Essay - Bowel Diseases | Assignment

ESSAY
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ESSAY
Bowel disease usually involves two major disease named as Crohn’s disease and
Ulcerative colitis which occurs due to inflammation or infection in the digestive tract,
intestine and anus. These diseases are type of long lasting and involves prolonged
deterioration in the condition of the person (Halfvarson, 2017). This discussion focuses on
the different aspects related to the CD and UC such as their pathophysiology, aetiology and
anatomy to get the better understanding about the disease from the view of the scientific
researches. It gives the data about the prevalence of these diseases across the globe. It
explains how the lower gastrointestinal tract is affected due to the infection. It also discusses
about the diagnostic methods that can be used to detect the infection and further
acknowledgment with the several different treatment interventions that can be incorporated in
the plans to treat the patients with the bowel diseases.
It has been studied that the prevalence of the bowel disease is quite common and
global. There are several studies that has been conducted to observe the impact of the bowel
dieses on different set of population across the world. In a similar study it was recorded that
the Europe and North America has most cases with 0.5 percent in Norway followed by the
0.3 percent in Germany and 0.28 percent in USA and 0.31 percent in Canada. Nova Scotia in
Canada has been recorded to have the highest number of patients (Benchimol, 2017). It has
been found out that the second-generation immigrant is at higher risk of getting disease then
the first generations immigrants. A study based on population showed that the immigrant
from South Asia had lower incidences of bowel disease. According to the CCF in America it
has been noted that there are around 7 lakhs cases on inflammatory bowel disease. The
infected patients usually fall in the age of group of 13 to 18 years and is often diagnosed in
the childhood or adolescence. Adherence to treatments and medications prescribed by the
doctors i s
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Bowel Diseases
CD and UC
4-1-2020

ESSAY
characterized as the mechanism by which patients take their medicine. Crohn's disease
became more prevalent in northern nations, with higher incidence also increasing in northern
regions of those nations. The prevalence of Crohn's disease is believed to be higher in Europe
but lower throughout Asia and Africa. It has a greater prevalence among the smokers. While
non-adherence diagnosis is a prevalent issue in chronic diseases, with an incidence of 50
percent in industrialized countries and is much worse in developing nations. (Ng, 2017).
Crohn’s disease or inflammation occurs in the colon and the small intestine. It also
affects the digestive tract as well as gastrointestinal abbreviated as GI tract which starts from
moth and ends at the anus. Hence, covering the major system in the human body. The range
varies from mild to chronic depending on the earliness of the diagnostic and proper treatment
methods. It can be life threatening as well as it affects the body for a longer period of time
and the medication process requires enough time to heal the infection (Feuerstein, 2017).
There are several factors that causes the Crohn’s disease however the major ones include,
gene, immune system working and the external environmental factors. However, smoking,
age, infection in the rectum are additional factors which converts the disease to a chronic one.
CD is usually developed due to the action of pathogens such as bacteria virus and fungi. The
symptoms involve diarrhoea, stomach ache, rashes and anaemia. It is not an autoimmune
disease but the immune system is affected greatly by the attack of pathogens. When
colonoscopy was performed on the patients with the CD, it was studied that the inflammation
which is caused in this disease is transmural in nature in short it affects the intestinal walls
deeply. Ulcer formation is also observed in the critical cases. The biopsies on the bowel or
intestinal tissue showed that the mucosa is highly infected due to the permeation of
neutrophils which causes infection in the epithelium causing the formation of blisters
(Bernstein, 2017). Ulcerative colitis is the condition which results in the formation of ulcers
and sores in the colon and rectum. The cause of the UC is still unknown but the potential
factors involves misfunctioning of the immune system, changes in the healthy bacteria found
in the gut and genetic factors. The symptoms usually involve bloody diarrhoea and severe
pain in abdominal area. the critical and severe cases can result in formation of tumours in the
colon which can result in cancer. While studying the pathophysiology of the UC it was
recorded that the presence of hydrogen sulphide gas which is toxic in nature is found int the
gut which is released due to increase in the amount of sulphate reducing bacteria
(Baumgart, 2017). The additional symptoms include bleeding while pooping, tenesmus,
bowel movement of less than four time a day in the case of mild effect of infection whereas
in severe cases it causes more than ten times a day. UC has been classified into several
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