Autism in Children: Impact on Parents' Couple Problem-Solving Interactions and Therapies for Treatment

This essay explores the impact of autism on parents' couple problem-solving interactions and discusses various therapies for the treatment of autism in children.

Essay
Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................1
Topic: CHILDREN WITH AUTISM.....................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
The Autism is mainly associated with the problem and issue in the communication and
social interaction along with having and demonstrating a restricted, repetitive and stereotyped
interest and behaviour pattern (Hyman, Levy and Myers, 2020). The children who are suffering
with autism basically show spectrum disorder that is associated with unusual kind of behaviours
reflecting deficits in communicating and social skills along with restricted and repetitive
behaviour. These current assignment is based on easy writing which comprises of examination
and analysis of two journal articles based on health and social care along with analysing the key
characteristics and findings of both journals.
Main Body
Topic: CHILDREN WITH AUTISM
Thus, Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition or diseases that lead severe impacts
on the development of a child mainly in two core areas comprising of their social communication
and social interaction along with severe impact and issues associated with the restricted,
repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. The selection of current topic important and
rationale as diagnosis of Autism cannot be made with the help of any test or physical diagnosis
but it can only be reflected through the way a child or person behaviour. Thus, it become more
vital and important to have detailed information and understanding about the symptoms and
main cause of Autism in child (Wang and et. al., 2019). Apart from this, as per the research
conducted by the NHS it has been find out that the cases and autism disorder is increasing among
children in UK as ever 1 out of 59 child is having symptoms and autism disorder. It has been
evaluated that the children suffering with ASD often face many problems in having effective
social, emotional, and communication skills. The symptoms of Autism comprises of repeat in
the certain behaviours of child along with un-preference and might not want any kind of change
in their daily activities. Apart from this children with ASD also have different ways of learning
and communicating which leads impact on there behaviour comprises of paying attention and
reacting on certain things. Further, the signs of ASD seems to get begin during early childhood
(starts reflecting from the age of 3) and typically last throughout a person’s life (Petrina and et.
al., 2017).
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Research is basically associated with a long process that consists of conducting a
detailed systematic inquiry in order to entails and ensure effective collection of data along with
leading proper documentation of critical information collected. Apart from this proper analysis
and systematic interpretation of that gathered data/information as per the help of suitable
methodologies approaches set on the basis of specific professional fields and academic
disciplines is also forms a vital part of a research (Makrygianni and et al., 2018). Beside this,
health research are vital and important as they has and lead to a high level of value for the
society through facilitating better analysis and evaluation of facts and information associated
with a particular diseases or health care area. Research are vital in health/ social care/ evidence
based practice as it tend to provide important information and latest trends about the disease and
other risk factors prevailed in society, along with leading and ensuring effective outcomes of
treatment together with and through the proper public health interventions and analysis of
functional abilities, patterns of care, and other health care aspects to support better care and
treatment for society through driving effective clinical decisions and better care (Westerveld and
et. al., 2017).
The research has been divided and bifurcated into two main forms and type which
comprises of qualitative and quantitative form of research. The main characteristics and nature of
qualitative research comprises of naturalistic inquiry as it studies various perceptive and
behaviour of group in its natural setting. Further, qualitative research comprises of an unique
case orientation along with inductive form of analysis to support and facilitates better testing and
scanning of theoretical and in-depth information. On the other hand, the main characteristics of
quantitative form of research comprises of use of more structured research instruments to collect
information and data in numeric form (Toscano, Carvalho and Ferreira, 2018). Further,
quantitative research is mainly undertaken and carried out on a larger sample size that are the
true representative of a population thus provided higher level of reliability and replicated form of
research. Apart from this, the qualitative form of resercah support better presentation and
effective interpretation of collected data through making use of various form tables and charts
thus, ensures and leads to more measurable and authentic form of results and conclusion.
The two journal articles selected for current research and essay writing comprises of one
which was written by Sigan L. Hartley, Lauren M. Papp, Shari Blumenstock, Frank Floyd, and
Greta L. Goetz1and get published in September 2016 and based on the topic of The Effect of
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Daily Challenges in Children with Autism on Parents’ Couple Problem-Solving Interactions
(Wood and et. al., 2020). The another journal article that is selected for current assignment was
written by Edwin Williamson and Rebecca Jerome which get published in august 2014 which
was based on the topic of Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. As per the
first article written by, Sigan L. Hartley, Lauren M. Papp, Shari Blumenstock, Frank Floyd, and
Greta L. Goetz1 on the topic of The Effect of Daily Challenges in Children with Autism on
Parents’ Couple Problem-Solving Interactions, it has been summarised that there is direct
theoretical and empirical kind of evidence which clearly suggest that the child who are related
and affected by the challenges which are associated with the issues of autism spectrum disorder
(ASD) lead a direct influence and impact on the interactions level of parents’ couple. Further, an
analysis and understanding about the vulnerability-stress-adaptation form of model theorizes is
also made that basically aim to stressors that is originating outside the marital relationship of
parents along with leading enhanced vulnerabilities is also seen in one or both partners which is
contributing to the negative couple interactions and finally in form dissolution of parents
marriages (Esteban-Figuerola and et. al., 2019).
Thus, it has been observed from the first research and article lead out by Sigan L.
Hartley, Lauren M. Papp, Shari Blumenstock, Frank Floyd, and Greta L. Goetz1 that the Child
who are suffering with ASD feel discomfort in communication and social interaction which
leads a enhanced exhibit and a more stressful profile of having more impairments in social
communication and repetitive behaviours and/or interests which are often and mainly engage in
the high levels of co-occurring behaviour problems for parents of theses child such as
inattention, anxiety, and disruptive attitude and behaviours of parent’s couple (David and et. al.,
2018). Further, it has been also observed from the first journal, that the Mothers and fathers of
the children who are suffering from the issues of ASD tends to report higher levels of parenting
stress along with a more poorer psychological well-being of them as in comparison with the
other parents of children who are not suffering from this disabilities. Thus, a conclusion and
summarisation can be made that the child who are affected and suffered with the disability of
autism find it difficult to and troublesome to communicate with other and it is also difficult to
understand the what other people are thinking and feeling which makes it more difficult and hard
for the children to express themselves that is leading a stressful and negative impact on
interaction level of parents. Further, the child suffering from autism also finds the things like
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bright lights or loud noises a more overwhelming along with stressful or uncomfortable thus,
gets more anxious and upset regarding the and about the unfamiliar situations and involvement
in social events is also not preferred and liked by these child and longer period of time and more
efforts are required by their parents to make them understand information and situation that lead
negative effects on the parents interaction to solve problem in their daily life (Shui and et. al.,
2018).
The second article which was written by Edwin Williamson and Rebecca Jerome on the
topic of Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, a summarisation can be made
that the Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is mainly a neuro kind of developmental disorder that
is mainly marked up with the impaired level of social communication along with a unsatisfactory
level of social interaction that is mainly accompanied by a more typical patterns of behaviour
and dissatisfactory interest and communication level of child. Further, an analysis has been also
made that the ASD is taken as more differentiated from the other kind and forms of
developmental disorders which are significantly taken as impairments and disability in the social
interaction and level of communication (Makrygianni and et al., 2018). Further, it has been also
analysed that the a higher level of restrictive, repetitive, and stereotypical behaviours and
disorder activities are also seen and lead as main symptoms of autism in the child who are
suffering from this order along with a Social communication and social interaction features
which includes and comprises of a higher level of deficits in social-emotional reciprocity in the
child. Apart from this, an analysis and summarisation regarding the therapies which could be
used for treating the child with Autism is also made with current article written by Edwin
Williamson and Rebecca Jerome. It has been analysed that the Speech and language therapy,
Music therapy, Occupational therapy, Acupuncture, Vitamins and mineral supplements along
with Massage therapy and The Picture Exchange Communication System are vital ways and
theories that can be used in order to cure and treat the child who are suffering from the disorder
of autism (Westerveld and et. al., 2017).
A comparison between the research method and approaches used by the authors of both
journal could also be drawn as the article lead out by Sigan L. Hartley, Lauren M. Papp, Shari
Blumenstock, Frank Floyd, and Greta L. Goetz1had made use of quantitative method of research
where data has been collected with the help of use of questionnaire. Further, the Edwin
Williamson and Rebecca Jerome had adopted use of comparative studies which is mainly based
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on the qualitative nature of research. Further, a contrast in approaches of method used for
collection of data under with the articles is also seen as the Edwin Williamson and Rebecca
Jerome has selected 10 participants with ASD in the update to have better behavioural and in-
depth interventions from limited participants. Further, the Edwin Williamson and Rebecca
Jerome also make use of interpretivism philosophy and inductive approach to gather a more
detailed information regarding the attitude and behaviour of selected participants along with the
65 unique studies comprising 48 randomized trials and 17 nonrandomized comparative studies to
develop and new and better theory in the topic of autism in child (Petrina and et. al., 2017). A
comparison can also made that the Sigan L. Hartley, Lauren M. Papp, Shari Blumenstock, Frank
Floyd, and Greta L. Goetz1 has made use of an questionnaire for the purpose of data collection
from a large sample of participants comprises of 184 couples to draw and get better implication
regarding the impact lead by autism in child in the interaction and problem solving level of their
parents. Further, it has been also compared that the use of positivism philosophy and deductive
approach is made under the research undertaken by the Sigan L. Hartley, Lauren M. Papp, Shari
Blumenstock, Frank Floyd, and Greta L. Goetz1 to collect information in numeric and
measurable form and thus, use of statistical tool and quantifiable analysis method is made for its
analysis and interpretation that facilities more authentic and measurable results of research
(Wang and et. al., 2019).
The both the article selected for current essay writing are reliable and valid as both
provides authentic set of data on selected topic of autism in child. The first article that is written
by the Sigan L. Hartley, Lauren M. Papp, Shari Blumenstock, Frank Floyd, and Greta L. Goetz1
is valid and authentic as it comprises of proper information about its writers and date of
publication along with valid copyright and reliable authentication (Hyman, Levy and Myers,
2020). Further, use of questionnaire and quantitative form of research method is made to
maintain the reliability and authenticity level of its data. The second article selected for current
essay writing is also valid and reliable which was written by the Edwin Williamson and Rebecca
Jerome as it also comprises of valid information about its authors along with date of publication
and proper copyright. Further, use of authentic set of studies and research project is made by the
Edwin Williamson and Rebecca Jerome for gathering of information for comparison based
research to maintain the validity and reliability of research work. The research can be improved
in future through emphasis more in collection of in-death and theoretical form of data with the
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help of some qualitative research tool like interview that facilitates more authentic and reliable
set of data (Shui and et. al., 2018).
On the basis of analysis of current research conducted in the topic of autism in child a
recommendation can be made that improvement in health care of child is needed which can be
done through emphasis more on Speech and language therapy, Music therapy, Occupational
therapy along with providing more Vitamins and mineral supplements to child to lead better cure
and treatment of autism in child.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of current easy writing, a conclusion can be drawn that autism in child is
mainly associated with disorder in communication and social interaction level of an individuals.
It has been also observed that research plays a vital role in leading and supporting better health
care decisions on the basis of collected information and data from the various participants’ and
aspects of study. At last, it has been summarised that qualitative and quantitative are two main
forms of research from which quantitative is associated with numeric data while qualitative
involve more in-depth and detailed study.
REFERENCES
Books and journal
David, D.O. and et. al., 2018. Developing joint attention for children with autism in robot-
enhanced therapy. International Journal of Social Robotics, 10(5), pp.595-605.
Esteban-Figuerola, P. and et. al., 2019. Differences in food consumption and nutritional intake
between children with autism spectrum disorders and typically developing children: A
meta-analysis. Autism, 23(5), pp.1079-1095.
Hyman, S.L., Levy, S.E. and Myers, S.M., 2020. Identification, evaluation, and management of
children with autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics, 145(1).
Makrygianni, M. K. and et al., 2018. The effectiveness of applied behavior analytic interventions
for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A meta-analytic study. Research in Autism
Spectrum Disorders, 51, pp.18-31.
Petrina, N. and et. al., 2017. Friendship satisfaction in children with autism spectrum disorder
and nominated friends. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 47(2), pp.384-392.
Shui, A.M. and et. al., 2018. Predicting sleep problems in children with autism spectrum
disorders. Research in developmental disabilities, 83, pp.270-279.
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Toscano, C.V., Carvalho, H.M. and Ferreira, J.P., 2018. Exercise effects for children with autism
spectrum disorder: metabolic health, autistic traits, and quality of life. Perceptual and
motor skills, 125(1), pp.126-146.
Wang, M. and et. al., 2019. Alteration of gut microbiota-associated epitopes in children with
autism spectrum disorders. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 75, pp.192-199.
Westerveld, M.F. and et. al., 2017. The emergent literacy skills of preschool children with autism
spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 47(2), pp.424-438.
Wood, J.J. and et. al., 2020. Cognitive behavioral treatments for anxiety in children with autism
spectrum disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Jama Psychiatry, 77(5), pp.474-483.
Online:
Edwin Williamson and Rebecca Jerome . 2014. Therapies for Children With Autism Spectrum
Disorder. [Online] Available Through:<
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK241444/>.
Sigan L. Hartley, Lauren M. Papp, Shari Blumenstock, Frank Floyd, and Greta L. Goetz1 . 2016.
The Effect of Daily Challenges in Children with Autism on Parents’ Couple Problem-
Solving Interactions. [Online] Available Through:<
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5014690/ >.
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