Ethics in Information Technology and International Business

This report discusses the ethical issues in information technology and international business. It covers topics such as enforcement agencies, unrestricted access to digital communication, ethical principles, and arguments for closing the digital divide. The report also explores the ethical principles relevant to international business and provides examples.

Ethics in Information
Technology and
International Business

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ETHICS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY..............................................................1
Illustrate about Enforcement agencies to be allowed unrestricted access to such complete and
instructive information lives.......................................................................................................1
What is worse case situation where unrestricted access to digital communication of general
populations..................................................................................................................................2
Should we afford data stored in private email accounts as much protection as letters in a
locked desk drawer, that is stored where law enforcement agencies would otherwise need a
warrant to access and review documents?..................................................................................3
Describe which ethical principles that are relevant in information technology..........................4
What are argument as to why closing digital divide is important?.............................................4
TASK 2 ETHICAL ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ................................................4
Explain which ethical principles are most relevant to international business with examples.....4
Today, an estimated 24.9 million people around world are victim of forced labour, generating
$150 billion in illegal profits in private economy.......................................................................5
Know the chain...........................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Ethics in information technology is defined as a study and analysis of ethical issues
which are arising out of development and use of latest electronic technologies(IArnold and
Scheutz 2018). Objective of ethics in information technology is to identify and design solutions
to questions that are related to moral basis of individual responsibilities and moral and action
underpinnings of public policy. While issues in international is defined as issues that arises in
political, economical, legal and cultural norms that varies from nation to nation. In international
it is essential and important to solve ethical issues in different employment practices, human
rights, corruption, moral obligations and environmental norms of international
corporations(Arnold, and Scheutz, 2020. This report is based on ethics in information
technology and ethical issues in international business of NSA (National Security Agency) that is
a national level intelligence agency of United States Departments of defence where authority is
undertaken through Director of National Intelligence. The report is divided in two portions firstly
ethics in information technology which includes enforcement agencies, digital communication,
ethical principles and arguments and secondly ethical issues in international business which
includes ethical principles to international business and understanding of chain.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1 ETHICS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Illustrate about Enforcement agencies to be allowed unrestricted access to such complete
and instructive information lives.
Ethics in information technology is referred as a study and analysis that identifies various
ethical issues arise out development and use of electronic technologies. Its main motive and
objective of implying ethics in information technology is to prevent and implement different
principles while assorting information technology resources. Enforcement agencies are defined
as a type of laws which respond to analyse and protect crime issues(Cavusgil, et. al 2020). In
terms of National Security Agency, in this type of agencies police officer that provides and have
a vital role that adapts in unexpected situation. It is essential to analyse situational awareness to
enhance and improve development of interaction between information technology. Some of
different enforcement agencies that are related to unrestricted access in various aspects which are
as follows:
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 Agencies which are enforced by law are USDC, CBI, USS and FBI etc. there major
objective is to clear up and resolve crime from United States and other connection on
international regions.
 To determine and monitor critical use of various websites by individual, restrict to cyber
hacking that allows to build positivity in surroundings where individual's social media is
safer.
 Use of different rules and regulations is a target which is significant working corporate
department and those segments which are not related with in professionalism. Main aim
of enforcement agencies is to protect various working guidelines and analyses negative
flaws to improve working flexibility(Dörrenbächer and Gammelgaard 2019).
 For creating and regulating various laws and regulations to establish for maintaining and
having discipline to have optimum value for positive way of outcomes.
 Unethical activities and abusive to get secure by laws that generate from enforcement
agencies.
What is worse case situation where unrestricted access to digital communication of general
populations.
Digital communications consists a company's related online communication efforts.
Targets companies in present situations implement and applies large range of channels from their
websites to mobile chats. After then it connect and prospective customers, other stakeholders
and employees(Hamilton and Webster 2018). In terms of National Security Agency, digital
communications is defined as to social media channels where they uses to design and develop
society and ethical awareness. In terms of National Security Agency, digital communication is
defined as social media channels where they uses to develop and design society and ethical
awareness. NSA company uses their digital activities which may faces ad deal worst situations in
different aspects which deals: Misuse of client or people data: In various multinational companies agencies faces
various sort of challenges while disclosing and opening of their client's information in
public platform(Gallego‐Álvarez, 2018). As National Security Agency checks and
enables to restrict and provide assurance about preventing as making confidential about
clients personal data and information within company premises.
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 Prevention in social media: As social media is most influenced and wide concept inn
various people who uses their account for posting images and quotes. There are chances
of increasing and having threats through social media platform like Instagram, Facebook,
Twitter and other channels.
 Lack of security: In NSA there are different threats that considers by terrorists where
they mostly uses to decrease foreign power, terrorists, targetting national information
infrastructure and economic espionage(Johnson and Verdicchio, 2018). As United States
is considered to be most powerful and strong economy appealing mass development and
if security is not effective enough then threats that can implies more amount due to lack
of security.
Should we afford data stored in private email accounts as much protection as letters in a
locked desk drawer, that is stored where law enforcement agencies would otherwise
need a warrant to access and review documents?
According to working criteria of enforcements agencies which follows protection and
prevention factor where agencies could adapt for having private emails accounts which helps in
storing laws enforcement for systematically being improved. In terms of National Security
Agency, there are different chances in increasing up more creativities that is ancient
technologies which are compared within modern team communication tools. Various limitations
which makes its age real barrier and issue is of security(Le,Ling, and Yau,2018). Each websites
is carrying its own end to end encrypting relation to obscure data. An email server is data that
drives to store and keep messages and drafts as it operates from web browser. Having a private
email have a benefits that could be consider by National Security Agency which uses it for
scanning email orders to have better serving in advertisements. Though law enforcement and
government agencies are compile where email provider turns its accounts in effective manner. In
terms of employees and employers it is not vulnerable where risks is inherent and have chances
to hack accounts. As per setup it also provides better control to have email management and
presentation. There are various secured emails providers such as Zoho mail, Proton mail and
counter mail and from these mail it considers as a better security for attaining people's trust to
open up a account (Yoo 2018) .
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Describe which ethical principles that are relevant in information technology.
Ethics in information technology is referred as a study and analysis of different ethical
issues that arises out whee use of development in relation to electronic technologies(Luck2018).
Objective of ethics in information technology is to determine and reflecting that are related to
more information about responsibilities and actions. In terms of ethical principles in information
technology which follows for implementing online or usage of internet is to improve accurate
objective and content. Ethics in information technology is referred as applying principle of
beneficence which helps to undertakes decision making which ensures in achieving targets. As
similar to National Security Agency which implements and uses this ethical principle of
beneficence which operates to accompanied for attaining and having good competitive
advantages. There are various ethical principles which are related like autonomy, principles of
justice as they are addition of linked with legal legislations and where information technology is
demonstrated about technical aspects for designing and developing better work flexibility.
What are argument as to why closing digital divide is important?
Digital divide is implemented and used in order to improve in work on causes and
inequalities which is ICT(Information and Communication Technologies) where they deals with
advantages which are providing a large advantage towards information, decrease of cost and
providing large creativity between individuals. It is essential to use digital divide as in current
situation individuals survive and use in digital technological global world(Pham and Castro,
2019). As, advanced technology allows artificial intelligence that is characterised towards each
factor of human lives. Hence to provide access about technologies and internet there should be
an intensity about better social division where technologies is applied for accessing internet
towards learning and providing opportunities. As it afterwards briefly explains about creating a
bridge which have a difference in implementing of national global strategies that share
information and knowledge of rich and valuable data in cultural and social inequalities (Ricky,
GRIFFIN and MIKE 2019).
TASK 2 ETHICAL ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
Explain which ethical principles are most relevant to international business with examples.
Ethical principles are defined as a component normative theory that helps in providing
better justification or referred about moral values and judgements where they are not dependent
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on one 's subjective view points. In terms of National Security Agency, there are few of
examples with various principle towards business executives which establish standard or ethical
individual explains which are as follows: Principle of respect for autonomy: This ethical principle states about autonomy is a self
rule which is providing obligation for having respect for making decision through others
by considering own expectation. Principle of Beneficence: This principle is defined as providing an obligation which
shows about all actions where place are having conflicts and autonomy to other
individuals. For example: when manager is used to make decisions and undertakes all
actions to improve objectives to be achieved. Principle of justice: This ethical principle of ethics states that there is a obligation to
have other with different components which are entitled and deserve as in public life
obligation to treat fairly and equally.
 Principle of Non maleficence: This ethical principle is related about not damaging to any
individual. For example: company uses to make laws and regulations for infrastructure
and employees.
Today, an estimated 24.9 million people around world are victim of forced labour,
generating $150 billion in illegal profits in private economy.
Establishment of 24.9 millions individuals around are related to manpower which
increases high profits $100 billions in private company. Taking up an example of a retail
company it is relating example of highlighting about building more revenues, some ventures of
retails like Marks and Spencer and Sainsbury's stores where they provide a large range of
product and services. As there is research that is used to design and develop about 40-45 percent
for building $3.6 billions in year of 2017. Research method according to literature review is a
quantitative research method is applied and all data is scrutinize through primary as well as
secondary data is applied. By taking up interviews in more than 135 business leaders and
managers where workers, union government agencies ODF state of Tamil Nadu is improved and
leads to generating revenues by focusing towards exploitation.
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Know the chain
According to this research report of understanding and knowing chain,2020 is designing
a benchmark that improves to addresses about world 's 49 largest ICT companies and about their
efforts to deal with various risks.
Overall research defines that it focuses on quantitative research method that relates to
finding generating in ration and numerical manner like bar graphs commitments and
government, traceability and risk assessment, purchasing and recruitment. Different key
messages helps in allowing to demonstrate in enhancing internal structure of know the chain
company and in context to workers voice, remedy monitoring and worker voice all these rates
are on high scale, average and low score to build optimum outcomes. As being a common
observation that demonstrate it in two reports which generally highlights their internal changes
that occurs top empowering development perspective in context to customer recruitment and
other factors for creating and designing benchmarking.
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CONCLUSION
From above report it has been concluded that ethics in information technology that
performs a important and vital duty in analysing various ethical issues of business as it takes use
of several latest information technology to determine and resolve different ethical issues which
are present in businesses. There are also ethical issues which could arise in carrying international
business which affects external factors of businesses. With that there are different enforcement
agencies are analysed and explained with digital communication techniques and explanation of
various ethical principles that are important in information technology along with various
arguments. There is also ethical principles which are relevant in information technology along
with different arguments. There is also ethical principles which are explained that are important
to international business with its explanations of chain.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Arnold, T. and Scheutz, M., 2018. HRI ethics and type-token ambiguity: what kind of robotic
identity is most responsible?. Ethics and Information Technology, pp.1-10.
Arnold, T. and Scheutz, M., 2018. The “big red button” is too late: an alternative model for the
ethical evaluation of AI systems.
Cavusgil, S.T., Deligonul, S., Ghauri, P.N., Bamiatzi, V., Park, B.I. and Mellahi, K., 2020. Risk
in international business and its mitigation. Journal of World Business, 55(2), p.101078.
Dörrenbächer, C. and Gammelgaard, J., 2019. Critical and mainstream international business
research: Making critical IB an integral part of a societally engaged international
business discipline. critical perspectives on international business.
Hamilton, L. and Webster, P., 2018. The international business environment. Oxford University
Press.
Johnson, D.G. and Verdicchio, M., 2018. Why robots should not be treated like animals. Ethics
and Information Technology, 20(4), pp.291-301.
Le, Q., Ling, T. and Yau, J., 2018. Do international cocurricular activities have an impact on
cultivating a global mindset in business school students?. Journal of Teaching in
International Business, 29(1), pp.62-75.
Luck, M., 2018. Has Ali dissolved the gamer’s dilemma?. Ethics and Information
Technology, 20(3), pp.157-162.
Pham, A. and Castro, C., 2019. The moral limits of the market: the case of consumer scoring
data. Ethics and Information Technology, 21(2), pp.117-126.
Ricky, W., GRIFFIN, P. and MIKE, W., 2019. International business: A managerial
perspective. Pearson.
Yoo, D., 2018. Stakeholder Tokens: a constructive method for value sensitive design stakeholder
analysis. Ethics and Information Technology, pp.1-5.
Gallego‐Álvarez, I., 2018. Assessing corporate environmental issues in international companies:
A study of explanatory factors. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(8), pp.1284-
1294.
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