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(Solved) Essay on Mental Health Nursing

   

Added on  2021-05-30

8 Pages2941 Words111 Views
Mental Health – Nursing1

Introduction:In this essay, Schizophrenia is being discussed based on the biopsychosocial model.Schizophrenic patient Mr. A usually is not aware of the reality. Schizophrenic patient likeMr. A is associated with distorted mind, disorganized perceptions, or withdrawn emotionswhich indicates bizarre behaviour. Schizophrenic patient Mr. A exhibits both positive andnegative symptoms and it include hallucinations, delusions, disorganization, abnormalmovements, restricted emotional expression, avolition, impaired cognition, depression, andmania. Biological characteristics can be helpful in partial prognosis of the Schizophrenia.Comprehensive prognosis can be achieved by considering nature of the disorder,psychological and psychosocial characteristics. Biopsychosocial model is not only aconceptual model but it is also helpful in providing care to the Schizophrenia at each level(Seidman et al., 2012). Body :Phrenologists, 200 years ago raised question regarding localization of functions of brain.Later, research established localization of function of cortex. Studies established thatSchizophrenia and related mental disorders can occur dur to abnormal functioning andabnormal structures of localized units of brain (Murakami et al., 2011). From the researchstudies in past ten years, it is evident that structural abnormalities of the brain are mainlyresponsible for the Schizophrenia. Structural abnormalities are mainly responsible for theoccurrence of negative symptoms of Schizophrenia. Ventricles are the brain cavities whichcontain cerebrospinal fluid. In patients with Schizophrenia, these ventricles get enlarged. Inanother studies, it is evident that Schizophrenia is associated with the abnormal structures ofother brain regions like hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus. There can also bephysiological changes in nervous system in Mr. A. Murakami et al. (2011) established thatSchizophrenic patients had significantly reduced hippocampal volume in comparison to thehealthy individuals. This reduced hippocampal volume occurs in only earlier stage of thedisease and not in the chronic stage of the disease (Comer, 2010). Pinkham (2012)demonstrated that in Schizophrenia there is altered and aberrant brain response to the neuralnetwork associated with the cognition-emotion interaction. Impairment and alteration in thegoal-directed behaviour of the Mr. A occurs due to neurophysiological alterations in brainnetworks related to the cognitive procession over emotional processing. Even though,Schizophrenia is associated with physical and physiological alterations of the identified brainregions, Schizophrenia research should not be restricted to these regions. Other regions needto be explored to establish altered brain region and behavioural variability of Mr. A. More2

research need to be carried out to understand psychological phenomenon of Schizophreniafrom the point of view of alterations in the whole brain disturbances (van den Heuvel andFornito, 2014). Biomedical model used to study Mr.A include study of Schizophrenia by emphasizingperson’s biological factors which include genetic materials and physiological functions andstructure. Risk factors of the Mr. A need to be studied based on the different factors likehistory, social association, lifestyle, personality, mental status and biological alterations.Hence, biopsychosocial model established as the replacement for the biomedical model foraddressing holistic aspects of biological, psychological, and social systems. All these holisticaspects are interconnected with each other and these can influence functioning of each other(Solli and Barbosa, 2012). According to the biopsychosocial model, aspects of Schizophrenia like abnormal behaviourand mental disorder can be studied and understood by considering combined biological,psychological, and sociocultural aspects of Schizophrenia patient instead of considering theseaspects in isolation. Biopsychosocial model also states that for the treatment of these Mr. Aalso all these aspects need to be considered in combination. Biopsychosocial theories weredeveloped and were being implemented based on this integration concept of biopsychosocialmodel. From the studies, it is evident that physical, physiological, mental and psychologicalabnormality develop in Mr. A due to interaction among different factors like genetic,biological, developmental, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, cultural, and societalinfluences (Toates, 2011).According to biopsychosocial model, interplay and interaction of biological, psychological,and social aspects of people’s day to day life can produce adverse effect on the health of theperson and consequently it can lead to illness. Biopsychological model can be considered asthe extension of the biomedical model. In biopsychological model, individual’s backgroundneed to be added to the biomedical perspective. Hence, it can be helpful in understandingdifferent and broader picture of individual’s health and illness with link of biological factorsto psychological and social factors. In biopsychosocial model all three factors like biological,psychological and social have importance and these factors can interact with individual’shealth and interact with it (Sarafino and Smith, 2012). Psychology deals with the study of people, mind and behaviour. Based on the capability tothink, feel and interact on individual basis or in group, psychology can be helpful in thedeveloping solutions for the social issues. According to public health theory and practice,both heath psychology and social psychology are relevant to Mr. A. Health psychology deals3

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