The Threat of Communicable Disease- HIV

The threat of communicable disease- HIV

Running Head: Essay
Introduction
The primary purpose of this study is to highlight the role of the agent related to HIV disease.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) causes the progressive failure of the immune system by
causing life-threatening infections and cancers of an individual. The clinical features that involve
in the HIV infection are mononucleosis-like as well as flu-like symptoms such as myalgia,
diarrhea, nausea, headache, vomiting, weight loss, arthralgia and neurological symptoms. When
an individual becomes infected by this disease, the symptoms are not noticed in the body. A
weakness is felt by the individual, and due to this reason, sometimes they mistook it as another
viral infection. Thus, proper care is necessary for understanding the effect of the disease in a
human body. Based on these factors, the paper will discuss the role of the agent involving with
HIV disease along with the host and its environmental factors involving the disease. Research
has shown that HIV not only affects the immunity system of the body bit also enhances the cell
infections rate in an individual. In order to reduce all the adverse effect of HIV, a brief view
regarding the potential policy responses will be further provided in this essay.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is considered as the member of the retroviridae family,
and the virus is about 100nm to 110nm in diameter. There are two types of HIV strains such as
HIV-1 and HIV-2, respectively, and both of them cause disease in human being. Many scholars
suggested that HIV is one of the causative agents that led to the generation of Acquired immune
Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (Treisman and Soudry, 2016). Hence, AIDS is considered as the
primary disease of HIV that infect the person with several vulnerable and wide range of viral,
bacterial, parasitic and fungal infection. It is noticed that people who have this HIV often feel
very week, and they cannot do their work properly as like the normal people. Thus in order to
reduce the adverse impact of the HIV agent, proper steps and treatment should be needed for an
individual so that they can cure their immune system and reduce the negative aspect of this
disease.

Running Head: Essay
Role of the agent HIV
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the primary role of HIV is to influence the
spreading of AIDS among people by infecting them with several functional impairments that
overall effect the immune system of a person (Roy et al., 2015). Hence, from this fact, it is quite
evident that HIV is one of the devastating diseases that affected human being in several ways if
proper treatment is not taken by the individual. After accessing several scholarly articles, it is
analyzed that another significant role of HIV is to infect the cell types such as lymphocytes,
microglia in the brain, macrophages and other neurological related cells. HIV mainly damage the
cell growth of an individual, and due to this reason, the person cannot protect themselves from
several viruses, bacteria and many other diseases (Burton and Hangartner, 2016). Apart from
this, it is analyzed that the role of this HIV agent is to increase the high rate of neurological
problems, cancer and cardiovascular events in the life of an individual. The enormous impact of
HIV was noticed in 2004 where approximately 5 millions of people are generally infected by this
disease, and among them, three millions of people died due to the adverse impact of this HIV
related disease.
In the opinion of Garrido et al., (2016), human immunodeficiency virus is considered as the
intercellular parasite that generally reproduces and survives by using a host cell. Due to this
reason, it is indicated that the primary target of this virus is to attack the immune system of an
individual, especially the CD4 T-helper cells. These cells are considered as the primary immune
cells that help in enhancing the immunity power of an individual. Among the two variant of this
virus, HIV-1 is considered as the more aggressive and virulent one that spread across the whole
nation and its impact is more devastating in an individual than that of the other variant (Veillette
et al., 2016). However, HIV-2 variant is also infectious, but they are much tamer than that of the
first variant. In today's atmosphere, the HIV-1 virus is mainly seen in the individual, and for
reducing its adverse impact the clinical experts are providing several types of treatment, but they
are not beneficial in most of the cases. Hence, the presence of the adverse effect enables the
agent to cause death in an individual within a certain period of timeframe. Apart from this, as
stated by Rasmussen and Lewin, (2016), another significant characteristic of this agent is that
when it infects a person then at the first stage, so symptoms and signs are noted on that person.

Running Head: Essay
Gradually with the advancement of time when the disease becomes spread in the whole blood,
then the symptoms are noticed in the body of the individual. Thus, it is seen that HIV is an
infectious disease that creates acute illness in an individual, but some persons do not experience
this acute illness. The person who does not suffer any acute illness in their body due to the
spread of this disease they often get the drastic effect of this disease. Hence, it sometimes causes
them cancers and also enables them to fight with several common virus and bacteria. In the
words of Gutierrez, Albuquerque and Falzon, (2017), at the chronic stage when a virus enters
into the latent, they are less active within the host body, but they are still present and multiplying
into the T-helper cells. According to this author, HIV is not a common disease, but when it enters
into a human body, it replicates and weakens the immunity response by wakening the person
causing infections in the host cells. Therefore, it is essential for every individual suffering from
this disease should take appropriate steps so that they can increase their immunity power and
reduce the negative impact of the agent.
Host and environmental factors involving in HIV
HIV is considered as an infection that affected the whole immune functions of a person. After
accessing various journal articles, it is analyzed that the primary host of HIV disease in humans.
If a person is infected by this virus, then through effective transmission, it can spread from one
person to another. The HIV disease is found in the body fluids of the infected person. HIV
disease mainly travels through a fluid medium; therefore, when it enters into an uninfected body,
then it causes a high risk to the person (Mudd and Brenchley, 2016). With the help body fluid
and blood, the virus is transmitted to the host body through semen, blood, breast milk, rectal
mucous and by vaginal fluids. Many researchers suggested that HIV cannot live outside the body
of a human being as a unicellular parasite, and therefore, it often attack their host to stay
connected directly with the body.
After entering into the human body, the virus gets multiplied with time and thereby damage the
whole immune function of that person (Ford et al., 2015). Due to this reason, the host involving
with HIV gets weak as they cannot capable of protecting themselves from the adverse impact of
other severe bacteria as well as virus present in the atmosphere. HIV, in other words, has also