Development of psychosocial skills in children

Running head: ESSAY
Child Development
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author’s name

1ESSAY
Development of psychosocial skills in children
Developmental psychosocial is the scientific research of life-long modifications that
happen in humans. The development stages start from the when a baby is born till the stage of
their death. Childhood is a moment of a tremendous changeover, but as a child enters the
adulthood phase, they continue to grow steadily and develop. It is a method with a sequential
procession that is constant. Three types of development occur in children between the ages of
two and five years: physical growth, cognitive development and psychosocial development. The
psychosocial development phases of Erikson are focused on the psychosexual hypothesis of
Freud. Erikson stated that by learning behaviours, thoughts, and abilities at each point of growth,
the ego provides beneficial contributions to growth. The purpose of this essay is to make students
understand the critical aspects of psychosocial development that occur in children between the
ages of two and five years (2-5 years), and what influences this development.
The term psychosocial means various stages of human life that are affected by different
environmental factors. Erik Erikson, a psychologist, working in the field of developmental
psychology and psychoanalysis, had a hypothesis that from infancy to mortality, humankind
moves through eight distinct phases. Erikson proposed that an individual must finish different
objectives at each of these eight phases in an attempt to improve himself/herself with an
excellent psychological manner. Conflicts and implications create these objectives. According to
Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, all the eight stages are essential in an individual’s
life from infancy to old age. Each phase in the hypothesis of Erikson draws on the previous
aspects and paves the manner for subsequent developmental stages. Erikson thought that
individuals are experiencing a war in each phase that acts as a starting point in growth. Erikson

2ESSAY
also believed that a feeling of authority motivates attitudes and behaviour. Each stage in
Erikson’s hypothesis is about competence in a lifestyle region. The individual will experience a
sense of mastery if the phase is treated well, which is sometimes referred to as ego power or ego
value. If the stage is poorly controlled, the individual will arise in that part of growth with a
feeling of inadequacy. According to the case study, it is seen that Andrew is a 2.5 year age kid.
According to the Child and Family Health Nurse Andrew is meeting all his developmental
milestones properly and will be more competent as he grows up though it is seen that toilet
training is an issue for Andrew. Also, it was observed that Andrew was able to communicate in
four or five words through which he could express his needs. This helped his parents Maria and
Tom understand the needs of Andrew, and that helped in fulfilling the requirements.
Toilet training is a step in the development and a task for families and kids. It’s one of the
child’s first stages in becoming self-sufficient. Eventually, all kids will begin to obtain the
required learning, but the challenge engaged is a significant problem for families and creates
household disputes (Azrin& Foxx, 2019). Toilet training is affected by variables such as
physiology, psychology and socio-culture. It is the duty of a parent or the childcare members to
train the kid for toilet training to help the child in building their autonomy. There are specific
steps which if taken, can help the child receive proper toilet training and receive as they grow.
Many parents are uncertain when to begin teaching in the toilet.
Not all children are fully prepared around the same age, so watching the kid for
indications of urgency, like halting an activity for a couple of seconds or holding his or her
diaper, is essential (Azrin& Foxx, 2019). A child can be taught for toilet training when the child
has stopped working on something and shows an indication that he/she wants to visit the toilet.
The parent must guide their child to remove their clothes and go to the bathroom. If they’re