which is Indian Multinational
holding company whose headquarter is in Mumbai, India. The firm is founded in 1868 by
Jamsethji ABC with a singly firm, but now the company run most of the subsidiaries which
includes ABC Chemicals, ABC Communications, ABC Consultancy Services, ABC

Consumer Products, ABC Motors, Voltas, Taj Hotel and many more. Step by step the
company sustain the brand image with the help of their employees and even company comply
with range of laws decided by government of India. Being a brand image at global level,
company also focused on women at work, for that over the last 4-5 years, ABC Motors
running number of initiatives towards promoting the gender diversity at workplace. Thus,
ABC Group create a brigade of ‘Women in Blue’ by enrolling, educating and skilling girls
from economically deprived areas. That is why, from the last five years, the number of
women working in ABC Starbucks has increase from 16% in 2014 to around 29% in 2019.
This shows that the company focused on gender diversity and provide a chance to female so
that they get an equal opportunities within a firm.
Aim: The aim of this study is “to investigate the equal employment opportunities to women
in MNC of India- A study on ABC Groups”
Objectives:
 To determine the concept of equal opportunities at workplace.
 To ascertain the importance of equal employment opportunities at MNC
 To identify the challenges face by the women while working at company
 To recommend the ways through which the challenges can be overcome.
Research Questions:
 Why women are not getting equal social status in an organization?
Rationale: The rationale for choosing this topic is such that, researcher have their own
interest to study on this and this will help to enhance the knowledge and determine that
during earlier days, there were some man- made boundaries for women but now, women
plays a vital role in different sectors. That is why, through the study, researcher will
understand equal employment opportunity to women and also workplace dynamics related to
women. Further, another reason for choosing this topic is such that by study on the particular
topic will help to analyze the major problem for working women arise out of the dual
responsibility of working women. Also, through the study, researcher determine that working
women are those who are in paid employment. Also, social attitude to the role of women is
also lag behind the law, so this attitude consider women fit for certain job and not for other

jobs influence those who are involved in recruitment of female employees (Alhejji and et.al.,
2018).
Thus, using the study, researcher create awareness among the companies and analyze
the challenges which women face during their working. Hence, it is stated that the current
study reflect that involving women in the company and also provide them the same pay as per
their ability is help to take a business at further level of success. So, the study help a
researcher to enhance their knowledge related to equal opportunity within a workplace.
Scope:
Equal opportunity is the vast topic and there are many terms included. Thus, as per
the current study, researcher shed a light on the equal employment opportunity to women at
MNC and through this, companies determine there is a need to involve women at working
place in order to foster gender equality. So, when the study is further read by other companies
who do not follow gender equality at pay, then they start complying the same in order to
create a brand image at global level. Also with the help of equal opportunities within a firm,
define aim and objectives will be completed on time. Not only this, it will also help to leave a
positive impression upon the customers and attract new customers as well. This is clearly
analyzed that by providing equal wages and opportunities to both men and women, will
maintain the positive working environment within a workplace and this in turn leads to boost
up the performance and financial status of the company as well.
Structure of Dissertation:
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter provides a brief knowledge about the research problem and highlights
the reason behind conducting the study. In this an overview is stated about the topic along
with the aim and objectives relating to the issue so that each and every aspect of the topic
could analyze effectively and efficiently. Moreover, it also includes the significance and the
scope for preparing this study in which it is discussed that the scope of the research problem
is wide or narrow. Also, the section provides a complete overview of the entire dissertation.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
In this section a detailed review of the problem is made has been made on the basis of
objectives framed. Different themes are been prepared with respect to each theme and an in-
depth review is made of each theme through the use of journal, articles, books and online

sources. A critical review is been presented of the issue in order to develop better
understanding of the significance and the challenges attached with the research problems.
Chapter 3: Research methodology
Under this different types of research methods has been applied for the purpose of
stating the type, approach and philosophy of the research. Furthermore, it also includes the
methods through the use of which the data or information has been gathered. It reflects the
steps' and the procedures that are been used for conducting or formulating this study. This
chapter also provides deeper insights regarding the ethical aspects and the limitations that had
been faced by the scholar at the time formulating the research report.
Chapter 4: Data Analysis and findings
This chapter represents findings and the analysis of the data with regard to the study.
In this the questionnaire is framed for getting the responses of the participant and ensuring
that data gathered or collected has been presented clearly with helps of the tables, graphs,
percentage so that appropriate findings can be generated. A retrospective chart assessment
has also been conducted for capturing data essentials to achieve or accomplish the research
objectives or goals.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations
The final chapter or stage of the dissertation includes overall summary of the whole
study in conclusive way and providing proper recommendations in relation to overcome the
challenges that is faced by the women at the workplace in terms of the equal opportunity.
Moreover, the recommendations are in form of the suggestions that the companies should
adopt within the work premises in order to avoid any kind of inequality or discrimination
among between the men and woman.

CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
Literature review is a survey of scholarly knowledge on a topic and it is actually used
to determine the trend, debate and gaps in the research, through literature review section,
researcher analyse the key element of the research and get an idea of the topic as well. In the
same way, the current section of a dissertation also enumerate, describe and summarize the
previous research through which the researcher is able to meet the define aim and objectives.
The section describe all the three themes and with the help of secondary data sources,
researcher is able to answer the research question,. Also, in this chapter, with the help of
effective models and theories, researcher is also support the views of different author with
theories and justifies the same.
2.1 Theme 1: Concept of equal opportunities within the work environment
Alonso, Moscoso and Salgado (2017) reviewed that equal opportunity indicates that
each and every individual in the company must has equal right to participate freely
irrespective of their gender. It aims in promoting that every person has equal opportunities
within the workplace and no discrimination should be made between the men and women at
the workplace. In other words, it means that all the employees are been treated as equally or
same and is not been disadvantaged by the bias or the prejudice. Multinational companies
should implement the policy of equal opportunity which helps the staff, managers and the
workforce in understanding their rights and the responsibilities within workplace. It is very
crucial that an employer should consider whether there is any current policies or the
procedures that might result in indirect or the direct discrimination. On the other hand,
treating someone as different does not always mean as an unlawful discrimination. For
instance- Where the performance of an employees needs to be managed because of their
standard work, such action needs to be taken and must completely unrelated with that of their
attributes.
Jones (2017), viewed that many multinational corporations has reported the
employment issues relating to women. There is not any legal requirement in UK for
disclosing any information on the women's employment. On the other hand, there is
legislation relating to employment of the disabled persons. Women suffer the brunt of the
gender inequality as the most at the work premises. The anti discrimination legislation that
has been developed today had come out due to the struggles of the previous generations of

the workers against defense of their particular rights. Women might face discrimination at the
work in terms of unequal pay, disability and on the basis of sexuality. Employers in UK are
been discriminated against the workers on the grounds of the gender in a form that women
were been paid as lower wages than the men for conducting or doing the same kind of work,
and were sacked for being as pregnant or when the marriage bars operated over married
women but not against the married men. Unequal pay means the that the average earnings of
the men and women differs within the workplace. It is seen as internationally established
measures of the women's position in the economy as compared to men. It is a result of the
economic and the social factors which combines for reducing the earning capacity of the
women over its lifetime. This gender pay gap issue is been influenced due to several factors
that involves unconscious and the conscious discrimination or bias in hiring and paying
decisions, high rates of part-time work for the men as compared to women as it has been
believed that lot of time of the women goes in taking rest as it is believed that they are are as
powerful as men.
Swarnalatha and Anuradha, (2017) examined the fact that, the Constitution of India
tends to focus on safeguarding and protecting the interest of the individuals who has been
working within the organisation. Article 15 and article 16 of the equal opportunity act of the
independence to mainly focus on protecting individuals from discrimination. Article 15 tends
to mandate that prohibition of discrimination on the basis of race, caste, sex, religion, place of
birth, gender, culture, belief, et cetera are highly prohibited. This way it is considered to be
very useful in avoiding discrimination within the workplace and providing equal opposite to
the people in order to work in a friendly and healthy environment. Moreover, article 16 tends
to mandate and focus on equal opportunity. If the Digital empowerment foundation aims to
mainly focus on capturing and promoting equal employment opportunities within the
workplace that is free from all forms of discrimination. Equal opportunity within the
organisation mainly states that all the employees within the organisation tends to experience
impartiality, fairness, and equal access to various career initiative within the organisation.
The Digital empowerment foundation mainly focuses on promoting inclusive work
environment which values and accepts diverse work culture and also creating a social
background for the employees within the organisation. The Equal employment opportunity
and anti discrimination policies are considered to be the key policies which has underpinning
various set of values and certain set of guidelines which has been built for the community of
the employees.

Gangoli, (2016) argued that, one of the key significant objective of the equal employment
opportunity and anti-discrimination policy is that ensure that employees within the
organisation are encouraged to take positive set of actions in order to promote equal
opportunity within the organisation. Effective application of the labour laws within the
organisation is of utmost importance because it helps in treating all individuals with utmost
degree of respect and uniformity. Another key objective of these policies is that to encourage
an environment which is free for all the individuals without any biases and discrimination.
All the employees of the organisation tends to get equal opportunities based on the key
capabilities and skills. Digital empowerment foundation employees do not suffer any sort of
unfair discrimination within the workplace and tends to get equal opportunity with varied set
of personal actions like Benefits, transfer, layoff, compensation, company sponsor training
programs, recreational programs, social programs, etc in order to gain high degree of equal
opportunities within the workplace environment. Swarnalatha and Anuradha, (2017)
examined the fact that, within the political theory, the equal opportunity in turn tends to state
that, the people within the organization must compete with each other on the equal set of
terms without any set of discrimination on any basis. Equal opportunities within the
organization helps the individual person to effectively focus on attaining the same level
within the organization without any sort of obstacle or hindrance within the workplace
environment. There should be no discrimination on the basis of education, race, religion and
equal and fair treatment is provided to each individual within the organization.
2.2 Theme 2: Significance of equal employment related opportunities in organization
As per the thinking of Schmidt (2017) in the highly global business environment it is
very essential for the companies to provide for the equal opportunities to both men and
women within the organization. This is very important for the companies to provide for better
and growing opportunities to the women in the corporate world. This is important particularly
in India as in India there is more of inequality. Thus, this is also prevailing in companies as
well and this will increase the growth of males more as compared to women.
With respect to this Kolb and et.al, (2018) articulates that providing for equal
opportunities within the corporate sector is more effective and important for the growth of the
company. This is particularly essential for the company to give more opportunities within the
company to the women. This is important as this will increase the working efficiency of the
company. This is majorly because of the reason that when the women work in the company
then they are more organized and focused towards the work as compared to male employees.

Thus, this will result in increase in the efficiency and productivity of the overall company.
Also, the women employees are more work focused and they want every work to be
completed on time. Thus, this ensures that every work is completed before time so that there
is margin to check the work.
But in against of this Kalaitzi and et.al, (2017) argues that major importance of giving
equal opportunities to women within the company is that this will add to the goodwill of the
company within the highly competitive market. However, the major reason underlying this
fact is that when women employment is promoted by the company then this creates a good
impact over the goodwill and market value of the company. This is particularly important
because of the reason that women employment and women empowerment is the latest thing
going in the global competitive market. Thus, when the companies use this then this creates a
good impact over the working and goodwill of the company as well.
In addition to this Benokraitis (2019) states that the major importance of providing
equal employment related opportunities is that this will increase the team working as well.
The major reason beneath this fact is that when company focuses over employing more of
women employees then the working environment of the company enhance. This is pertaining
to the fact that women are more of clam and work in more coordinated manner along with
clear and understandable communication. Thus, this spread a good and positive environment
at the workplace and this motivates other employees as well to work in more effective
manner. Thus, this will result in overall increase in the working efficiency of the employees
as well. Also, if the women employees will be more good in working then they will be able to
manage the other employees as well and this will result in improved team work with more
accuracy and efforts.
On the flip side Brodin and Peterson (2019) articulates that hiring more of women
within the MNC is more beneficial and important for the company in managing and leading
the business in good manner. This is particularly because of the reason that women are more
good at soft skill relating to business and the leadership skill as well. Hence, when more of
the women employees are hired then this will improve the way the business is led by them.
Thus, this will add on to the improvement of working efficiency of the other employees as
well. As a result of this the overall working capacity of the employees will increase.
Karim, and Beardsley, (2017) examined the fact that, Equal remuneration act of the year
1976 tends to focus on providing equal payment of remuneration to both men and woman

who has been working for the same position or job. This law is considered to be very useful
in preventing discrimination on the basis of sex, woman, race, religion, culture, age, belief,
etc. Remuneration is mainly referred to as the basic wage, additional emoluments payable,
salary, bonuses which are either paid in cash or in kind to a person has been employed within
the organisation in terms of contract of employment. One of the key significant motive of the
equal remuneration act 1976 is to provide equal set of remuneration to both men and women
on a uniform basis. This act is considered to be very useful in avoiding discrimination
against women and helps them in treating them in a fair and equal manner within the
workplace organisation. Omvedt, (2017) argued that, one of the key significant purpose of
the equal opportunity act within India is that it helps in promoting equality of opportunity
within all employees and individuals of India. It helps in preventing discrimination against
individuals and have same in providing fair chance in order to take part in community and
economic life development. Chance of equal opportunity and advancement must be open to
every individual who has been working within the organisation. The key reason for the
application of this law is to remove arbitrariness from the selection procedure. This law is
useful in treating each individual with fairness and equality without any set of prejudice and
distinct action with the individual is avoided and equal respect is given to all the employees
of the organisation.
Hasan, (2019) stated that, the economic society is stratified into diverse range of
groups, roles and individuals which tends to make them distinct from one another. One of the
key prominent benefit of the equal opportunity theory is that it helps in bringing fairness
within selection process and also helps in providing equal treatment with utmost degree of
transparency to all the individuals within the organisation. Every individual within the
organisation have a right to self-determination and express their views in the society.
Application of these laws helps the management of the company to work in a responsible
manner. There should be no discrimination between people who are poor, colour, religion,
disabled, age, gender, et cetera which helps in providing best possible treatment to the
individuals within the organisation. However equal opportunity theory is considered to be a
comprehensive and clear examination of the ideology of self-determination of the individual.
It helps in determining the individual the right and expression they have within the society. It
helps in ensuring fair prospect of self-determination for all the individuals within the
organisation.

2.3 Theme 3: challenges face by the women while working at company
India's economy has an undergone a substantial transformation after the
independence, but there are many areas where people faces struggle . Nevertheless, the
certain broad circumstances in which Indian women life is got affected in many ways that
affected the overall system. In the view of Misra and Sirohi (2019) there are many
challenges which the women is faces among all mental harassment is consider the topmost
problem which affect the entire working system in negative manner. Around more than 50%
of the women are suffering from mental problems and this is all because of their senior
authority. Though Mohanty, Swain and Besra (2018) argues that the increase in the number
in labor market signifies that women's employment is consider the important key element and
increase in growth of employment also appears to be much higher for female workers as
compared to male. But still females have to struggle at the workplace. But mental harassment
is consider an old convention that women are less capable in working as compares to men.
This attitude is also consider women are unfit for certain jobs and this leads to hold them
back again.
In the same way, Constant and et.al., (2020) justifies that same attitude also governs
injustice of unequal salaries for a same job. So this is clearly reflected that true equality is not
attained even after 60 years of independence. Also, working in such condition also put strains
on women to a greater extent as compared to males and this is also makes them less eager in
their career which in turn leads to mental harassment. On contrary, it is argued by Arseneau
and et.al., (2017) that modern workplace has changed for better and it means that position of
women is India is almost better and change because company provide different opportunities
to them which in turn leads to create diverse working environment within a firm. As many
companies re ready to recruit the people on the basis of their abilities and skills without
considering their gender. For example, ABC Group who always ready to invest into the
welfare of the women and motivate them to occupy top position with the help of their own
abilities and skills.
Rauhaus and Carr (2020) share their opinion by stating sexual harassment is consider
another problem for women working at companies. Such that almost all working women are
pprone to sexual harassment irrespective of their status, personal characteristic and as a
result, they face sexual harassment at their own working place. So, it is clearly reflected that
with law protector are violating and outraging modesty of women. Settles (2020) provide
views that most of the women are actually concentrated in th poor services jobs while on the

other side, men are in immediate supervisory position where they exploit the their
subordinate women. This is clearly analyzed that women at working places are actually faces
many issue. In the Indian society, most of the cases with regards to sexual abuse which go
unreported because of the social stigma attached to it. Even though every company have their
own rules and regulation which is clearly shows that company do not discriminate the people.
But there must be a gender equality which includes protection from harassment.
In addition to this, it is further analysed by Htun and Jensenius (2020) that
discrimination at workplace is consider the second most affecting challenge which women
face. Such that women workers working in night shift are more vulnerable to sexual
harassment, for example nurses. On the other hand, company do not pay equal pay to women
while as per the Equal remuneration Act, 1976, it is the right of women to get equal pay as
compared to men, but still many of them are unpaid. It is so because of the mentality of
people where they think men have more responsibility as compared to women and that is
why, they have to earn higher amount as compared to women. Makarem and Wang (2020)
also argued that in India only 25% women are employees and as per the World bank's 2017
India Development report, India ranks 120 among 131 countries with regards to female
workforce participation. But, with a small percentage of women participation, it is clearly
reflected that women has to struggle a lot in order to occupy their own space within a
workplace.
In many companies of India, discrimination is done among women on the basis of pay
because they do not get equal amount of pay as compared to men and this in turn to
discriminate people and affect the brand reputation of the company in negative manner. As
Guillaume and Kirton (2020) stated that equal pay is consider the significant issue in
workplace, it is so because male earn 20% more than the female graduates and that is why,
fair remuneration is consider the biggest factors when employees decide to move to a new job
as well. Also, many companies also did not provide flexible schedule to women and this is
clearly reflected that company does this by discriminating people on the basis of gender. But
actually, equal
Ronnie and Glaister (2020) provide another new challenge which female worker face
at the working place and i.e. career opportunities. Like 45% of the Indian women feels like
men have better access to professional development and career growth opportunities. Also, it
is the perception of the people that men perform better than average at some task as compared
to women which is true but on the other side, there are many areas where female shows their

100% within a workplace, which is not countable. Also Harvey and Tremblay (2020)
supported by stating that when women are not getting any career opportunities within a
workplace then start moving towards new job because this affect their career growth
opportunities.
Swarnalatha and Anuradha, (2017) established the fact that, one of the biggest
challenge which has been faced with the working women within India is mainly associated
with the sexual harassment within the workplace. Woman employs who has been working
during the night shift are considered to be more vulnerable to such harassing incidents.
Sexual harassment is considered to be one of the most heart-wrenching and shameful
challenge For the woman who has been working in a sexually abuse environment. Another
one of the most significant challenges which has been faced by the woman as to maintain a
work life balance. Maintaining balance between professional life and career life is kind of
hard for the woman But when she leads to higher degree of issues within the organisation.
This eventually leads to higher degree of stress among women. It is important to provide
flexibility and maintaining work life balance which helps in reducing stress. Gangoli, (2016)
argued that, Equal pay discrimination between men and woman is one of the biggest
challenge which has been faced by the working moment in India. Men are usually paid more
as compared to the women which is disrespecting and demotivating for the woman. People
who have been working for the same job profile and at the same position must me get equal
payment without any kind of discrimination. Providing equal pay and affective career growth
a positive to both men and women is of utmost importance which in turn eventually leads to
higher degree of equal growth opportunities and low degree of discrimination within the
workplace.
Bajpai, (2018) established the fact that, Gender bias is considered to be one of the key
primary challenge which has been faced by the woman within the workplace. It is very
crucial to bridge the gap of gender discrimination within the organisation in order to provide
equal opportunities to the both men and woman who has been working at the same level. It is
considered to be very crucial for creating an impulsive work environment which is free from
harassment and provide equal opportunities for for both men and women but leads to higher
career growth and opportunities. Swarnalatha and Anuradha, (2017) examined the fact that,
Non-inclusive workplace environment is one of the key prominent challenge which has been
faced by the women of India within the organisation. Then women within the organisation
tends to feel outsider because of the unique capabilities and differences on the basis of race,

ethnicity, age, religion, gender, nationality, sexual orientation, etc. they tend to feel excluded.
Exclusion of women from the organisation tends to put great cost on the organisation because
it leads to low degree of job satisfaction, diminished employee voice, High degree of
employee turnover, reduced effort within the workplace, intention to leave the organisation.
Building an inclusive workplace organisation helps in creating a culture which helps in
supporting employees who belong to any caste or religion without any set of discrimination.
2.4. Conclusion
From the abover review it has been summarized that hliterature helps in providing a
detailed review in realtion to the topic that helps the scholar and the other readers in
understanding the research issues and the associated attribiutes attached to this study.IT is
very important for all teh organization to provide an equal opportunity to the women who are
working in the premises so that they does not feel demotivated and incapable in doing any
task. Women must be treated as equal to men and the firm should not make any
discrimination between men and women employees in any case whether it relates to payment
of salary, new opportunity, leave benefit, compensation, incentives etc.
Facilitating equal opportunity to women is a wider concept which states that each and
evry perdon working in the company must be trated as fair and equal and there should not be
any kind of gender inequality because it directly impact or hampers the reputation of the
company. It is the only reasonof high employee turnover as it leads to dissatisfaction among
the employees or the workers. Due to this, an organization faces many challenges and isues
relating legal laws and policies such as anti-discrimination act. Therefore, in order to avoid
such situation, its is better that company must take care in keeping the men and women
employees as equal. Moreover, an indian economy has undergone in facing the struggle with
respect to treating the employees in unequal manner. In india, the women faces harrasment
issues mentally which is seen as teh big problem so it is important for an entity to take
appropriate actions against it and must take necessary steps for motivating the women
employees and giving them with new kind of work so that they could perform the task with
keen interest.

CHAPTER 3- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It refers to the careful investigation or an inquiry that is made particularly through the
search for teh new facts in branch of the knowledge. It is counted as an original contribution
to existing stock of the knowledge made for advancement of the study. RM i s the practice
used for collecting information with an objective to making suitable business decisions. It
includes the usage of different philosophy, methods, approaches, sources for assessing the
study in an accuracte manner and in detail. In other words it means as teh procedures or the
tools that allows the researcher in evaluating the hoverall validity & relaibility of the reserach
issue.
Research type
It is the most widely used technique and brushing up stock of the knowledge
regarding some issues and problem. The two main standard methods that are used for
conducting the research study includes qualitative and quantitative methods which helps in
making logical statistical observation for drawing appropriate conclusions.
Qualitative research referred as inquiry method which develops an understanding on
the social and human sciences in order to find the way in which the people or individual
thinks or feels. It is the method that facilitates deeper insights & understanding of problem
setting. It is counted as unstructured and exploratory method which analyse highly difficult or
the complex phenomena for elucidating with that of quantitative research (Kumar, 2019). It is
used for gaining in detail understanding of the human experience, behaviour, intentions,
attitudes based on observation an interpretation for finding out a way in which people feel.
IT is the form of the research in which scholar provides more weight towards the views of the
respondents. It is been designed for revealing meanings which informs outcome and action
which are been typically measured by the quantitative research. This method focuses on
gathering the data by using conversational & open-ended communication.
However, quantitative research means the form of a research which relies on
techniques of the natural sciences that produces the numerical data and the hard facts. It
mainly aim at developing cause & effect relationship among the variables by making use of
mathematical, statistical and the computational methods. It is also called as empirical
reserach as it could precisely and accurately measured. The data gathered by a scholar could
be divided into teh classifications or putting in form of rank, or it could be measured in units.

Tables & graphs of teh raw data could be structured with help of the quantitative research, by
making it easier for an investigator to assess results in adequate manner (Fletcher, 2017). In
other terms, it is been defined as the systematic investigation of the phenomena by collecting
the quantifiable data and performing the mathematical, computational and statistical tools.
Under this, the information is collected from the potential and existing customers by making
use of the sampling methods & searching out for online surveys, questionnaires, online polls
etc. The result of which could be depicted in form of numbers or numerical data. It is majorly
conducted in social sciences by utilising statistical techniques for collecting the quantitative
data from the research report.
Referring to this report, an investigator has made used of qualitative research for
studying all the qualitative characteristics attached with equal employment opportunities for
the women at the workplace. It allows further probing & questioning of the respondents on
the basis of their responses where motivation & feelings relating to the problem has been
understood effectively by the scholar.
Research approach
It means the plans and the process prepared for the study that spans the steps from the
broad assumptions to the detailed methods of the analysis, interpretation & collection of data.
IT is been categorized into two types that involves inductive and deductive approach.
It is the type of the logical thinking which involves the formation of generalizations
on the basis of specific events or an incident that is been experienced, made and observed. It
is the reasoning that starts with an observation & theories that are been proposed to end of
research process as an observation result (Mohajan, 2018). It involves searching for the
pattern from the observation and developing theories and explanations for such patterns
through a series of the hypotheses. Not any hypotheses or the theories would be applied in
such studies at starting of research where scholar is free with respect to altering direction for
study after a research process has been started. This approach do not imply for disregarding
the theories at the time of framing the research objectives and questions.
On other side, deductive approach is mainly concerned with hypotheses development
on the basis of ongoing theory or already developed theory and thereafter designing the
strategy for testing hypotheses. This means as reasoning from specific to the general findings.
Deductive design may test for seeing the relationship or the link obtained on more of the
general conditions. It means the hypotheses which could be derived from propositions of

theory and is concerned with the deducting conclusions from the premises or the propositions
(Snyder, 2019). Thsi method starts with expected pattern which is been tested over the
observations unlike inductive begins with the observation and seeks for finding out the
pattern within the study.
While preparing for this study, an investigator has adopted inductive approach as it
best suits for making qualitative analysis of the research issue within the report. This method
helps the scholar in generating or developing meanings from data set gathered for the purpose
of determining the relationships and patterns for building theory relating to equal
opportunities for women in terms of their employment within the work environment. It
begins with defining the topic that researcher deemed to develop for empirical generalizations
& identify the preliminary relationships as progressing towards the research report
(Taherdoost, 2016). Moreover, it helps in creating patterns, regularities the experiences and
the resemblances that are observed so that appropriate findings and conclusion can be
presented with regard to the particular research problem.
Research philosophy
It means the belief regarding the way in which the data about phenomenon must be
gathered, assessed and is used. It deals with nature, development and the sources of
knowledge in context of the research topic (Wiek and Lang, 2016). It relates to precisely the
way researcher reacts at the time of embarking on the research and developing the knowledge
in specific field. The two main kind of research philosophy includes positivism and
interpretivism.
Interpretivist approach towards the social research will be seen as much more
qualitative by making use of the methods like unstructured interviews and the participant
observation. In this approach individuals are been intricate and seen as complex where the
different kind of people understand and experiences same type of objective reality in many
types and has their own reason to act in the world. It is derived as social action theory that
criticize scientific sociology because most statistics relies on themselves as socially
constructed (Ørngreen and Levinsen, 2017). It is one kind of qualitative method that relies
upon trained researcher as well as human subject as an instrument for measuring the
phenomena and typically includes observation & interviews. It involves the scholar for
interpreting components of a study and thus integrates interest of the human or individual into

the study. This philosophy assume that access to the reality is been made only through the
social constructions like language, shared meanings, instruments and consciousness.
On other note, positivism philosophy is the term that is used for describing an
approach for studying the community that relies on scientific evidence like experiments,
statistics for revealing the true nature in which society operates. It is viewed as the factual
knowledge that is gained through an observation with an inclusion of the measurement that is
trustworthy (Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone, 2018). In this type of
philosophy , the role of the scholar limits to collection of the data and an interpretation in
objective manner. Under this the findings of the research is usually quantifiable and
observable. It depends on the quantifiable observation that result to the statistical assessment
and reflects that the knowledge stems out from the human experiences. It consists of an
atomistic, an ontological view of world as the comprising discrete, events and the
components that interacts in observable, regular determined manner. It usually adopts the
deductive approach and relates to viewpoint that an investigator require concentrating on the
facts. It often includes usage of an existing theory for developing the hypotheses that needs to
be tested during process of research.
In this study researcher has adopted interpretivism philosophy that enables the scholar
to focus on the meanings and might employ the multiple methods for the purpose of
reflecting different aspect of the problem. It helps in developing meaningful conclusion in
relation to equal employment opportunities of women towards an end of research process. It
also helps an investigator to emphasizing on the cross-cultural differences in an enterprise,
leadership, ethics issues and analysis of the factors that impacts leadership could analyse in
detail (Basias and Pollalis, 2018). Further, it helps in generating the primary data with higher
level of the validity as data in such type of studies seen as honest and trustworthy.
Data collection
It is defined as the process of gathering, assessing and measuring accurate insights for
the research by using the standard validates techniques. Researcher could evaluate their
hypotheses based on the data collected. It is counted as primary and most essential step while
preparing for the research report, irrespective of the field on which research is been
conducted. The major approaches or sources through which the research can obtain data or
information are primary and secondary sources (Cuervo‐Cazurra and et.al., 2017). The
crucial aspect of data collection seems as ensuring that an information is rich and the data

gathered is reliable for making statistical analysis so that decisions relating to data driven
could be made for the research. In other words, it is the systematic method in measuring and
obtaining information from several sources for getting an accurate and complete picture of an
interest area. It enables the person or the company for answering relevant questions, making
predictions and evaluating outcomes regarding future probabilities and the trends.
Primary method of the data collection are considered as the first hand or fresh data
gathered by the scholar for first time and is seen as original in the nature. Scholar gathers
such data in case the research issue is unique and the other scholars has not made the research
on that issue (Dźwigoł and Dźwigoł-Barosz, 2018). The result of research are counted more
accurate in case the data is gathered directly by researcher, however, it seems as time-
consuming and costly.
Secondary data of collecting the data means as the data that is already available and
published and is known as the second hand data. This source is seen as less expensive and
easily available, however, authenticity of findings could be questioned. The main sources
through which data is collected under this method includes books, journal, articles and
internet.
As per this research report, data is been gathered by the scholar through the use of
primary as well as secondary sources by structuring questionnaire, conducting survey,
reviewing journal etc. It helps the scholar in framing the study with accuracy as information
is gathered directly from the scholar and chances of manipulation are very little (King and
Mackey, 2016). Secondary method helps in making the primary data more specific through
this the researcher could be able to make out the gaps and the deficiencies so that timely
action can be taken for completing the study within the time frame in consideration to
effective and efficient way. Moreover, these methods helps in executing further steps such as
analysis of the data in efficient manner by providing a deep understanding relating to the
problem and accordingly drawing appropriate conclusions and inferences.
Sampling
It is revealed as the process utilized in the statistics within which a pre-determined
number of the observations are been taken from the larger population. The methodology is
been used for sampling from the large population depending on kind of the assessment that is
being performed but it might include random and systematic sampling. It means the
technique of choosing an individual member or the subset of population in making statistical

inferences from it and estimating the features of overall population. Different sampling
techniques are widely been use by the scholars in the market research so that they do not
reach an entire population for collecting the actionable insights (Ngozwana, 2018). It is also
considered as the time-convenient and the cost effective technique and thus act as basis for
any kind of research design. The sampling techniques could be used in the research survey in
order to get optimum derivation. It is divided into two types that is probability and non-
probability sampling.
Probability sampling means as the technique in which the scholar sets selection of the few
criteria and selects the member of population on a random basis. Under this each and every
member have an equal chance for becoming a part of sample with the selection parameter. It
is the method in which the scholar chooses the sample from entire population bys making use
of the method on the basis of probability theory.
On other side, non-probability sampling means where an investigator chooses the
members for the research on a random basis. This type of sampling technique is not counted
as predefined or fixed in the process of selection. It makes difficult for all components of the
population for having an equal opportunity to be involves in the sample (Tobi and Kampen,
2018). It is the method where odds of any individual being chosen for the sample cannot be
computed. It does not rely on the subjective judgement of a researcher.
In this study, an investigator has used simple random sampling where random portion
of an overall population is selected as the sample which represents an entire data set and
where every member has equal opportunity or probability of getting chosen as the sample. In
this the scholar could create simple random sample by using the methods such as random
draws and lotteries. The sample of 15 women employees of ABC had been taken as the
participant in the research study for generating appropriate findings and conclusion.
Data analysis
It means the practice of systematically applying the statistical and the logical
techniques for describing, illustrating, evaluating and condensing the data. It provides a way
of drawing an inductive inference from the data and differentiating signal from noise that is
present in data. Data analysis in terms of qualitative research could include the statistical
process, many times an analysis become important for ongoing iterative procedure where the
data is constantly gathered and assessed almost in simultaneous manner. Data can be
analysed by using two approaches that is SPSS and thematic analysis.

SPSS is the statistical software that is used by an investigator for performing the
statistical analysis. It is been used for performing quantitative analysis and is used as teh
complete statistical pacakage based on point and the click interface. It has been widely used
by teh scholar in performing the quantitative assessment and deals with solving the problems
that are stated in form of number or numeric values (Murshed and Zhang, 2016). The main
selling point of this software is that it allows teh reseracher in assessing the data without
making use of advanced statistical skills. The software facors the simplicity over the more
complicated and comprehensive range of the tools and features.
Thematic analysis is the tool in which different patters or themes are been prepared in
relation to research problem. It is the popular method for assessing the qualitative data in
several fields and disciplines and could be applied in many ways, lot of the differerent
datasets for addressing different research questions (Wiek and Lang, 2016). It is counted as
one of cluster of teh methods which emphasize on determining patterned meanings around
the dataset. It is found a best thought for setting of the approaches in order to assess
qualitative data that shares the focus or deeper insights on preparing themes in the qualitative
data. Different version of thematic analysis intends to share some of degrees relating to
theoritical flexibility, but could differ enormously in the respect of underlying procedures and
teh philosophy for producing the themes.
In formulating this reserach study, scholar has used thematic analysis tool as it helps
in conducting the qualitative study in useful manner (Basias and Pollalis, 2018). It help in
developing themes relating to equal employment opportunities with respect to women within
the workplace. The participants gives their opinion towards thsese themes for concluding the
study with discussion of the results.
Ethical consideration
It depicts that the researcher had prepared the study in consideration with the moral
and ethical principles. It acts as the most important part of the research study as without
ethical aspects, the study tend to be considered as failure. While framing this study, scholar
has taken utmost care in considering the ethical aspects as they ensure that the respondents
participate voluntarily and has full right to withdraw from study as they wish (Taherdoost,
2016). An investigator make sure that respondents participated based on the informed consent
that includes providing adequate information and the assurances about taking the part for
allowing an individual to understand an implication of the participations and in reaching fully

informed , freely and counted the given decision about whether doing so without exercising
any coercion or the pressure.
Researcher avoided the use of discriminatory, unacceptable or the offensive language
in framing the questionnaire or the focused group related questions. Full consent has been
obtained from participant and protection of privacy of the respondent has been ensured.
Moreover, sufficient level of confidentiality has also been ensured while preparing for the
research report. Anonymity of the company and individuals who participated in research also
been taken into account for formulating the study ethically. Affiliation in any form and the
funding sources along with the chance of interest conflict have also been considered as an
ethical undertaking in the study. Any kind of the communication relating to research has also
been done with transparency & honesty (Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone,
2018). In addition to this, any kind of misleading information and the representation of the
primary data findings in the biased way is avoided. Acknowledgement of the works of the
other authors had been used in theses with attaching Harvard referencing that in turn shows
that the information in the dissertation is been taken from the appropriate or relevant sources.
Validity and reliability
Reliability means the degree to which same answers could be obtained by using same
instruments more than a single time. In simple terminology, in this study researcher indicated
a high level of the reliability then the other investigators require generating same results by
making use of the similar research techniques under the similar consequences (King and
Mackey, 2016). It is seen as the concern in which every time the single observer is seen as
data source and most of the time the issues are closely attached with the subjectivity and once
the scholar adopted subjective approach towards a study then reliability level of work seems
to be compromised.
On other note, validity is stated as an extent to which the requirements of the
scientific method has been followed during practice of generating conclusions. It is the
compulsory need and is mandate for the scholar to consider all the valid aspects in a study.
With respect to this dissertation, an investigator has ensured full validity by choosing an
appropriate time scale and methodology along with the most suitable method of sampling.
The participants are not been pressurized in any way for selecting the particular choices
among answer sets (Mohajan, 2018). It is essential to understand that although the threats in

relation to validity & reliability cannot be eliminated totally, however, the scholars must have
to strive for minimizing such threat as many as possible.
Research limitation
The limitation of study are seen as those features of the design or the methods that
affected or influenced an application or an interpretation of results of the study. They are
been found as the constraints on the generalizability and the utility of the findings which are
result of ways in which the researcher chooses for designing study and method for
establishing external & internal validity (Snyder, 2019). An investigator faced a problem in
framing the aims & objectives in narrowed way as it requires deep research and focus, but by
making proper analysis, suitable aims and objectives are been prepared. Further, execution of
the method for collecting data also poses a limitation as the researcher was not having an
extensive experience in conducting primary research. However, by studying the methods,
proper questionnaire has been prepared by the scholar for getting appropriate results.
As size of the sample depends on nature of research problem, in case the size of
sample is too small, then statistical tests would not be able to determine the significant
relationships among the data set (Cuervo‐Cazurra and et.al., 2017). However, by using
adequate sampling technique that is simple random sampling, proper size of the sample is
been selected so that proper analysis been made.

CHAPTER 4- FINDINGS/ RESULTS
Theme 1: Equal employment opportunities can be fostered
Interpretation: By doing online interview question, it has realized that majority of the
selected women clearly shows that there is no discrimination done at ABC Group because the
firm is actually offering women to occupy good status at higher position. Most of the
interviewee stated that company doing its best in order to ensure that equal opportunities is
provided to men and women without discriminating at any basis. On the other hand, it is also
analysed by the investigator that company main aim is to meet the define target by recruiting
men and women so that it leaves a good impression upon the society and this in turn assist to
show positive impact upon customers as well. Further, selected sample also stated that HR of
ABC Group make fair decision and also craft unbiased policies that also reflected company
keep fostering the equal opportunities.
Theme 2: Women at top position
Interpretation: While performing interview, scholar determine that around more than half of
the respondents are stated that ABC Group, India keep fostering and recruiting women
employees in order to comply with equal opportunity act. Also, majority of interviewee
explain their own views and reflected that ABC Group keep initiate to promote women in
leaders position and that is why, it keep starting a cross- company mentoring programme in
which it identify around 300 highly potential women executives who actually mentoring 45
group of companies. This is clearly reflected that the firm is keep promoting women
employees so that they also show their calibre and abilities in order to create good impact
upon society. Hence, it can be stated that company hire women at top position and this is
direct example that ABC Group keep complying with the equal employment act and in TCS
(firm under ABC) around 30% of seats are occupied by women, in which 11% is of senior
management positions.
Theme 3: Equal employment opportunity can be enhanced
Interpretation: As it is clear that women already occupied the top position and company
also keep working in order to hire women. So while performing interview, it is also explain
that majority of the selected respondents stated that company keep developing new
employment opportunities act for both men and women, even HR and leader of a firm keep

involving employees for decision making process and this is also reflected that company is
implementing best practice which in turn assist to keep employees satisfy. On the other hand,
some of them stated that company for improving equal opportunities, company also focusing
on employee engagement in which ABC Group make sure that there is no discrimination on
any basis. 3 interviewee also stated that company not only promote respect toward the fellow
employees but it creates a friendly open culture with an opportunities so that both men and
women keep contributing their work in order to meet the targets. Hence, it is analysed that
company is keep enhancing the overall working culture and provide best opportunities.
Theme 4: Painful issues perceived by women.
Interpretation: Through an interview, it is clearly reflected that there are some situation
where women think they face issue. Even ABC is keep promoting their women employees
but still there are some situation, where women face issue. Such that majority of them stated
that salary discrepancies based on the gender is the foremost issue which they face because
company never disclose the salary to each other. Also, company offer salaries on the basis of
the worker's abilities, that is why, women affect. While some of the interviewee stated that in
recruitment and hiring practices, they faces entry barrier because in company there are some
position where they think the job profile is suited to men only. In these types of
discrimination creates negative impact upon the environment and this is consider the biggest
issue which affected the overall working environment in opposite manner.
Theme 5: Trends that are more positive towards a future.
Interpretation: With the help of interview, it is stated that as compared to past time, people
and society change their views with regards to job opportunities for women and that is why,
most of the company offered job to women. This shows that there is a positive trend towards
women and that is why, companies also reserve some of the seat or position for women in
order to change the old perception with regards to women. On the other side, some of them
stated that ABC also add in its CSR to focus in the equal opportunities to women so that it
leaves a good impression upon the society. Moreover, by collecting reviews from all the
interviewee, it is examine that views of people is changes towards women and their job and
that is why, most of women start taking responsibility of their personal and professional lives
in an effective manner.
Theme 6: Company offer any promotional opportunities

Interpretation: Almost every respondents clearly reflected that ABC Group provide range of
promotional opportunities to their women employees without any discrimination. Like
“company also create a brigade of 'Women in Blue' in which it focused on the promoting
women employees and other girls so that they may easily attain their dreams”. Other
interviewee stated that recently company appoint Nupur Mallick as a HR officer who is a
long time group employee. This is a clear example which shows that company is working for
gender diversity and a person who have an ability then company keep promoting them. Thus,
it is clearly evaluated that there is no huge difference between the men and women at ABC
Group, as it is operating at global level and that is why, it keep promoting the employees for
showing their performance so that firm promote them and maintain long term relationship as
well.
Theme 7: Fair remuneration policy and equivalent
Interpretation: As per the interview, it is analysed that most of the women employees stated
that company has a fair remuneration but it did not offer the equal pay. It is so because
company have developed a policy in which it is clearly mention that salary is negotiated and
as per the ability, company is providing wages, which is true. As it is not possible for the
company to offer the same range of wages to all employees. That is why, it offer as per the
work, position and abilities. On the other side, some of them stated that company treat all
employees equally and even provide better job opportunities as well. Thus, it can be state that
by offering fair remuneration and treated employees equally will help the firm to meet the
define aim and develop a positive working environment as well.
Theme 8: Flexible working opportunities offered by the firm.
Interpretation: yes, ABC Group definitely offer flexible working time to both men and
women without any discrimination. It is also clearly reflected while conducting interviewee
that company offer the flexible shift timing for women. In addition to this, it also offer the
safe travel arrangement for all the women partners. This is also define that most of the
women employees are happy with the working environment, policies and culture because it
treated both men and women equally so that it do not affect the results in opposite manner. In
addition to this, some of them are also stated that as per the need of women, company is also
provide customized hob opportunities so that the easily balance work as well as home without
any issue. Thus it can be stated that majority of the interviewee are happy with the flexible
working opportunities offered by ABC to both men and women.

Theme 9: Training policy for women
Interpretation: Being a top company at global level, company keep focusing on the training
and development session which in turn help to keep raise the employee performance in better
manner. Such that majority of the respondents stated that company is keep conducting
training practices for the employees whether it is men or women. On the other side, if women
needs any extra training with regards to any subject, company is arrange the training
facilities. While some of them stated that they do not face any issue with regards to training
facilities because or every quarter, HR of the firm keep organizing in order to determine the
loopholes within their performance. So it can be stated that ABC Group have their own rules
and regulation for training but it do not discriminate the people and this in turn help the firm
to sustain the brand image.
Theme 10: Equal opportunities policy to make sure there is no non-discrimination
against women
Interpretation: Through an interview, it is clearly stated that majority of the respondents are
stated that yes, ABC Group keep complying with the different policies related to equal
opportunities. Even as per the guideline and policy it is also clearly mention that company
shall provide equal opportunities to all the employees without discriminating them on the
basis of caste, gender, race, marital status. On the other side, some of them stated that leaders
of a firm are also make sure that they provide dignity and respect to women as well as men in
order to create conducive work environment and it do not tolerate any form of harassment
that is why, it sustain the brand image at international level.
Theme 11: Leaves and growth option offered by the company
Interpretation: yes, majority of the respondents are stated that company is keep providing
parental and maternal leaves to their employees in order to make sure that there is no
discrimination on the basis of caste, gender and race. Even there are many growth options
available because the company is following hierarchical organization structure and that is
why, there are many growth option available. On the other side, some of them stated that
most of the women employees also get extended long leave for maternity and paternity
breaks which in turn assist to manage the personal and professional life in better manner.
Also, it is examine that company offer ABC SCIP which is a platform that help women to
return to a corporate world in their terms. This all clearly reflected that there are many

opportunities available for women at ABC Group and even company do not discriminate the
people on any basis.

CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
While conducting online interview from the 15 respondents, it is clearly examine that
there are various growth options avaialble for the employees and that is why, majority of the
employees enjoy working with ABC group. Also, it is further justifies from the secondary
research in which Singh and Pattanaik (2020) stated that if company promotes equal
opportunities to the employees then it also make sure that employees keep enhancing the
productivity and performance level which in turn assist to improve the financial performance
of a company. Also, it is analysed that by providing equal opportunities at working place to
both men and women, the work environment is free from discrimination against the person
with disabilities. As ABC Group have different policies which clearly reflected business
takes to eliminate and prevent discrimination at workplace.
Also, from next theme of primary data, it is analysed that company also offer high
position to the women such that as per the annual report, it is mention that company reserve
some position and seats for women and this in turn assist to meet the creates positive impact
upon society. Also, most of the interviewee are stated that company keep providing many
opportunities to the women and most of the brand of ABC, women controlling and managing
the entire work. Hence, this is clearly reflected that there company take an initiative in order
to promote women working and this will help to creates positive working environment within
a business. So, it is further reflected by Mishra (2020) under the company is keep fostering
equal opportunities to their people and this in turn assist to meet the define aim and
objectives. Also, there are many act under the equal opportunities so that it will not affect the
results in opposite manner. In the context of ABC group, company is keep focusing in the
diversity and equality practices in which it uses the tools which help to measure a business
takes to eliminate and prevent discrimination at workplace.
In addition to this, from the online interview, it is evaluated that in companies women
also face some painful issues and this in turn affect the overall working environment. Such
that most of the interviewee, stated that they face issue of salary discrepancies because in
most of the area, men earn higher amount as compared to women and this in turn leads to
issue. On the other side, Pradhan (2019) also justifies that the importance of equal
opportunities at workplace is important because when employees are treated equally then the
chances of employee engagement is increases and as a result, loyalty of their employer is also
increases. Therefore, it can be stated that by complying with the laws and regulation,

companies are keep working in positive direction which in turn assist to meet the define
target in a specified tenure. Beside this, ABC group make sure that they offer range of equal
opportunities so that they do not affect the overall working environment of the company in
opposite manner. Also, it is can be stated that some of the interviewee are stated employees
face entry barrier during recruitment strategy. Such that there are chances through which the
company is has to take decision in which they do not hire women employees. But it does not
mean that company is not focusing on the policies and equal opportunities act, that is why, to
keep these things in mind, ABC Group is also leave some places for women so that they
encouraging employees and attract them towards a business.
Therefore, it is clearly examine that by analysing the concept of equal opportunities,
companies are make sure that there is no discrimination within a working environment. It is
so because when companies are start treating differently from the existing employees then it
affect the result as well as performance level of a business too. Noronha and Aithal (2017)
also supported that there is a positive trend towards a women employment because in this
modern era, government and companies are keep focusing on the women and provide them
many opportunities such that equal pay, flexible working hours etc. So, it is analysed that in
future, majority of a higher position is occupied by the women as they have an ability to
manage work and home in better manner. Also, by conducting an online interview, it has
realized that majority of respondent are completely agreed that thinking of a society and
companies is changes towards women as every top company leave some seats for women and
this is clearly shows that companies wants to hire women and men both in order to provide
equal employment opportunities.
In addition to this, from the primary research, it is analysed that ABC steel under
ABC group also launch an initiative to promote the work life balance and that is why, it
reserve the seats of 20% women so that they promote equal opportunities. Also, most of the
respondents are clearly evaluated that company keep offering promotional opportunities to
women and men, but it is depend upon the abilities and skills of an employee. Moreover, it is
also reflected by Rai (2018) that if companies offer range of promotion opportunities to their
workers then they will definitely lead to cause positive impact upon the business. That is
why, companies like ABC Group keep providing new platform which in turn assist to meet
the define aim. Also, ABC SCIP is another platform that keep providing new opportunities to
women so that they again start entering into corporate world. That is why, the women
employees of quoted firm also stating the same in confident manner. Like, it mainly focus on

to create a culture of belongingness at a workplace so that employees of a firm feel valued.
Therefore, from the last five years, number of women are working in ABC and it also
increases the percentage i.e. 29% in financial year 2019. So, it is evaluated that when the
company provide the seats to women then it leave a positive impression upon them.
On the other hand, by complying with equal opportunities, it also make sure that it
provide fair remuneration but in the policy of company, it is mention to offer the salary on the
basis of ability of an employee so that it will not cause any negative impact upon business
performance. Therefore, it is also analysed by conducting primary research that majority of
respondent from online interview that though company provide fair wages but there is a
fluctuation within a salaries and this is due to capabilities and position. Chithambaram and
Rajendran (2020) also supported that when the pay gap is increases then it affect the results
in negative manner like performance of the company is decreases and this somehow leads to
creates conflicts. Further, company keep take care of their employees performance and make
sure that ABC provide range of services and facilities to their employees so that it do not
affect the results in opposite manner. Such that flexible working is consider the best option to
keep employees motivating and that is why, it make sure that it provide all the necessary
things to their workers.
It is also proves under the primary research when investigator ask question and
analysed that majority of the interviewee are clearly agree that they offer the flexible working
option for those women who needs to manage the work and home both. These flexibility
within a working hours help to motivating employees that the company care about
themselves and that is why, it help to manage the challenges. As in many companies it is
analysed that there are many issue which women face at working environment such that
sexual harassment, salary issue etc. But by analysing the same, ABC group make sure that
company do not affected in negative manner that is why, it has to make sure that it keep
providing new and equal opportunities to men and women without any discrimination.
Neunsinger and Warrier (2020) also share their views and stating that in top companies, they
must sure that employee policies and practices shall be administrated in an effective manner
so that it reflected equal opportunity is provided to all the employees without any
discrimination. In the same way, quoted firm also keep trying to comply with the equal
opportunities and that is why, it develop the range of policies and strategies in order to meet
with the define aim.

Das (2019) also argued that there is a need to keep motivating employees and this is
possible when the working environment and culture of a firm is positive. Thus, it can be
stated that not only motivation helps to keep engaging employees within a business. But
there is a need to make sure that all the policies develop by the firm should not cause any
negative impact upon business and this in turn help to keep attracting range of employees
towards a business. That is why, ABC Group keep ensuring that their employees are happy
within a business working environment and leader of a firm also complying with equal
opportunities act so that each and every employees of a company is ready to support a
business. Further, company also thinks that a firm is offering new opportunities to women in
order to promote them and provide a learning option within a business is consider a good
option that in turn leads to improve the overall performance of a firm.
Omvedt (2017) also supported by stating that though company provide range of
opportunities but there is a need to make sure that they do not face any issue within a
company. For that managers and leader of the firm should be friendly and this in turn assist to
generate the growth option for the firm. Moreover, ABC is also looking for many option that
in turn provide healthy and safety working environment to the employees so that they happily
live within a firm and this in turn assist to increase the productivity of a firm which in turn
leads to develop brand image at international level. Thus, it reflect that by promoting men
and women at the working area, company attract new candidate towards a firm and this in
turn assist to provide the range of option for the company's growth. So, ABC is also take an
initiative in order to promote women that help to creates good impression upon society.
Constant and et.al., (2020) justifies that, the company tends to offer flexible working
hours to the company. A flexible work schedule is considered to be useful because it helps
the employees in providing high degree of flexibility to choose their own working hours to
complete all the task in a systematic and reliable manner. Offering flexible working hours to
the employees is useful in improving and boosting up the morale of the employees. It leads to
high degree of physical and mental well being of the individuals. When the employees of the
organization tends to work from home it significantly less tiredness and also helps in
reducing the risk of the fatigue. Women employees are happy with the working environment,
policies and culture because it treated both men and women equally. Flexible shift times are
significantly available to both men women of the company. Safe travel arrangements are also
available to the women and other staff of the company for their safety measures. This leads to
high degree of job satisfaction among the employees which is significant in maintaining the

work life balance. It improves the motivation level of the employees within the organization
and leads to higher morale and operational performance. Providing flexibility to the
employees of the organization helps in reducing the stress and burnout within the
organization to reduce the impact associated with the toxic workplace culture. It is significant
in enhancing efficiency of the employees and is useful in reducing absenteeism.
In addition to this, it is further analysed by Htun and Jensenius (2020) that, the
company have a training policy that covers all the employees including men and women. The
company focuses on continuously giving training to the employees of the ABC Group. The
company is complying with the training and development sessions helps in improving the
skills and capabilities of the employees to perform the task in an appropriate manner to attain
higher operational goals. Company also arranges specific training facilities for the employees
who miss out of training sessions or needs additional training related with the specific task or
programme. The human resource and operational team of the ABC Group tends to
continuously identify any set of loopholes within the performance of the employees. The
ABC Group company has their own set of specific rules and regulations to carry out the
training. All the employees of the organization has access to the training sessions which helps
in improving the productivity and profitability of the company and also helps in sustaining
the brand image. The training programs is useful in strengthening the key skills which is
useful in improving the morale of the company. The training and development sessions is
useful in bringing all the employees at high level who tends to improve specific set of
knowledge and skills. Complying with the training and development sessions helps the top
management of the company to determine any weak links which helps in relying heavily on
the basic set of work tasks to improve the performance to carry out any specific task.
As Guillaume and Kirton (2020) stated that, the company comply with the equal
opportunities policy to make sure non- discrimination against any type of demographic group
including women. Equal opportunities to all the employees has been provided without
discriminating them on the basis of caste, gender, race, marital status. The company ensures
that all the employees of the company works with compete dignity and respect. The
management of the ABC Group company tends to create a conducive work environment and
it do not tolerate any form of harassment. This way it helps in sustaining the brand image of
the organization at an international level. Equal employment opportunity is useful in
reducing the potential barriers which tends to prevent the individual to progress within the
specific workplace environment. The equal employment opportunity policy helps the ABC

Group company to be safeguarded by the various number of the anti- discrimination laws on
the state and federal level. It helps the employees of the company to work in an equal and
fairly manner. This is useful in increasing the level of satisfaction, loyalty and commitment of
the employees within the organization. Equal opportunity policy is considered to be useful in
retaining and attracting the best quality employees which is useful in the creation of the
positive set of work environment. It also leads to increased performance reduce the risk of
legal action to improve the business performance.
Swarnalatha and Anuradha, (2017) established the fact that, equal parental, other
leaves and growth options has been given to all the employees of the organization. ABC
Group company is providing parental and maternal leaves to their employees in order to
make sure that there is no discrimination on the basis of caste, gender and race. Women
employees of the organization also get extended long leave for maternity and paternity breaks
which in turn assist to manage the personal and professional life in better manner. Large
degree of opportunities are available to the women of the ABC Group company without any
discrimination. High degree of growth opportunities are available to both men and women
within the organization. The company significantly use the hierarchical structure which is
useful for the employees to move up the career ladder within the organization. An effective
leave management system helps in increasing the satisfaction level of the employees and also
helps in reducing and eliminating the unexplained absenteeism within the organization.
These breaks helps in re- energising the employees. These leaves is significant in boosting
the productivity and morale of the employees. Proper set of maternity leave help women
employee to protect and develop the child by taking proper care. However, equal
opportunities within the workplace and no discrimination should be made between the men
and women at the workplace. This leads to high degree of operational efficiency ad
productivity.

CHAPTER 6- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
The above study summarizes that equal employment related opportunity counted as
the critical aspect which reflects that all the employees working in the premises has the equal
right for participating in all types of work freely. It promotes that every person has an equal
right whether it is men or the women employee. Multinational corporations develops policy
in relation to providing equal opportunities to the women in the work premises. The study
showed that most of the MNCs has reported with an issue of gender inequality or not treating
women as equal to men (Schmidt, 2017). Due to this the act has been introduced named as
Anti discrimination so that the firm does not adopt any kind of discriminative practices and
the women could comfortably work without facing unfair practices relating to unequal pay,
unequal opportunities, long working hours, work pressure, less leave benefits etc.
It has also been analysed that the constitution of the India emphasized on preventing
and safeguarding an individual's interest in the company. Equal opportunity Act has also been
introduced so that the women can work independently and their right is been protected. The
foundations are been set up with respect to this research issue like digital empowerment
foundation that mainly emphasize in promoting the inclusive work related environment that
accepts the people from diverse culture and develops a social background for the workers
within the firm. These foundations and the policies seem as the key guidelines for the
company that helps the women employee to work with equal opportunity and right that the
men is having.
In highly global business world, it becomes as a critical part for all the firms to
provide the women employees with an equal chance so that they could achieve higher success
and growth in an entire industry and the market. It would lead to improvement in the
productivity of the company as the employees work works with interest and dedication. This
also helps the firm in completing the targets on time or within the specified period. Further, it
has been indicated that this research issue is important as it directly adds to goodwill of an
entity within a competitive market (Mohanty, wain and Besra, 2018). It is the fact that if an
entity hires more of the women employees then working environment of an entity enhanced.
This results to spreading of a positive & good environment and workforce would be working
with full efficacy and high morale.

It has been articulated that by recruiting more of the women workers, management of
business improves as they tend to be serious towards their work and works in a better way. It
has also been accounted that the company faces various problems or the challenges while
managing with the problem of gender inequality as like it is difficult for the firm to deal with
the people coming from diverse cultures and backgrounds and also framing adequate policies.
From the data analysis section it has been concluded that majority of the respondent
from an interview stated that ABC Group have started an initiative to recruit women so that
they creates a positive impression upon the competitor and society. Also, company keep
promoting employees without any discrimination on gender basis and this is clearly reflected
that majority of the employees are happy with the working environment of the company. On
the other hand, fro the primary research it has been further concluded that there are some
painful issues which a women faces such that variation in salary because company have its
own policy in which it is mention to offer wages on the basis of capabilities and skills. Thus,
this makes a difference between the employees and that is why, it affected the overall
working environment in opposite manner.
Moreover, it is also concluded that company provide equal parental leaves to the
employees whether they are men and women so this is reflected that company do care about
their employees and that is why, they make sure that it follow the equal opportunities act
made by government. Also, study concluded that different opportunities are also provide by
company to all employees without any discrimination which is clearly stated that it keep
focusing on the employees needs so that they maintain positive working environment. Also,
there is a positive trend which clearly reflected that policies develop by company is suitable
for employees and even there is a fair remuneration to all employees that help to meet the
define aim. Further it has been concluded that there are different flexibility working
opportunities are offered by the company because ABC provide flexibility working hours to
their employees without any discrimination. On the others side, while conducting primary
research it has been concluded all the selected respondent are completely agree that there are
effective training session provided by the company without any discrimination on the basis of
men and women.
Thus, it has been clearly reflected that company put their all effort in order to make
women at top position. Hence, it also keep providing their employees a proper working area
which in turn assist to meet the define task with a specific tenure. Also, respondents further
stated that ABC add parental leaves in their leave policy that assist to make sure that an

organization perform their best which in turn leads a firm to meet the define aim. Overall, it
can be stated that with the help of effective policies and analysing the trend, company is able
to satisfy the need of employees and this in turn help to provide the range of opportunities
within a firm as well. So, it has been clearly examine from the entire dissertation that by
providing equal opportunity to men and women, company also sustain the brand image at
different level by enhancing the base of customers as well as employees too.
Recommendations
For the purpose of overcoming the challenges, it is important for the firm to provide
proper education to their personnel regarding the gender discrimination and teaching them to
deal with such situation in appropriate manner. The women within the workplace who feels
that they are facing or experiencing inequality & discrimination at workplace must talk about
such issue openly and must report it to its supervisor timely so that they could see to it and
can take necessary solutions for educating all the managers and cause of such behaviour so
that it might not be repeated.
Managers must show a healthy and positive attitude towards women in the premises
so that it could be set as an example for overall firm to behave in the manner that reflects
respect, dignity to all the workers and treating everyone fairly and equally irrespective of
their gender. This kind of behaviour helps the firm in overcoming or resolving the problem of
equal opportunity to the women employees. It will also help in respectfully treating each and
every employee that would become mother and making them feel as secure and comfortable
at the time taking leave.
Companies require enforcing and create the policies that protects the women when
they become as victim of the discrimination and sexual harassment. The firm must diligently
transform its corporate culture into the one that respects all the employees, irrespective of the
gender and make the harassment as socially unacceptable (Wiek and Lang, 2016). They must
go beyond the forced compliance as full for eliminating the issues related to gender
inequality.
Sometimes women workers also feels that they are not been getting a support of their
respective co-workers. Due to this they feel as lack of the support form their colleagues and
feels like they are not the part of an organization's family and this embraces a culture biases
in workplace. Therefore, for overcoming such issue or challenges company or ,managers

must build a healthy environment and must take timely feedback from the women employees
regarding what they feel and are comfortable in working with the other peers.
An entity must seek an employer with strong ethics towards the women within the
workplace who knows the way to value inclusion and the diversity. Women must be offered
with flexible working hours so that they could be able to maintain a balance between personal
and work life in effective way (Murshed and Zhang, 2016). They must be offered with new
networks and the opportunities so that they could learn new things and can explore their
Knowledge appropriately.
The firm should delegate responsibility and empower women in order to make them
feel as leader and this would not lead to a problem of gender equality at workplace.
Moreover, the women workforce must be facilitated with appropriate maternity leave benefits
so that they do not have any kind of fear regarding losing their jobs.
Proper safety measures and arrangements must be made for women employees who
are working in pregnancy and must be given with proper breaks and rest room facilities so
that they can work without any risk or fear.

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Appendix
Questionnaire
Name:
Age:
1. How women think that equal employment opportunity can be fostered?
Interviewee 1: “how can we do not know about equal employment opportunities because our
company perform the same. So I can say that yes, equal employment opportunity can be
fostered
Interviewee 2: I think yes, it can be fostered and this will help to sustain the brand image of
a firm.
2. Does company offer high position to women?
Interviewee 1: Yes, because in my company most of the women are hired and this reflect
that Company do their best for women and keep the competitive realize that women should
also offer all the opportunities”
Interviewee 2: Why not..!! I think company also think for the women welfare and this is also
reflected from the Board of Director’s seating criteria.
3. How do you think that equal employment opportunity can be enhanced in your company?
Interviewee 1: As company offer a chance to women and my opinion regards to your
question is by developing employment opportunities for both men and women.
Interviewee 2: I think that ABC should focus on employee engagement so that there will be
no discrimination and this will help to enhance company equal opportunities.
4. What are some of the most painful issues as you perceive?
Interviewee 1: I personally felt salary issue in ABC company which is really painful because
one of my colleague share the same position but company offer high salary which is very
hurtful
Interviewee 2: I think recruitment strategies of ABC is quite boarded and long and even the
selecting criteria is also not good and that is why, I realize the same when I go through the

entire process.
5. What are some of the trends that you see may be more positive towards the future?
Interviewee 1: I suggest that focusing on CSR will be beneficial because if company do for a
society then society will definitely pay back.
Interviewee 2: I think company should hire women and set an equal criteria for a men and
women which help to leve a positive impact upon others.
6. Has company offer any promotional opportunities to you?
Interviewee 1: Yes, when I finish the define goal, company offer monetary benefit which I
think is the best offer and also promote me for upper position.
Interviewee 2: I provide a real initiative which company use “company also create a brigade
of 'Women in Blue' in which it focused on the promoting women employees and other girls
so that they may easily attain their dreams”. This reflect ABC perform its best in order to
meet the define aim.
7. Does the company have a fair remuneration policy and equivalent?
Interviewee 1: yeah…why not… but it develop a policy where it is written to offer salary on
the basis of abilities.
Interviewee 2: no… I am not agree because there is a huge salary variation in between we
all.
8. Does the company offer flexible working hours to you?
Interviewee 1: ABC offer flexible working hours to all women whenever there is an urgency
and I hope you get what you want.
Interviewee 2: completely agree...but it is not always
9. Does the company have a training policy that covers all the employees including men and
women?
Interviewee 1: yes… even I personally realized when any men or women require additional
time for training, company do offer the same.
Interviewee 2: No need to tell about this…. Because ABC never discriminate the people on

any basis.
10. What are the company's equal opportunities policy to make sure non- discrimination
against any type of demographic group including women?
Interviewee 1: company define a position in board of director for women is the best thing
which reflect it never discriminate on the basis of people gender.
Interviewee 2: I feel that it focus upon dignity and respect upon women and never harass on
any basis.
11. Do you get equal parental, other leaves and growth option which men get?
Interviewee 1: No doubt on this because company offer all opportunities to their people
whether it is regarding leaves, compensation or anything other
Interviewee 2: I always get equal leaves and there are some situation where company offer
women extra leaves as well.