Criminology: Major Theoretical Perspectives, Relevance to Australian Criminal Justice System

CRIMINOLOGY
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Demonstrate knowledge of the major theoretical perspective within criminology....................3
Explain the contemporary relevance of criminological theories to the Australian criminal
justice system..............................................................................................................................5
Understand and apply key concepts and terms within criminology...........................................6
Identify the strength and weakness of criminology theories.......................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
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INTRODUCTION
According to studies criminology is demonstrated as the study of crime and deviant
behaviour. This is not only the study of crime but also explains the impacts of crime on society,
causes of crime and why group of individuals commit the crime. The most important aim of this
study is to determine what makes individuals to act in a criminal manner. Criminology is defined
as branch of sociology, which most importantly examines the organization, human behaviour,
and interaction. This process also ties in research and other concepts of studies such as
anthropology, philosophy, psychology, biology. Criminologist they examine the wide range of
topics which are related to the crime(King, and et. al., (2018)).
MAIN BODY
Demonstrate knowledge of the major theoretical perspective within criminology
Criminology this is defined as the study of crime from the different four perspective
which includes political, sociological, psychological and legal. In other words criminology
analyse the crime from the legal point of view. This statement means criminal behaviour could
be analysed as it is violation of the law. This further means criminologist would evaluate the
laws themselves whilst on the other hand criminologist they would analysis how criminal laws
are made by criminal activities.
Psychological theories
Psychologists they usually does the task of explaining criminals behaviour and delinquent by
keeping focus on individuals personality. In this process behaviour and restraints on behaviour
are learned. The earlier psychological theories were usually based on the the work of Sigmund
Freud (1856- 1939). Furthermore Freud stated that the nature of human this includes reservoir of
instinctual drives which demands gratification.
Political perspective
Criminology often looks at the crime from the political perspective. Crime is mainly considered
as breaking laws which have been created by the political groups. The criminals breaking laws is
called illegal behaviour. If these point of views are supported this indicates the laws which are
are existed and in addition interest of the politically powerful, Crimes are mainly consisted of
several activities those powerful believe to be threat towards their interests. This is resulted into
the laws are not always related to the what one might thinks naturally about right or wrong. In
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any case an individual would believe that laws have been created for the murder but this is the
fact that they are created by the politically elite. After an individual reviews these facts would
believe that these laws are quite suitable for the specific case of murder(Roche, Fenimore, and
et. al., (2019)).
Sociology perspective
There is another point of view of criminology that is sociology perspective. The sociology
perspective they mainly focuses on political, social, as well as on economic problems which
usually gives rise to the crimes. For example this kind of perspective they consider law breakers
home situation, education level, employment, race, social situation and in addition to assess why
number of offenders committed crime. In the case information has been gathered gathered about
the victims husband, and there is some information that husband have a history of bipolar
disorder or schizophrenia and along with this presently stopped taking his medicaments and also
lost his job this was estranged from the victim. These all factors have been played into the
victims murder.
Psychological perspective
This is the last perspective of criminology which is known as psychological perspective.
According to the psychological point of view, crime is noticed as form of problem behaviour this
shows that offenders do not have ability to live in harmony environment. There are various
criminal behaviour theories are mentioned below;
Social factors
There are large criminologist literature which commonly identifies different wide range
of environmental factors which are causally connected to the criminal behaviour. Furthermore
this includes economics, social and developmental factors for example poverty is describe as
socio-economic condition which is often linked to the crime. The strain, stress frustration these
are experienced by those where lacking of financial resources in order to meet the needs and and
accomplish the desires through the process of legitimate this process inclined to commit the
crime. Poor nutrition this is a huge aspect of poverty. There are number of nutritional
deficiencies which are resulted into exacerbate problems which includes poor impulse control
and learning disabilities(Sarki, Hussein, and et. al.,(2019)). Cognitive dysfunctions they has
been identified as precursors to adult and delinquency criminality.
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