Hominin Evolution and Climate Change

This assignment delves into the evolution of early Homo, focusing on the discovery of 2.8 million-year-old fossils in Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia. It discusses the significance of climate change in human evolution, with a critical analysis of fossil records and body part modifications. The assignment also touches on the importance of additional discoveries to understand human evolutionary patterns.

ESSAY

Topic: “Recent discovery of early Homo fossils at 2.8 Ma from Ledi-Geraru”
Homo erectus is one of the effective species of ancient human bodies or parts that lived
throughout the most Pleistocene geological epoch. It is more earliest fossil evidences which are
arises due to environmental shifts and morphological changes that are facilitating the overall
survival of Homo. The primary aim of the essay is to determine the impact of climate changes on
the fossil of Homos after remaining from so many years in the soil. Further, this integrate,
whether the evolution of Homo was due to particular events or activities which occurred over
different time scales. There are various data which is collected during the research by the various
authors by comparing specimens of Australopithecus and Homo (Early Homo at 2.8 Ma
fromLedi-Geraru. 2015). There is certain drawback of this articles which mentioned under the
data findings as individual sources which would determine credibility and also some data sets are
taken into account for collecting more specific outcomes in near future time. Most of the authors
have the opinion that more archaeological finding would contribute to creating more connection
among environmental dynamics and ability of Homos to adapt crucial changes which will enable
the deeper understanding of human evolution. Henceforth, this project would address all the
critical aspects of Homos and climate changes as key issues are discussed under this research
more effectively.
Fifty years after the recognition of the species Homo habilis as the earliest known
representatives of our genus. The origin of Homo remains anxious. This is basically uncertainty
stems which is considered as the largest part from a limited fossil record among 2.0 and 3.0 Ma.,
especially in Easter Africa. According to Villmoare et. al., it has been found that fossil mandible
and teeth from the afar areas in Ethiopia. Their research goes on to analyse the records of
recognizable Homo through at least half of a million years to almost 2.8million year ago. There
are certain other facts those are related with the morphological behaviours of the fossil align are
more near with Homo than with any other hominid genus. Climate is one of the important factors
which will be crucial for the change in the Homo such as paleoanthropologists. Most of the
research has analyse that human evolution is having proposed a variety of ideas that are
associated with environmental condition. It can have stimulated significant development in
human genes. The positive aspect of this research is that evidences of homo fossils have found
the oldest fossils till the time of Homo sapiens. Till now, the eldest Homo fossils found were
from the site of omo Kibish in Ethiopia and were dated to be belongs to around 195,000 years
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ago. The interest facts are that any fossil discovered there were related with ancestors of modern
human. However, there have been wide human number of species such as Homo naledi and
lineages that re connect with one another. But there are certain negative aspects that are
associated with Homo fossils. It is difficult for the researcher to analyse the exacts fossils of the
human because of the impacts made on the species from vary long period of time. The fossils
were also revaluated to belong to homo sapiens that they looked more primitive than the Homo
sapiens fossils that had been examine earlier before. The fossil seems to be not have all traits that
defines modern aspects of the human but recommended that they could have developed vastly in
recent times. Most of the researchers says that various finding would indicate that various parts
of the human bodies is associated with the various rates while the other faces must be reached
their modern look. However, the discovery of the oldest Homo sapiens fossil has very much
complication with the human origins. There are certain scientists which are having their own
mind that is the brain structure of humans used to define Homo Sapiens, then the current fossil
comes from a cousin generation of Sapiens.
Recent fossil and archaeological research is having complicated analysis of the birth and
early evolution of Homo Genus. With the addition of data set from fossil record and modern
human and non-human primate biology all used to be responsible for a fresh perspective on three
crucial change in human evolutionary history Like, The emergence of Homo, transition among
non-erectus early homo and presence of regional variation in Homo-erectus. The change become
more prominent in Homo-erectus, but the overall alteration was not that much essential as early
envisioned. Plenty vital aspects of the human life history deal which consists of reducing
dimorphism that are likely happened later in development. The extant information used to
suggest that birth and evolution of Homo was characterized by an effective feedback loop that
drove all the life history evolution those are related with Homo genes. This specific article aimed
at analyse the long-term global cooling and effective local tectonic modification that can interact
to disturb the flora and fauna in the most part of the country. Ramapithecus is considered as one
of the crucial hominid from Miocene era. In the recent past, it has been accountable by plenty of
scholars as the first true hominid. There are at least two dozen fossils specimen those are having
research as belong to Ramapithecus. These species are credited with important advance in the
use of stone tools which consists of earliest hand axes as well as other large cutting tools. Homo-
erectus used to provide information about the transitional aspects among australopithecines and
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modern human bodies. On the basis of the environmental hypotheses of hominin evolution, it
aims to determine significant of theories which is useful for the basis of human evolution
through using facts and evidence crossways hominin sites.
Henceforth, creating a framework would indicate about the paleo environmental analysis of
overall contribution which is greatly to human era. Under the research, the entire focus is given
on the environmental impacts because it has been seen that it will directly made impacts on the
adaptive evolution. All the key issues those are associated with homo sapiens are analyse
accordingly. Despite a well organise lateral prominence that undulations the corpus forward to
the rising ramus LD 350-1. In the age of 2.80 to 2.75 My, the ledi-Geraru mandible is one of the
younger than the big known A. afarensis fossils from hadar (Grabowski and et. al., 2015). The
best part of this analysis is that, homo post pooch dental pattern used to be deliver in member
through Shungura formation as well as it is best represented by mandible Omo 75. There are
various drastic changes which are observed while analysing the fossils which will be helpful for
reaching to a certain target in the world of homo gene.
Relevant supportive evidences
It is observed that the impact is showed upon fossils due to change of climate and may other
factors which present in environment. There are many researchers whom are provided their
views regarding to this topic. As per their research, many developments are attained which
provides light on the statement that there is significant contribution of climate change upon
fossils which is understood from the viewpoints of below mentioned articles of authors:
According to Antón, S.C., et al. 2014 Evolution of early Homo due to specific event or it
can be occurred over different time scales. The evidences are attained in this regard from the
comparison of specimens of Australopithecus and Homo. The findings which are gathered will
be helpful in creating connections that here is huge relation of changes in climate with evolution
of Homo and Fossils.
According Behrensmeyer, A.K., 2006 significant impact can be emphasised upon Homo
fossils are entirely based on the cause and effects of climate changes on biological evolution and
how it forms the overall foundation of the past and coming future time. The primary aim of this
article is to analyse various hypotheses as well as marine and land documents to establish the
cause and effects among climate change and overall evolution. There is certain limitation to the
overall research, such as the findings are more unsatisfying because of limited resources and
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facts those are collected about the homo fossils. Some other drawbacks of using the author those
are using probability based data to test the cause and effect outcomes of the research analysis.
According to deMenocal, P.B.,2011, the main ways climate change can have made
impacts on African ecosystem to play a vital role in human evolution by using all the essential
outcomes from the National research council’s reports. Further, research aims to determine the
various link among climate change associated with the human evolution. It is done on the basis
of different transition periods which would play a crucial role in determining Homos species use
to modify according to these changes. The major focus is one evaluating the all essential changes
from different environmental transition period which would be crucial to examine Homo species.
The overall changes used to produce humanly traits that is differentiated as from other areas bit
cannot be associated with specific reason about the primary cause of the change (Hawks and
Berger, 2016).
In the opinion of Grove, (2011) The change and variability in Pleistocene climates which
is considered as primary part of human evolution. The aim of this article is to determine the
positive and negative aspects of two various research factors such as, TPH (Turnover pulse
hypothesis) and Variability adaption of hypothesis (VSH). There is certain model which are used
as combination of graphic model and climate analysis which should be taken into account for
more localised and higher resolution sources of paleo climatic data in order to assess the validity
of the pattern. However, the record that are collected regarding the hominin evolution from 3 and
2.5 million years ago is records more badly which is documented in overall surfaces basically in
different countries such as Ethiopia and afar. The discovery of 2.84 to 2.58 million year ago
fossil and hominin behaviour residues in the ledi-Geraru overall research zones of afar. Most of
the vertebrate fossils used to be recorded as a faunal turnover that would specify more vulnerable
and more probably unfertile all the natural habitats than those are analyse earlier in this particular
region. It is globally classified with overall hypotheses that is talking the entire role of
environment changes in evolution of fossils (Villmoare et al. 2015). There is various critical
analysis done in order to determine the key issues which provide valuable facts and results that
can proves little impacts on the Homo fossils because of climate change. The species features
such as teeth, faces and lower jaws of fossils were very much common to homo sapiens and
remain quite different from other archaic humans. The various body parts would eradicate slowly
because of pooch erupts before the second molar. The earlier fossil of people comprising of a
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skills cap with having upper layer with margin of orbits, parts of pelvis and one of them is has
clavicle in radius. It has been analysing that most of the individuals is worthy to be placed in the
overall evolutionary ladder among Homo erectus and sapiens. It is essential to make additional
discoveries to determine, whether or not these dent gnathic modification was attained by
neurocranial growth and elements of homo adaptive pattern.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Antón, S. C., et al. 2014. Evolution of early Homo: an integrated biological perspective.
Science .345. 45.
Behrensmeyer, A. K., 2006. Climate change and human evolution. Science 311, 476-478.
deMenocal, P. B., 2011. Climate and Human Evolution. Science 311, 540-542.
Grabowski, M. and et. al., 2015. Body mass estimates of hominin fossils and the evolution of
human body size. Journal of Human Evolution. 85. pp.75-93.
Grove, M. 2011. Change and variability in Plio-Pleistocene climates: Modelling the hominin
response. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38(11), 3038-3047.
Hawks, J. and Berger, L. R., 2016. The impact of a date for understanding the importance of
Homo naledi. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 71(2). pp.125-128.
Villmoare, and et. al., 2015. Early Homo at 2.8 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia. Science.
347(6228). pp.1352-1355.
Online
Early Homo at 2.8 Ma fromLedi-Geraru. 2015.[Online]. Available through: <
http://www.academia.edu/11642431/Early_Homo_at_2.8_Ma_from_Ledi-
Geraru_Afar_Ethiopia>.
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