Work Stress and Employee Health: A Multidisciplinary Review

This article provides a multidisciplinary review on work stress and its impact on employee health. It discusses the causes and consequences of occupational stress and highlights the need for further research in this area. The review also explores the relationship between job stress and job performance, emphasizing the negative effects of stress on employee morale and productivity.

RUNNING HEADER: Criminal Law
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Literature review
Source: Ganster, D. C., & Rosen, C. C. (2013). Work stress and employee health: A
multidisciplinary review. Journal of management, 39(5), 1085-1122.
According to this article, Stress at both well and low paying jobs is known as occupational stress.
The main rational revolving around the domain is that workplace activities have various
requirements and that challenges in meeting these demands can result in employee illness and
psychological distress. This is a hugely problematic issue for workers and firms as it can bring
about burnout, illness, labor turnover, employee absenteeism, lower their morale. In general, this
leads to minimal efficiency and employee performance levels.
According to Ganster & Rosen (2013 stress usually arise when the individual tax or available
resources exceed as appraised by the employees existing. Stress occurring to employees makes
them vulnerable and literally forgets all the strategies involved in stress management.
In both the well-paying jobs and low paying jobs, the work environment emerges as a
conceivably critical source of stress absolutely on account of the measure of time that is spent in
this setting. However, the stress normally exceeds the time involved in the workplace. Regarding
the existing financial security and various opportunities for employee growth, the strain to
perform frequently makes the work possibly distressing.
Stress in the workplace environment has over the years be of much concern to top-level
managers. In several workgroups, it has become quite an epidemic. In the US the well-paying
jobs such as health care professionals and recreational directors have been deemed as the most
prone jobs with high workplace stress (Nieuwenhuijsen, Bruinvels, & Frings-Dresen,2010
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RUNNING HEADER: Criminal Law
Consequently there are contrasts among Japan and the United States, concerning business-related
stress, likely is because of the social contrasts that exist inside the workplaces.
What laborers in a single nation see as stress, specialists in the other nation may not see as
unpleasant? Also, the job desires in particular work settings are probably going to contrast
between the two nations. Shockingly, there exist constrained research and publications regarding
the comparison of work stress cultures within the workplace.
Abnormal amounts of stress may likewise result in expanded staff turnover, increased accidental
event rates, increasingly physical sick wellbeing, progressively mental sick wellbeing, and
worker absenteeism. Non-attendance specifically has turned into a noteworthy worry in
industrialized nations in view of its prudent outcomes. For example, sickness absenteeism figures
demonstrate that the loss of working days for the industry in the US adds up to about 550 million
(3– 7%) every year and for the UK this figure is 3.7% of the all-out number of working days.
There is a need to do future research on this comparison
Source: Karakas, F. (2010). Spirituality and performance in organizations: A literature review.
Journal of business ethics, 94(1), 89-106.
Introduction and overview: According to this article Stress and occupation burnout additionally
are identified with explicit requests of work, including over-burden, varieties in the remaining
task at hand, job strife, and job uncertainty. Laborers who see an abnormal state of pressure and
coming about occupation burnout have poor adapting reactions.
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RUNNING HEADER: Criminal Law
In addition absence of employment fulfillment, which regularly disintegrates responsibility to the
association and leads to higher turnover.
Typically Karakas, (2010) clarified on the basis that workplace problems ought to be identified
as production challenges to acquire the required economic gains. The continuous reminders of
key work design include employee suffering, economic losses such as lowering productivity
levels, maximized cost incurred in medical expenses, various workers compensation and other
existing work environment liabilities. The stress affects planning of work activities, time, safety
policies and the available control advanced technologies
Karakas, (2010) expressed strongly that workplace health experts and those individuals focusing
on medical situation identify the fact that the cost of stress is huge. Clearly, work-related
stressful issues are seen to comprise of the tremendous health problem in the UK for both the
high and low paying jobs.
Its estimated cost per year is 4 billion Euros.
2.2. How Stress is caused
The signs of stress in workers can be seen in their behaviors especially their workplace
behavioral changes. Some of the acute responses are as a result of anxiety in job positions,
depression, and irritability and fatigue levels resulting from a lot of work with relatively low pay.
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RUNNING HEADER: Criminal Law
Changes in employee behavior revolve around being unmotivated through wages, low
concentration and low problem-solving abilities (Lang, Ochsmann, Kraus, T., & Lang, 2012).
The execution of a compelling systematic program takes acquires experience and will without a
doubt include some experimentation of trial and error. This paper discusses various articles by
following the advancement of laborers' pay, inspecting a few milestone cases—in which
offended parties have won and lost—that have set up guidelines and offering a five-point
program to enable directors to manage the legitimate issues encompassing stress.
Stress at Work
Occupation stress can cause physical sickness and mental unsettling influence with
psychosomatic just as physical changes. While stress is an inescapable piece of living and
working, excessive one costs allot in illness, low productivity and also maximized employee
personal problems.
Future Biomedical researchers portray the circumstances and end results of stress as a numerical
relationship. On the off chance that they locate a high connection be tween's work over-burden
and extreme quality deformities, at that point, they contend, there is a high likelihood that
decreasing the remaining burden will diminish the imperfections.
Methodology
The word related scores on physical and mental sick wellbeing and employment fulfillment are
taken from an investigation into organization related stress through utilizing the ASSET stress
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RUNNING HEADER: Criminal Law
questionnaire. In any case, a concise diagram of the estimation device is important to give reader
in several sets in which the workplace information has been assembled (Nielsen, Tangen, Idsoe,
Matthiesen, & Magerøy,2015). This design was concocted as a short stress assessment apparatus
which can be finished rapidly and effectively by all workers in an association and all things
considered is intended to be utilized in the principal period of a two-stage pressure hazard
appraisal (the second stage appearing as an increasingly itemized examination of the "issue
zones" of an association as distinguished by high-stress scores on ASSET). Since ASSET is a
copyrighted survey it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to imitate it completely. In
any case, The elements of much interests for this paper are:
(1)High and lowing paying job stress" which associates profoundly with the Warr (1990) work
fulfillment scale and all things considered is accounted for here as a valuable sign of dimensions
of employment fulfillment.
2."Physical Health";
3."Mental Well-being".
This ASSET methodology has been utilized as a pressure estimation instrument in more than 26
associations bringing about a huge dataset of more than 25,000 people incorporating a wide
range of occupation types. This empowers the immediate correlation of announced feelings of
anxiety at a word related dimension. Twenty-six distinct occupations were chosen for this paper,
every one of which is positioned on their physical wellbeing, mental prosperity, and employment
fulfillment scores. This empowers the occupations to be thought about, giving data on which
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RUNNING HEADER: Criminal Law
occupations are detailing the most abnormal amounts of pressure and the least dimensions of
employment fulfillment.
Source: Beehr, T. A. (2014). Psychological stress in the workplace (psychology revivals).
Routledge.
This paper gives information on the rank order of occupations in connection to job fulfillment
and the experience of negative stress results and also permits the evaluation of "high" and "low”
paying stress occupations (Peters et al, 2014). Albeit a few recommendations have been made to
clarify the discoveries, a full investigation of the applicable stressors for a specific occupation
hasn't endeavored. A past examination into high-hazard occupations is overall bolstered with
occupations recently portrayed as reporting high feelings of anxiety and stress. Further work on
the ASSET database, including the investigation of the specific stressors most applicable to
singular occupations, is in progress and will be accounted for in resulting papers.
According to Beehr (2014) Stress is a noteworthy contributing component to corporate
wastefulness, high staff turnover, non-attendance, diminished quality, and amount yield and
expanded human services cost for staff. Researchers led an exploration to inspect the foundations
for burnout among the essential low and well-paying jobs. In this exploration, the author
discovered that burnout negatively affects the execution of employee duties. Also, as per the
examination led by Beehr (2014) stress influence the execution of the workers. For this work
stress research, Munali gathered information from 300 employee participants from low and well-
paying jobs and discovered that stressful participants have high work absenteeism of physical
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RUNNING HEADER: Criminal Law
ailments. As per Beehr (2014) literature research work, while workplace results are numerous
and changed, they share one normal element. Stress cost workplace cash as Tetrick, & Winslow
(2015). Notice that the stress experienced by the workers throughout their life will in general
decrease the overall performance of the workers job activities. This thus affects the performance
levels of the entire organization. Concurring to Tetrick & Winslow, (2015). Work related stress
issue is huge problems for employees as they result to minimal productivity and other challenges
in the future are a challenge for managers and abnormal state of occupational stress lead to low
efficiency and other representative issues. The author further referred that businesses should
figure out how to address the issues of job stress since it gravely effects on employee
performance.
Source: Literature
review
Method and
methodology
Literature findings Research short comes
: Karakas, F. (2010).
Spirituality and
performance in
organizations: A
literature review.
Journal of business
ethics, 94(1), 89-106.
1000 industry
employees
Increase in the
workload operations
results to increased
employee stress level,
and high blood
pressure
Only for the developed
nations thus not
applicable to all
Source: Beehr, T. A.
(2014). Psychological
stress in the workplace
(psychology revivals).
Routledge.
110 workers working a
t relatively low paying
jobs in California. This
includes social workers
and cleaners
The job stress results to
subjective impacts like
fear, anxiousness,
anger to workers. This
hence brings about low
mental and
psychological wellbeing
The literature review
source only focus on
job stress as the
identified factor
influencing job
performance. Some
other correlating
factors are not
considered hence the
need to carry put
further future research
Source: Ganster, D. C.,
& Rosen, C. C. (2013).
Work stress and
employee health: A
1100 employees as
participants working in
insurance firms
The negative
correlation existing
between low paying
job and workplace
Budgetary
shortcomings. Thus the
need to identify a
convenient and timely
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RUNNING HEADER: Criminal Law
multidisciplinary
review. Journal of
management, 39(5),
1085-1122.
performance indicates
that the job stress
arising decreased the
morale and
performance of
individual worker
sampling technique for
other future research
References
Beehr, T. A. (2014). Psychological stress in the workplace (psychology revivals). Routledge.
Ganster, D. C., & Rosen, C. C. (2013). Work stress and employee health: A multidisciplinary
review. Journal of management, 39(5), 1085-1122.
Karakas, F. (2010). Spirituality and performance in organizations: A literature review. Journal of
business ethics, 94(1), 89-106.
Lang, J., Ochsmann, E., Kraus, T., & Lang, J. W. (2012). Psychosocial work stressors as
antecedents of musculoskeletal problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis of
stability-adjusted longitudinal studies. Social science & medicine, 75(7), 1163-1174.
Nielsen, M. B., Tangen, T., Idsoe, T., Matthiesen, S. B., & Magerøy, N. (2015). Post-traumatic
stress disorder as a consequence of bullying at work and at school. A literature review
and meta-analysis. Aggression and violent behavior, 21, 17-24.
Nieuwenhuijsen, K., Bruinvels, D., & Frings-Dresen, M. (2010). Psychosocial work environment
and stress-related disorders, a systematic review. Occupational medicine, 60(4), 277-286.
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RUNNING HEADER: Criminal Law
Peters, L., Cant, R., Sellick, K., O'Connor, M., Lee, S., Burney, S., & Karimi, L. (2012). Is work
stress in palliative care nurses a cause for concern? A literature review. International
Journal of Palliative Nursing, 18(11), 561-567.
Tetrick, L. E., & Winslow, C. J. (2015). Workplace stress management interventions and health
promotion. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 2(1), 583-603.
Appendix
Some of the sampling methods needed for this research include;
 Surveys
 Online periodicals
 Questionnaires to employees who are the main participants
Sample of questionnaires
1. How many times do you absent work?
2. Are you contented with your organization’s monthly salary?
3. What are the major causes of stress when carrying out duties?
4. How many times do you get sick as a result of stress illness in an year?
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