Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems

Running head: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SIT740 Research and Development in Information Technology: Distinction Task 10.1: Digital
Ethics Reading
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:

1
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Title: Ethical Considerations in Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems
Article 1: “Ethically Aligned Design: A Vision For Prioritizing Wellbeing With Artificial
Intelligence And Autonomous Systems”.
This particular paper summarizes the ethical issues into field of artificial intelligence
along with autonomous systems. AIS are subject to norms as well as values which may conflict
by means of each other. It is built into data/algorithmic biases which are disadvantage members
of the groups. There is no such trust among the humans as well as AIS. An ethical dilemma
based on the personal information is data asymmetry. Autonomous system is designed to the
physical harm as compared to the traditional weapons. IEEE Standards Association (2016) stated
that technologies as well as systems are aimed to reduce human intervention into daily activities
which evolved at rapid pace. The aim of this paper is to identify the key drivers shape the human
technology global ecosystem as well as address of the monetary ramifications. Both artificial
intelligence as well as autonomous technologies is available worldwide. In the current era,
general principles are being concerned with different types of artificial intelligence along with
domain of applications whether they are physical robots and software artificial intelligence.
In this paper, it is recommended regards the artificial intelligence technologies. It is to be
proposed on realistic direction associated to central concerns into association of the humans in
addition to emerging information driven technologies. It is ensured that the human values such as
human rights are required to be secured. Ethics are therefore the underpin standards which
mandates that the system is certified as obedient with the standards. Ethics into the organization
are linked with the standards that are in turn linked with the regulations (IEEE Standards
Association 2016). It is mostly recommended to secure the personal data so that they are not

2
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
accessed by any other person those have unauthorized access to the data. Professional ethics
code is required to be strictly followed into the organization.
Article 2: “Society-in-the-Loop: Programming the Algorithmic Social Contract”.
In this particular article paper, it is summarized about the regulations of artificial
intelligence along with algorithmic systems. The author argued that there are requirement of
tools that can program, maintain in addition to debug the algorithmic social contract. In order to
achieve the tools, “human-in-the-loop (HITL)” is used for modeling as well as simulation with
interactive machine learning. The author proposed “society-in-the-loop (SITL)” to combine with
HITL control paradigm with the mechanism to negotiate the values of different stakeholders
affected by the AI systems. Into human-in-the-loop system, the human operators are crucial
component for the automated control process that can handle the supervision tasks, exception
control along with optimization as well as maintenance. Rahwan (2017) stated that HITL
thinking are applied to the human robot interaction. The issues in this article are that HITL is not
used to improve accuracy of AI system and speed up the convergence of reinforcement of the
learning robot.
It is recommended to use of SITL algorithm in order to serve well defined function with
broad functions of the societal implications. This particular AI algorithm controls various self-
driving cars and setting of filtering algorithms which influence the political beliefs. This
algorithm also mediates allocation of the resources; therefore a qualitative shift is done from
HITL society into SITL. Rahwan (2017) discussed on the comparison of two loops such as
optimization of the AI system into narrow impacts, SITL which embeds values of society into
algorithmic control of the societal results that can expansive the social implications. The