Ensuring 'Ethical' Approach to Research

Running Head: ENSURING ‘'ETHICAL'' APPROACH TO RESEARCH 1
Ensuring "Ethical" Approach to Research
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ENSURING ‘'ETHICAL'' APPROACH TO RESEARCH 2
Actions that can be taken by a researcher to ensure the ethical approach to research
participants as well meet the ethical principles.
Research that calls for human subjects and participants brings about special legal,
social and political issues. Therefore principles have been set to govern research that pertains
to human subjects (Benatar & Singer, 2000). The first principle includes beneficence which
gives the researcher a chance to maximize the potential benefit of the study for the
participants. The second principle is referred to as the non-maleficence which calls for peace
and that no one should be involved in doing any harm (Haggerty, 2004). Respect for persons
happens to be another principle which demands dignity and respect for all human beings
(Smit, 2018). The last principle happens to be justice which is mainly based on fairness.
Research ethics is the study of the different ethical issues that arise when human
beings get to be used as subjects and participants in research (Benatar & Singer, 2000). For
human research to be carried out, there must be a relationship between researchers and
participants (Haggerty, 2004). Therefore there must be values to govern this relationship to
ensure that trust, moral equality, and mutual responsibility is maintained between the
researcher and the participants. These values may include; integrity, respect, objectivity,
research merit, confidentiality, and justice.
However, respect happens to be one of the most important values when carrying out
human research (Benatar & Singer, 2000). Every person should recognize that human life is
important. It further states that human beings have they have a right to live their own lives
based on their decisions (Smit, 2018). When conducting human research respect for human
beings entails something more than this. It mostly calls for protection to the vulnerable group
(Benatar, 2002). The researcher can also choose to empower them if he is capable. Therefore
researchers need to ensure that values are upheld when carrying out human research. Respect

ENSURING ‘'ETHICAL'' APPROACH TO RESEARCH 3
also demand that the researcher has the knowledge and regards for values, custom, practices
beliefs and culture (Benatar, 2002). The research also must be informed of the differences in
expectations between him and the participants. These make it possible for the researcher to
avoid ‘'difference blindness'' which mainly hinders trustful relationship and integrity. Respect
calls for privacy, entitlement, rights, and diversity for every human being.
Another value that the researchers need to acquire is integrity and merit.
Researchers need to have integrity because research has merit. Good research should be
based on the potential benefit which is also based on new knowledge, improved social good
fare, and individual well-being. The research commissioner is mainly tasked with securing
the research integrity. Research integrity should be regarded not only when searching for
knowledge but also on the way scrutiny and communication is permitted. Therefore research
should be protected for participants to be secured.
Researchers also need to ensure justice. Justice calls for human beings to be treated
equally. All human beings want to be treated equally. Thus while carrying out research
distributive justice should be put in place. Distributive justice requires equal distribution of
benefits, procedural justice, and burdens when recruiting participants and also while
reviewing research (Oliver, 2010). Benefits of research should also be carried out through
justice way.Moreover, they should be distributed equally and not tied to some unfair burdens
Confidentiality and anonymity are also very important values that researchers need
to adopt for them to be able to protect participants. Confidentiality calls for the respondent to
be known to the researcher and not to the general public (Oliver, 2010). The researcher
should also not publish any identifying information. Confidentiality is necessary when people
are thought to give some sensitive information which may cause embarrassment when the
public come to know about it. A researcher should always maintain the confidentiality of