Essay. The threat of communicable disease. Introduction

The threat of communicable disease

Running Head: Essay
Introduction
The fundamental objective of the essay is to evaluate the role of the agent related to Zika virus.
Zika Virus is considered as a disease that is transmitted by Aedes mosquito during the bite in the
day time. The primary symptoms that occur due to this Zika virus are rash, fever, joint and
muscle pain, conjunctivitis and headache. The virus is so powerful that during pregnancy, it only
affects the mother but also affect the infants who will be going to born. Thus, proper steps and
care should be needed for every person suffering from this virus. Based on this fact, the study
will discuss the environmental factors as well as the host who are effectively involved with this
Zika virus. The virus created neurological risks to the infected children and adults such as
neuropathy, Guillain-Barre syndrome and myelitis. Thus in order to reduce the impact of Zika
virus, some potential policy responses will be provided in this essay that can help an individual
to get rid out of the adverse effect of this virus.
Role of the agent of Zika virus
Zika virus was first identified in Uganda 1947 from rhesus money taken from the Zika forest of
this country. However, in human, it was identified in 1952 in the United Public of Tanzania and
Uganda. The outbreaks of this Zika virus has been reported especially from America, Pacific,
Africa and the Asian region. The primary role of the Zika virus is to infect the neurological
system of the individual by causing several mild symptoms to that person. Many scholars
suggested that the transmission of Zika virus generally occur due to the bite of an infected Aedes
mosquito belonging to the tropical and subtropical regions (Anaya et al., 2016). The role of
Aedes mosquito that spread the Zika virus is to inject the infected blood to the human body. Due
to this reason, currently, the clinical expert's demons are that Zika virus has created congenital
infections among the individuals. Besides this, in the opinion of Benelli, (2016), recently, the
Zika virus creates an infection that affected the brain anomalies of a normal person. Apart from
this, microcephalus is also taken place with the effect of this Zika virus.
It is analyzed that both the medical organizations and health agencies have issued several
guidelines for reducing the impact and spread of Zika virus in a human body. However, the

Running Head: Essay
people, as well as the healthcare experts, become failed to follow the guidelines properly and due
to this reason, the viruses are transmitted enormously among the individuals. As stated by Li et
al., (2019), another significant role of the agent that spread Zika virus is to impact viral
implications on the individuals so that their nervous system get infected by this attack. The agent
of Zika virus consequently uses their mosquito vectors to enhance both viral activities and viral
transmission among the individuals. Several studies demonstrate that currently, due to the
presence of this virus, people are suffering from dengue virus epidemics that have even lead to
death to an individual. According to the World Health Organization, the Zika virus another
prospect is to reduce the immunity power of a person so that he or she cannot survive properly
(Panchaud et al., 2016).
The mosquito-borne vector generally transmitted the Zika virus from one individual to other.
Besides this, another significant role of the agent is to target the people at day time and thus it
generally attacks the children as well as older adult groups. It is indicated from several studies
that the virus does not only infect the person but also create congenital abnormalities among the
person leading to death too (Medin and Rothman, 2016). Hence, the virus is considered to be
effective for the people, and thus proper care should be needed by every individual to get rid of
the problem related to Zika virus. According to the World Health Organization, the role of the
agent related to this chosen virus is to directly involved in the DNA replication of the individual
and affect the neutral cells of the people. The Zika virus, after entering into the human body
substitutes amino acid by the mosquito vector and quickly spread the disease in the whole body
(Baz and Boivin, 2019). Due to this reason, due to the impact of this Zika virus, not only a single
portion of the body is affected but the whole body has been affected tremendously by the impact
of the virus.
From recent studies, it is noticed that Zika virus has included several other arthropod related
viruses such as dengue virus (DENU), Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) and West Nile Virus (WNV)
(Mor, 2016). Hence, it is considered as a single-stranded RNA virus that primarily infects a small
portion of the body and later with the advancement of time, it spreads throughout the body of an
individual. Due to this reason, formerly at the beginning of the infection, people do not get
effective symptoms of this disease. Thus at the later stage, they analyze the symptoms and then
take proper care and treatment for overcoming the health problem (Casadevall and Pirofski,

Running Head: Essay
2018). Thus after revering all these prospects, it is quite evident that the agent of Zika virus plays
an important role in affecting the nervous and immune system of an individual and thus it is
essential for every individual to take effective steps to get rid of the health issue causing by this
virus.
Host and environmental factors involved with Zika virus
The widespread rate of Zika virus has affected today's current environment effectively. After
accessing several sources, it is evaluated that the rate of Zika virus has tremendously increased
from 2015, and it is continuously growing with time at a high rate. The primary hosts of this Zika
virus are the mosquitoes belonging to the genera Anopheles, Aedes and Mansonia (Jamil,
Waheed and Durrani, 2016). Among all these primary hosts as well as vectors the effective one
that generally spread this virus is the Aedes mosquito of varied species. As per the World Health
Organization, one of the common features of these genera of mosquito is to spread the Zika virus
at the day time and not on the night. It is analyzed that apart from the human being, the virus has
also spread to the animal hosts such as in monkeys, rodents, cows, bats and carabaos.
Along with this animal hosts, other hosts spread this particular virus such as sheep, horses,
orangutans, ducks and goats (Epelboin et al., 2017). Hence, all are considered as the primary
hosts of the Zika virus. According to several scholars, though the Zika virus is considered as an
effective threat to human being but mammals are not considered as their native hosts. The main
hosts of this virus are the wild animal population and the non-human primates. This virus is
mainly transmitted by the mosquito to the human body by these hosts. In the words of Schwartz,
(2017), a human being does not directly affect by this virus, but the careers transmuted the
disease to a person body with the help of these hosts.
According to this author, the Zika virus directly attacked the hosts mentioned above, and when a
mosquito bites them, it easily transmitted to the vector body. Later on, when this infected
mosquito bites a normal person in day time then again is transferred to the individual body
(Villegas et al., 2018). Hence, these are the effective ways by which the hosts transmitted the
Zika virus indirectly into the body of a normal person. However, several comprehensive