Environmental Policy Impact and Media Role

The assignment explores the structure of environmental policies designed to minimize the effects of change. It emphasizes the significance of media in informing the public about global environmental transformations. The analysis draws upon academic literature, books, journals, and online sources to support its arguments.

Essay
To what extent have the claims made by environmental
campaigning and protest groups influenced the policy
agendas of states or international organisations?

Table of Contents
Topic - “To what extent have the claims made by environmental campaigning and protest groups
influenced the policy agendas of states or international organisations?”........................................1
References .......................................................................................................................................6

Topic - “To what extent have the claims made by environmental campaigning
and protest groups influenced the policy agendas of states or international
organisations?”
INTRODUCTION
Global environment politics deals at international platform, in order to resolve problems
between human and nature. It represents the commitment of organisation towards nature by
accepting laws and policies. All the rule and policies are focused on the use of energies and
resources (Bechtel and Urpelainen, 2015). This essay is based on the impact of policies and
campaigning, that affects states and international organisation. Various international policies are
discussed into this essay in order to reduce the climatic changes and also to overcome.
Rapid change in environment is a global issue and all countries are concern. In order to
save nature, various policies and campaigning are organised at international level. Through these
policies organisations are committed to follow all rules and regulation in order to save nature
(Australia's climate change 'debate' all talk an no action. 2017). Along with this use of resources
and release of toxic substances are monitored through government line. For this different
agreements and actions plans are considered at international level. Through these rules diverse
range of environment elements are covered. Policies are developed on the basis of principles like
conceptualization of urban and rural life, emphasis of connecting human with ecosystem,
promotion of transition through both open and close loop (Betskill, Hichstetler and Stevis, (eds.)
2015). In open loop garbage and sewage are considered, where close loop is based on the
factories and manufacturing plants outlets.
In order to implement them into society acts are involved such as IPCC
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). It is implemented in order to reduce emission of
CO2 & other greenhouse gases and to maintain global warming at 2oC. All the developing
countries are actively participating for limiting the growth of CO2. Through this way depletion
of ozone layer is decrease, due to which effect of global warming is also minimised at some level
(Carraro and Leveque, eds., 2013). In this activity government of various countries are
participating such as Japan, India, china and so on. European countries are adopting various
programs at international level, in order to increase use of renewable resources and control
impact of climatic changes.
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Environmental Management and Co-ordination (waste management) regulation is
implemented in 2006, in order to manage waste generated by factories and urban localities. For
this various recycling plants are also established. As a result, huge amount of waste is converted
into reusable material and people are using them. Through this way consumption of new
resources are decreased. Hygiene and sanitation is one of the essential requirement in every
country. In order to maintain clean ecosystem and reduce health issues it is necessary step. Waste
management also help to reduce pollution of ground level (Dente, ed., 2013).
Merchant shipping act 2004, was implemented by UK. It was amended in order to
control pollution created by ship. Leakage of oil and petroleum products creates a thick layer on
oceans water. Which can block the oxygen supply, through this aquatic life get affected. In order
to reduce impact on ecosystem of ocean. This law was supported by various countries. To
control use of biological and chemical weapon, different laws are established. Such as the
Chemical Weapons Convention was amended in 1997 in order to make limited use of chemical
during war (Hemmelskamp, Rennings and Leone, eds., 2013). Along with this only lincesed
firms can manufacture these weapons.
Through this law use of chemical weapon become limited and restricted. All the countries
are giving importance to environment therefore, various steps are considered at local level as
well as global level. Different rules are implemented with different approaches, such as IPCC
implemented law in order to control emission of CO2 in environment. So that size of black hole
can reduce (Giessen, Krott and Möllmann, 2014). There are some strength and weaknesses that
are associated with it. Like organisations process can be monitored and supervisee in order to
record pollution creation. But human activities are also responsible in order to effect nature,
which is difficult to control. In the same way licensing can restrict production of chemical and
biological weapon, its use an effect the generation of that location. Which can cause long term
impact on the life style of human being. One of the biggest example is Japan, where people are
still affected from the nuclear weapon. Their DNA configuration get affected badly, due to which
new born babies are still physically disabled (Betskill, Hichstetler and Stevis, (eds.) 2015).
Environmental changes are causing huge impact, such as global warming in which
temperature of Earth is continuously rising. Through this, various other consequences are taking
places. Like melting of glacier, depletion of ozone layer, sudden changes in climatic conditions.
All the countries are working together in order to reduce this effect. For this various change are
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implemented into the structure of organisations and communities (Hemmelskamp, Rennings and
Leone, eds., 2013). In order to reduce emission of of CO2 and other greenhouse gases various
policies and rules are introduced by government. Administrative bodies are considering it as an
important issue and taking all necessary steps in order to resolve it.
Various debates, processes and practices are running in order to save environment for
toxic and harmful practices of some organisations. Such as UNFCCC (United Nation Framework
Convention on Climate Change) was organised in 2011. Representatives of different countries
participated in order to discuss properties of stable climate. On the basis of that changed climatic
conditions are discussed (Keeley and Scoones, 2014). Another climate change debate held at
Australia, under this, various organisational practices are analysed that are affecting greenhouse
gases balance. Which results in global warming. Along with this various mining and
manufacturing companies’ activities are also responsible. During this process one representative
of China, argued that developed countries do not follow any professional competence in order to
handle climatic change issues (Bechtel, and Urpelainen, 2015).
In order to save environment various process and practices are running globally. All the
countries are actively participation in various practices in order to save nature. Along with
implementing different rules and regulations, contrasting activities are also organised at various
part of glob. Erosion control is a practice in order to control soil erosion through water and wind.
Various models are considered such as Baer's law in order to control surface run off and micro-
terrain variation structure (O'Riordan, 2014). In order to control emission of radiation, Australia's
2030 Emission Reduction Target agreements held in August 2015. Under this agreement
countries have to reduce radiation emission up to 28-30% by 2030 (Australia's climate change
'debate' all talk an no action. 2017).
In order to discusses “Responding to climate changes” 11th conference is held at Ottawa
on 12 to 14 oct. 2007 (The 10 champagins helping to save our planet. 2017). In this conference,
various administrative and local bodies of different countries have participated. It was organised
in order to draw attention towards increase in climatic changes, impact on human activities, in
this process various sensitive issues are demonstrated. By considering various problems, some
specifications are developed in order to deploy into new structures. On the basis of critical
analysis of environmental changes, different approaches are considered for both industrial and
social culture (Sabatier and Weible, 2016). Administrative bodies of different countries are
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applying innovative and creative approaches in order to maintain balance between human and
ecosystem. Such as law to prevent deforestation, affecting water sources, prevent emission of
harmful gases into air and radiations (Australia's climate change 'debate' all talk an no action.
2017).
United State also wrote letter in order to present seven years action plan to handle
climatic changes. Along with these various studies and reflects are also enclosed in order to
make people aware about core activities that are required to control effect of climatic changes.
All the countries are participating into activities through some organisation. Such as Earth
System Governance Project (ESGP), Global Environment Facility (GEF), Intergovernmental
Panel on climate change (IPCC) and so on that provides platform to administrative body of
different countries (Top 10: climate change champagins).
Media plays vital role in order to make audience aware about various changes that are
happening around the world. Climatic changes are also one of them. In 2007 by considering the
fourth annual report of IPCC, media raises issues of environmental changes (The 10 champagins
helping to save our planet). For this, various other reports are also considered in order to make
people aware about changes that are happening with evidences. They are influencing people
through various means of media such as traditional and advance resources. Various conversation
and talk shows help to understand about reasons that are causing climatic changes (Bechtel and
Urpelainen, 2015). Along with this detailed step of changes and its consequences are also
explained by experts. Due to this individual is able to understand the effect and necessary step in
order to reduce it.
The way media presented report in front of people on climatic change is vary appreciable.
Their report consists of studies of environmental changes considering facts and figures across the
world. They also presented various process, practices and rules that are implemented by
government in order to save nature. They also make people aware about various champaign that
are organised at different parts of world, along with their positive and negative impact (Betskill,
Hichstetler and Stevis, (eds.) 2015). Through this people are able to understand the seriousness
of situation, and inspire them to take necessary steps. Media also played important role in order
to attract attention of people towards protestors, due to which more peoples are inspired to
participate. Through this way vital role is played by them in order to attract more people to save
nature. To maintain relationships between human and nature, balance should be maintained
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(Giessen, Krott. and Möllmann, 2014). In order to maintain ecological balance political institutes
are playing important role. Through various campaigning and protests they tries to influence
peoples towards nature. Various non-profitable organisations are also working for the same.
Various profitable, non-profitable and NGO have organised movements and campaigning
in order to save environment. Through this action of people lots of amendment are made into the
rules and regulations takes in order to reduce harm on nature such as. Getup! Action for
Australia- In this movement more than 600,00 Australians had participated in protest against
Great Barrier reef (Keeley and Scoones, 2014). As an effect, recent petition is signed by
environment minister in order to make changes in laws (Carraro and Leveque, eds., 2013).
Chipko Movement- It was held at 1973 at Garhwal Himalayas, in order to stop cutting of trees.
In this protest localities were s ticked to the tree in order to stop cutting. Through this movement
deforestation was stopped. Ice bridge- It was a toughest mission of NASA in order to survey
Earth's polar ice (Dente, ed., 2013). For this data of ten years were collected in order to measure
changes in climate and make record of them. These records are collected in order to analyse
impact of changes on upcoming time. Surfers against sewage- In order to reduce sewage and
pollution causes by waste. Through this campaigning awareness about toxic and harmful effect is
spread among people. Along with role of waste in order to change climate is also extended.
Through this way quality of oceans and beaches are improved (The 10 champagins helping to
save our planet. 2017).
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above report various activities are organised in order to minimise effect of
climatic changes. To prevent or reduce the effects different governments have implemented
various rules and regulations. Through them, organisations will be monitored to measure the
emission of toxic and consumption of energy resources. Various debates, processes and activities
are running at international level, administrative bodies of different countries are also
participated into them. On the basis of that various changes are implemented into the deigning
structure of so that impact of changes can be reduced. Role of media is very effective in order to
make people aware about changes that are taking place around world.
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References
Books and journals
Bechtel, M. M. and Urpelainen, J., 2015. All Policies Are Glocal: International Environmental
Policy Making with Strategic Subnational Governments. British Journal of Political
Science. 45(3). pp. 559-582.
Betskill, M. M., Hichstetler, K and Stevis, S. (eds.) 2015 Palgrave Advances in
Carraro, C. and Leveque, F. eds., 2013. Voluntary approaches in environmental policy (Vol. 14).
Springer Science & Business Media.
Dente, B. ed., 2013. Environmental policy in search of new instruments (Vol. 3). Springer
Science & Business Media.
Giessen, L., Krott, M. and Möllmann, T., 2014. Increasing representation of states by utilitarian
as compared to environmental bureaucracies in international forest and forest–
environmental policy negotiations. Forest Policy and Economics. 38. pp. 97-104.
Gillespie, A., 2014. International environmental law, policy, and ethics. OUP Oxford.
Hemmelskamp, J., Rennings, K. and Leone, F. eds., 2013. Innovation-oriented environmental
regulation: theoretical approaches and empirical analysis (Vol. 10). Springer Science &
Business Media.
Keeley, J. and Scoones, I., 2014. Understanding environmental policy processes: Cases from
Africa. Routledge.
O'Riordan, T., 2014. Environmental science for environmental management. Routledge.
Sabatier, P. A. and Weible, C. M., 2016. The advocacy coalition framework: Innovations and
clarifications. In: Sabatier, PA (ed.). Theories of the Policy Process, Second Edition,
189-217.
Online
Australia's climate change 'debate' all talk an no action. 2017. [Online]. Available
Through:<https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/apr/10/australias-climate-
change-debate-all-talk-and-no-action>. [Accessed on 21th June, 2017].
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The 10 champagins helping to save our planet. 2017. [Online]. Available
Through:<https://https://greatist.com/health/campaigns-saving-planet>. [Accessed on
21th June, 2017].
Top 10: climate change champagins. 2017. [Online]. Available
Through:<https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-
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