1ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Introduction Communityserviceworkershavebeenfocusingonefficientlymaintainingof confidentiality in their practice. Confidentiality can be explicitly explained as form of regulation in terms of legal and ethical, which safeguards the clients’ right of confidentiality. According to Reame (2015), in community services, Community service workers are committed to safeguard and preserve the confidentiality, truthfulness and security of clients, employees as well as volunteer’s personal data and information (Wolf et al., 2015). Community service agencies have been using practical efforts for safeguarding clients’ personal information and further complying with the obligations imposed bythe Australian Privacy Principles (APP). The following paper aims to analyse ethical considerations of maintaining utmost confidentiality in Community service practices. Discussion As per ethical practice guideline set by ACWA, individuals must exercise ethical behaviourineverysituationaspertheAustralianCommunityWorkersCodeofethics. Furthermore, community service workers have been efficiently distinguishing and effectively addressing ethical issues related to violations of confidentiality, discretion and professional limitations, which may take place while using digital tools for service provision. Furthermore, workers in community services as per ACWA guideline have been working in relation to child protection, the importance of duty of care associations have been depending greatly on the information of each specific case. For community workers, the practice guidelines have been recognized as key resource for service providers as well as employers. The strategies and indicators can be used as vital part of the duty of care procedures in order to ensure workers have the essential competencies to maintain confidentiality of clients. Studies reveal that organized
2ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE health-care setting where community service workers identify them does not tend to determine all of community ethical critical considerations. Karpman and Drisko (2016) mentioned in their studies that before the concept of managed care materialized, community service workers showed incompetence in offering their clients with utmost secrecy and confidentiality. Meanwhile, study on the fields of psychology and psychiatry revealed that clients tend to value confidentiality from their counsellors. Moreover, particularlyin the domain of clinical work,community service workershave shown considerable deference and admiration in support of their clients and their need for confidentiality. According toHaley et al. (2016), trust and reliance betweencommunity service workersand client is perceived to be imperative and tends to rely on assurance of confidentiality ofcommunity service workers. Moderncommunity service workershave identified that maintaining confidentiality cannot be significantly outright. On the other hand, there can be found several exceptions to clients’ confidentiality authorities. Banks (2016)noted that identified exceptions linked to safeguard of third parties such as compulsory reporting of child or adult molestation in addition to clients’ threats of self-harm, which necessitate proper revelation of confidential information. Thus, in the view ofMänttäri‐ van der Kuip (2016), clients in domain ofcommunity servicehave authority to relative confidentiality. For instance, if a client has authority to secrecy in relation to her sexual orientation,howevercommunityserviceworkersshowing tendencyto revealinformation regarding severe risks and dangers to welfare and health for example considering clients’ self- harm attitude. Privileged communication is narrower concept. In order to comprehend the boundariesofdiscretionandconfidentiality,communityserviceworkersmustdevelop acquaintances with the doctrine of privileged communication (Unguru, 2018).
3ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Karpman and Drisko (2016)noted that rightsof privileged communication, which supposes that professional community service workers do not have the authorization to disclose confidential information deprived of the client's agreement. In contemporary times, Community service workers as well as other health care providers have been held to the growing demand of informed consent principles. Meanwhile, Ragsdell, Downes and Marchant (2016) have opined that recently introduced distance counselling in addition to additional community service, which have been conveyed digitally, has improved obligation and ability of community service workers in guaranteeing that clients fully recognized the characteristics of these services in addition to their likely welfares and hazards. However, these factors can be challenging if community service workers fail to meet clients personally or did not receive any chance of discussing issues with clients with their informed agreement (Jordan, 2017). Meanwhile, comprehensive studies have mentioned that critical challenges tend to arise while dealing with minors, especially when community service workers offer unrestricted facilities. At this juncture, state regulations and laws tend to fluctuate significantly vis-à-vis minors’ right to obtain mental health services devoid of parental permission. It has been noted that while state and federal laws and guidelines tend to vary in understanding and applications of informed consent principles, community service workers show consensus regarding accomplishment of strong-arming and excessive effect, which should be avoided while determining clients’ judgements (Wolf et al., 2015). Consideringethicalconsiderations,clientsshouldpossesstherequiredabilityof providing permission. Drawing relevance to such a factor, authors claimed that minor clients especially suffering from mental illness show inability in understanding the consent practice. On the other hand, other clients who have been suffering from drug or substance abuse may also exhibit inability of providing consent while sharing information. Reamer (2015) in their studies
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4ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE has asserted that typically community service workers are expected to understand clients’ ability of evaluation and making informed decisions. In addition to this, Community service workers’ are likely to distinguish significant facts and preserve information, gain current situations and interconnect requirements. However, while evaluating ethical considerations, community service workers assessment tends to be highly stimulating when Community service workers cooperate with clients on digital base rather than meeting in person, thus increasing the areas of issues regarding confirming their identity and age. Community service workers at times present clienteles with wide-ranging, largely expressed agreement forms that tend to disrupt clients’ authority to be learned and tend to be measured as unacceptable if confronted through legal regulations. There has been found compelling grounds for community service workers to comprehensively document applicable information digitally (Wolf et al. 2015). Community service workers regardless of being aware of risks associated with traditional forms of documentation have been encountered with continual documentation challenges. In the view of authors, Community service workers are beholden to base practice involvements on the most easily accessible empirical evidence. Furthermore, Jordan (2017) claimed that Community service workers must position interventions on evidence acquired from well-designed measured studies; if there is any lack of availability of Community service workers and nonrandomized measured trialswith determinedeligibilitystandards aswell as outcomeproceduresand estimations of valued authorities based on clinical experiences, imaginative revisions or reports of expert commission. Meanwhile, authors in their studies have mentioned that Community service workers in regular practice of their duties typically encounter ethical dilemma related to confidentialitythat are relied upon the competing standards of individualas opposed to collectivemoralandupright.Ragsdell,DownesandMarchant(2016)highlightedissues
5ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE pertaining to the way Community service workersobtain ideas about ethical considerations. Studies further accentuated that Community service workers have surpassed the focus on practical knowledge related to the Code of Ethics to a highly comprehensive experiential pedagogy. Thus rather than simply shedding light on Code, Community service workersmust throw light on dialogic and ontological knowledge about principles and ethics which have been occurring in recent times in the proximity of the human encounter. At this juncture, studies have suggested that practitioners are encountering important ethical defies during their attempt of preservingconfidentialityandsecrecywhileattendingclients(Unguru,2018).Moreover, practice guidelines in recent times have been developing concurrently while continuing to make decisions within individual acceptance of ethical practice. Conclusion Hence to conclude, Community service workersnecessitate improved understanding of ethical considerations and questions which they encounter in preserving client information in addition to the attributes and nature of dilemma in addition to the process of resolution. Additionally, Community service workers must proficiently continue their unbiased detection of novel methodsof aiding,and identifyingefforts, which must fall withinthe domain of Community service workers.
6ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE References Banks, S. (2016). Everyday ethics in professional life: Social work as ethics work.Ethics and Social Welfare,10(1), 35-52. Barsky, A. E., & Northern, H. (2017). Ethics and values in group work.Handbook of Social Work with Groups, 74. Haley, D. F., Matthews, S. A., Cooper, H. L., Haardörfer, R., Adimora, A. A., Wingood, G. M., & Kramer, M. R. (2016). Confidentiality considerations for use of social-spatial data on the social determinants of health: Sexual and reproductive health case study.Social Science & Medicine,166, 49-56. Jordan, S. (2017). Relationship based social work practice: the case for considering the centrality ofhumourincreatingandmaintainingrelationships.JournalofSocialWork Practice,31(1), 95-110. Karpman, H. E., & Drisko, J. (2016). Social media policy in social work education: A review and recommendations.Journal of Social Work Education,52(4), 398-408. Mänttäri‐van der Kuip, M. (2016). Moral distress among Community service workers : The role of insufficient resources.International Journal of Social Welfare,25(1), 86-97. Ragsdell, G., Downes, T., & Marchant, T. (2016). The extent and effectiveness of knowledge managementinAustraliancommunityserviceorganisations.JournalofKnowledge Management. Reamer,F.G.(2015).Clinicalsocialworkinadigitalenvironment:Ethicalandrisk- management challenges.Clinical Social Work Journal,43(2), 120-132.
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7ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE Unguru, E. (2018). The Limits of Confidentiality and of the Right to Privacy: A Bioethical Approach of Social Work. InEthical Issues in Social Work Practice(pp. 155-173). IGI Global. Wolf, L. E., Patel, M. J., Williams Tarver, B. A., Austin, J. L., Dame, L. A., & Beskow, L. M. (2015). Certificates of confidentiality: Protecting human subject research data in law and practice.The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics,43(3), 594-609.