Autism Spectrum Disorder and Treatment Approaches

This assignment delves into Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a developmental condition affecting physical and mental growth. It examines the impact of ASD on daily life, highlighting stress, headaches, and irritability as potential symptoms. The focus shifts to treatment approaches such as Behavioral Analysis Technique (including Discrete Trial Training and Pivotal Response Training), the Difference & Relationship Based approach (DIR), and visual cues. The document emphasizes how these methods, when combined effectively, can help address ASD challenges and promote emotional and intellectual development.

Essay

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION..........................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
In order to have proper understanding about such concept the learning in respect to
nervous system, tension and stress is beneficial. It has been witnessed that stress can create a
mental pressure which might affect the nervous system stimulation. It means the functioning of
body might also be affected due to mental pressure. Depression can lead individual to stress and
anxiety which has negative impact on the human body. It has been noticed that Autism spectrum
disorder is considered as group of developmental disorders. It means the issues are being faced
due to range of symptoms, skills and levels of disability. It affects the health care stability within
human body so experts need to analyse diverse aspects under treatment for better resolution of
issue.
MAIN BODY
In addition to this, it can be said that present essay will develop an understanding in
respect to the concept of Autism spectrum disorder can be described as a state of mental and
psychological values. It is not necessary, if person is fit in respect to mental health that mean
he/she is not suffering from any mind of mental health problem. However, at the same time he
might have number of issues in terms of skills and additional physical disorders (Amaral, 2013).
Stress and headache can also be considered as part of spectrum disorder which might affect the
day to day life of person. In such conditions the person who is suffering from autism spectrum
disorder can get irritated due to change in its lifestyle. It might be because situation creates a
barrier in coping up with the change in the practice. Good mental health allows person to meet
the potential and ensure that person is easily coordinating with day to day activities. By having
an improved focus on the adjustments in respect to emotional and behavioural values the issue in
terms of autism spectrum disorder can be considered effectively (Carl and Hardan, 2011).
If any person is facing situation like emotional or physical abuse then he or she might
face a situation of depression which creates an autism spectrum disorder situation for long term.
Along with this, situations in terms of neglect and major loss to life also create a autism spectrum
disorder. If any person is not concerned about such aspects then it might affect the overall
outcome
It is also necessary for individual to have information about the symptoms so that better
awareness can be developed in respect to autism spectrum disorder. If any person is facing a
situation where he or she is facing situations like being confused, suspicious and usually angry.

Feeling low and not to have any kind of participation in social activity can also be referred as
autism spectrum disorder symptoms (Messerschmidt, 2013).
There are number of treatment methods available which can be accessed by experts in
order to resolve autism spectrum disorder. Medication is referred as process that helps in
managing the symptoms and ensure that improvement in taken into account. Along with this,
medication also assist in resolving issues like depression, anxiety and psychosis. Other than this,
psychotherapy is another treatment process which is generally under the supervision of
counsellor. It assist in understand the diverse ways that are essential to deal with the challenging
situation.
Autism spectrum disorder has great impact on body functioning which also create a physical
and emotional illness issues. If person is facing an issue in terms of depression and stress then it
might be possible that cell body can be affected which might not allow human body to work
properly. In addition to this, it has also been noticed that gene mutations and epigenetic changes
can also affect the development of human body. It may cause the autism spectrum disorder and
influence the day to day life activities of individual (Lu, 2013). In addition to this, it can be said
that key cause that a person may face due to autism spectrum disorder is classified as impact on
behavioural values. It also promotes the emotional disorder. It has been noticed that brain
development is also directly influenced due to promotion of autism spectrum disorder. The issue
can be raised during fetal development which alters a gene. One of the key example of autism
spectrum disorder can be that children has started learning few words at the initial stage.
However, after few months he is not able to have explore of language. It has been noticed that
limited learning can be recorded under child regarding any specific act. Another example, can be
that child is able to identify the body parts if it asked by indicating own body parts. But if the
same task is being done with a use of pictures then he is not able to identify the body parts. It can
be considered as symptom of Autism spectrum disorder so parents need to consider such values
properly (Pearlson, 2010).
Functioning of human body is also dependent over mood, appetite and sleep. Such kind
of functions are being controlled with a help of serotonin. If any individual is facing a depression
or changes in mood then it will decrease the level of serotonin as compared to standard. In
addition to this, it can be said that if person is not responding to the acts in proper manner then it
might create issue in respect to Autism spectrum disorder (Volkmar, 2012). It has been noticed

that if child is not making a proper eye contact or smile with the parents as he/she was used to do
earlier then it can be referred as symptoms of Autism spectrum disorder.
It has been noticed that functioning of brain cells is necessary to consider so that Autism
spectrum disorder issues can be overcome. Human brain is considered as section which has little
capacity to regenerate. If any kind of cell within brain is not working properly then it promotes
the effects of damage and diseases. Person may also face issues in regard to joint attention if
he/she is suffering from Autism spectrum disorder (Bonin, 2010). It has been witnessed that
gestures and other key elements in regard to behaviour response can also provide an information
about Autism spectrum disorder. Key negative impact on the health can be that mental
development can be recorded at the limited scale.
In addition to this, it can be said that brain functioning can also be influenced if any of
following functioning factor is not working properly. Classification can be as impulse, mutation,
neural circuit, synapse, nucleus, etc. In order to have better understanding about the concept it
can be said that brain functioning can be affected in two forms such as cortical and subcortical.
In respect to this, it can be said that if brain illness has impact on the upper layer then it may
cause the issues like language understanding, thing and social behaviour issues. On the other
side, if subcortical aspect mainly recorded if mind illness issue is below the cortex. It promotes
the changes in emotion and movement so experts need to understand such valuation properly
(Devlin and Scherer, 2012). It clearly indicates that changes in mental state affects the overall
functioning of brain in diverse manner. However, number of therapies and treatments are
available that can provide cure from the same.
It has been noticed that behaviour and communication treatments can be employed by the
experts in order to deal with the Autism spectrum disorder. Behavioural analysis technique can
be used to ensure about the negative aspects within child so that better standards can be set out to
resolve issues. Discrete trail training and pivotal response training can be provided to child in
order to deal with the issue so that key outcome can be attained. Along with this, members can
also have use of DIR approach in order to deal with the issue (Viding, 2010). DIR approach is
considered as differences and relationship based approach in which better assistance can be
provided. It has been witnessed that identification of issues can be taken into account properly.
On the basis of which activities are framed to ensure that emotional and intellectual growth can
be accomplished. By using the visual cues the treatment process effectiveness can be improved.

It has been noticed that by having an effective consideration of key norms in regard to skills
development the issue of Autism spectrum disorder can be resolved. Also, it has been witnessed
that use of pictures in treatment process allows child to have better interest in terms of subject
(Volkmar, 2012).
CONCLUSION
As per the above study, it can be concluded that Autism spectrum disorder is one of
health issue which limits the physical and mental development. It means the stress and headache
can also be considered as part of spectrum disorder which might affect the day to day life of
person. In such conditions the person who is suffering from autism spectrum disorder can get
irritated due to change in its lifestyle. By having an effective consideration of diverse methods
the issues can be resolved such as Behavioural analysis technique, DIR approach and visual cues.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Amaral, D.G., 2013. Autism spectrum disorders. Autism: The Science of Mental Health. 28(2).
pp.217.
Bonin, M., 2010. Mutations in the SHANK2 synaptic scaffolding gene in autism spectrum
disorder and mental retardation. Nature genetics. 42(6). pp.489-491.
Carl, F. and Hardan, A.Y., 2011. Autism spectrum disorders. Handbook of Developmental
Psychiatry. pp.463.
Devlin, B. and Scherer, S.W., 2012. Genetic architecture in autism spectrum disorder. Current
opinion in genetics & development, 22(3), pp.229-237.
Lu, M.C., 2013. Changes in prevalence of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder in school-
aged US children: 2007 to 2011-2012 (No. 65). US Department of Health and Human
Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health
Statistics.
Messerschmidt, T., 2013. Autism spectrum disorders. Current problems in pediatric and
adolescent health care. 43(1). pp.2-11.
Pearlson, G.D., 2010. Abnormal functional connectivity of default mode sub-networks in autism
spectrum disorder patients. Neuroimage. 53(1). pp.247-256.
Viding, E., 2010. Feeling, caring, knowing: different types of empathy deficit in boys with
psychopathic tendencies and autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and
Psychiatry. 51(11). pp.1188-1197.
Volkmar, F.R., 2012. Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for
autism spectrum disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent
Psychiatry. 51(4). pp.368-383.